{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:25:10Z","timestamp":1790839510783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a dimeric glycoprotein produced by pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates spermatogenesis in males and ovarian follicle growth in females. Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates FSH\u03b2 subunit gene (Fshb) transcription, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined changes in pituitary gene expression in GnRH-deficient mice (hpg) treated with a regimen of exogenous GnRH that increases pituitary Fshb but not luteinizing hormone \u03b2 (Lhb) messenger RNA levels. Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) was among the most upregulated genes. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can heterodimerize with members of the activator protein 1 family to regulate gene transcription. Co-expression of ATF3 with JunB stimulated murine Fshb, but not Lhb, promoter-reporter activity in homologous L\u03b2T2b cells. ATF3 also synergized with a constitutively active activin type I receptor to increase endogenous Fshb expression in these cells. Nevertheless, FSH production was intact in gonadotrope-specific Atf3 knockout [conditional knockout (cKO)] mice. Ovarian follicle development, ovulation, and litter sizes were equivalent between cKOs and controls. Testis weights and sperm counts did not differ between genotypes. Following gonadectomy, increases in LH secretion were enhanced in cKO animals. Though FSH levels did not differ between genotypes, post-gonadectomy increases in pituitary Fshb and gonadotropin \u03b1 subunit expression were more pronounced in cKO than control mice. These data indicate that ATF3 can selectively stimulate Fshb expression in vitro but is not required for FSH production in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T15:34:21Z","timestamp":1679585661000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Activating Transcription Factor 3 Stimulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-\u03b2 Expression In Vitro But Is Dispensable for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Production in Murine Gonadotropes In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Carlos A I","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline D","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirine","family":"Toufaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5449-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisina","family":"Ongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venugopalan D","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederique","family":"Ruf-Zamojski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , 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