{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:52:55Z","timestamp":1784760775317,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by unique clinical features and comorbidities, and progress in the analysis of its genetic pathogenesis has been achieved. Moreover, prescribed glucocorticoids are also associated with exogenous Cushing's syndrome. Several animal models have been established to explore the pathophysiology and develop treatments for Cushing's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies reporting animal models of Cushing's syndrome with different features and complications induced by glucocorticoid excess. Exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration in drinking water is widely utilized, and we found that CORT pellet implantation in mice successfully leads to a Cushing's phenotype. Corticotropin-releasing hormone overexpression mice and adrenal-specific Prkar1a-deficient mice have been developed, and AtT20 transplantation methods have been designed to examine the medical treatments for adrenocorticotropic hormone\u2013producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. We also review recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced complications using animal models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T21:32:28Z","timestamp":1665783148000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Animal Models of Cushing's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4417-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Center, Kochi University , Kochi city, Kochi 780-8520 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science , Suzuka city, Mie 510-0293 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Gyomeikan Hospital , Osaka city, Osaka 554-0012 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9996","key":"2022110408273884000_bqac173-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61375-1","article-title":"Cushing's 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