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In this regard, both GH (short-loop feedback) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; long-loop feedback) can target somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland and neuroendocrine hypothalamic neurons to regulate the GH\/IGF-1 axis. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)\u2013expressing neurons play a fundamental role in stimulating pituitary GH secretion. However, it is currently unknown whether IGF-1 action on GHRH-expressing cells is required for the control of the GH\/IGF-1\/growth axis. In the present study, we investigated the phenotype of male and female mice carrying ablation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) exclusively in GHRH cells. After weaning, both male and female GHRH\u0394IGF1R mice exhibited increases in body weight, lean body mass, linear growth, and length of long bones (tibia, femur, humerus, and radius). In contrast, the percentage of body fat was similar between control and GHRH\u0394IGF1R mice. The higher body growth of GHRH\u0394IGF1R mice can be explained by increases in mean GH levels, GH pulse amplitude, and pulse frequency, calculated from 36 blood samples collected from each animal at 10-minute intervals. GHRH\u0394IGF1R mice also showed increased hypothalamic Ghrh mRNA levels, pituitary Gh mRNA expression, hepatic Igf1 expression, and serum IGF-1 levels compared with control animals. Furthermore, GHRH\u0394IGF1R mice displayed significant alterations in the sexually dimorphic hepatic gene expression profile, with a prevailing feminization in most genes analyzed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GHRH neurons represent a key and necessary site for the long-loop negative feedback that controls the GH\/IGF-1 axis and body growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T19:14:18Z","timestamp":1663096458000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Increased GH Secretion and Body Growth in Mice Carrying Ablation of IGF-1 Receptor in GH-releasing Hormone Cells"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela O","family":"Gusmao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana R","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4166-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Jose","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 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