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To understand the specific aging-related changes of endocrine function in thyroid epithelial cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 54 726 cells derived from pathologically normal thyroid tissues from 7 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Thyroid endocrine epithelial cells were clustered into 5 distinct subpopulations, and a subset of cells was found to be particularly vulnerable with aging, showing functional deterioration associated with the expression of metallothionein (MT) and major histocompatibility complex class II genes. We further validated that increased expression of MT family genes are highly correlated with thyroid gland aging in bulk RNAseq datasets. This study provides evidence that aging induces specific transcriptomic changes across multiple cell populations in the human thyroid gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T18:26:20Z","timestamp":1676485580000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Single Cell Analysis of Human Thyroid Reveals the Transcriptional Signatures of Aging"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Yourae","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul , Korea"},{"name":"Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun 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