{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:59:24Z","timestamp":1788184764565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds National pour la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004418","name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in diverse physiological processes, and insufficient synthesis of these hormones results in hypothyroidism, a prevalent disorder with a significant global impact. Research has shown that the residual thyroid tissue following surgery fails to fully regenerate the gland and restore normal function. The slow turnover rate of the thyroid gland and the presence of resident stem cells, which may contribute to regeneration within adult thyroid tissue, are topics of ongoing debate. This comprehensive review summarizes current research findings concerning the regeneration of the adult thyroid. Investigations have identified potential cellular mechanisms implicated in thyroid regeneration following partial tissue damage, including cells within microfollicles and a cluster of potential thyroid progenitors cells. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. In cases of complete removal of the thyroid gland, regeneration does not occur, underscoring the necessity for an external source of thyroid tissue. The transplantation of thyroid organoids has emerged as a promising approach to restore thyroid function. Researchers have successfully derived thyroid organoids from various sources and demonstrated their functionality in both in vitro and in vivo animal models. Despite the challenges that still need to be addressed in achieving full maturation and functionality of human thyroid organoids, significant strides have been made in this regard. This review explores the potential of thyroid organoid transplantation and its implications for the field of regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T10:36:17Z","timestamp":1694169377000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Progress Toward and Challenges Remaining for Thyroid Tissue Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1402-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edrian","family":"Romitti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Mol\u00e9culaire (IRIBHM), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1070 Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Costagliola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Mol\u00e9culaire (IRIBHM), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , 1070 Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B1","volume-title":"Werner & Ingbar's the Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text","author":"Kopp","year":"2020","edition":"11th ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.145615","article-title":"Development of the thyroid gland","volume":"144","author":"Nilsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.7A7179.2007","article-title":"Expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin by thyroid C cells and their precursors during murine development","volume":"55","author":"Kameda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"7422","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11525","article-title":"Generation of functional thyroid from embryonic stem cells","volume":"491","author":"Antonica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B5","first-page":"527","article-title":"Regeneration of thyroid function by transplantation of differentiated pluripotent stem cells","volume":"17","author":"Kurmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.02.011","article-title":"Generation and differentiation of adult tissue-derived human thyroid organoids","volume":"16","author":"Ogundipe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34776-7","article-title":"Transplantable human thyroid organoids generated from embryonic stem cells to rescue hypothyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Romitti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr030","article-title":"The epidemiology of thyroid disease","volume":"99","author":"Vanderpump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Me\u0301d Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2409","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Madariaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.09.012","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo development of the human airway at single-cell resolution","volume":"54","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181ae5426","article-title":"Hypothyroidism following hemithyroidectomy","volume":"250","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01794.x","article-title":"Hemithyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease: who needs follow-up for hypothyroidism?","volume":"33","author":"Wormald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00520","article-title":"Thyroid hormone supplementation therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer after lobectomy: 5 years of follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-99-4-988","article-title":"Compensatory thyroid hypertrophy after hemithyroidectomy in rats1 1","volume":"99","author":"Clark","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00785877","article-title":"Compensatory hypertrophy of the thyroid gland","volume":"54","author":"Gibadulin","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B17","first-page":"617","article-title":"Compensatory hypertrophy of the rat thyroid after partial thyroidectomy","volume":"36","author":"Logothetopoulos","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4777-3","article-title":"The compensatory enlargement of the remaining thyroid lobe following hemithyroidectomy is small and without impact on symptom relief","volume":"275","author":"Pustelnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.3.667","article-title":"Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors","volume":"72","author":"Dumont","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01290.x","article-title":"Cell population kinetics in dog and human adult thyroid","volume":"31","author":"Coclet","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.5.0444","article-title":"Regulation of thyroid cell proliferation by TSH and other factors: a critical evaluation of in vitro models","volume":"22","author":"Kimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0639","article-title":"Regenerative potentials of the murine thyroid in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis: role of CD24","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"18","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev167692","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.167692","article-title":"Model systems for regeneration: zebrafish","volume":"146","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"7288","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08899","article-title":"Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation","volume":"464","author":"Jopling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7288","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08804","article-title":"Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4+ cardiomyocytes","volume":"464","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7347","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10147","article-title":"Heart regeneration","volume":"473","author":"Laflamme","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2022.01.012","article-title":"Heart regeneration: 20 years of progress and renewed optimism","volume":"57","author":"Garbern","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0342-4","article-title":"Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications","volume":"18","author":"Michalopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610774104","article-title":"Liver growth in the embryo and during liver regeneration in zebrafish requires the cell cycle regulator, uhrf1","volume":"104","author":"Sadler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.01.007","article-title":"Cell plasticity in liver regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.019","article-title":"Extensive conversion of hepatic biliary epithelial cells to hepatocytes after near total loss of hepatocytes in zebrafish","volume":"146","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.03.004","article-title":"Satellite-like cells contribute to pax7-dependent skeletal muscle repair in adult zebrafish","volume":"424","author":"Berberoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.06.018","article-title":"A muscle stem cell support group: coordinated cellular responses in muscle regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Wosczyna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C675","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00036.2020","article-title":"Stem cells and lung regeneration","volume":"319","author":"Parekh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4831","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.072587","article-title":"Regeneration of the adult zebrafish brain from neurogenic radial glia-type progenitors","volume":"138","author":"Kroehne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.058156","article-title":"Clonal analysis by distinct viral vectors identifies bona fide neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish telencephalon and characterizes their division properties and fate","volume":"138","author":"Rothenaigner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1365","article-title":"Thyroid regeneration: characterization of clear cells after partial thyroidectomy","volume":"153","author":"Ozaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.158","article-title":"Regeneration of thyroid follicles from primordial cells in a murine thyroidectomized model","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-018-0068-x","article-title":"An in vivo model for thyroid regeneration and folliculogenesis","volume":"98","author":"Iwadate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80801","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080801","article-title":"Stem cell antigen 1-positive mesenchymal cells are the origin of follicular cells during thyroid regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Okamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0490","article-title":"Side population cells in the mouse thyroid exhibit stem\/progenitor cell-like characteristics","volume":"148","author":"Hoshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606269","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.606269","article-title":"A stem cell surge during thyroid regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-42-37","article-title":"Changing trends in surgery for Graves\u2019 disease: a cohort comparison of those having surgery intended to preserve thyroid function with those having ablative surgery","volume":"42","author":"Al-Adhami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.1047","article-title":"Impaired enteral levothyroxine absorption in hypothyroidism refractory to oral therapy after thyroid ablation for papillary thyroid cancer: case report and kinetic studies","volume":"16","author":"Tnjes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.08.013","article-title":"Volume changes in remnant thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy in Graves disease","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Formos Me\u0301d Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab047","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab047","article-title":"Thyroid hormones regulate goblet cell differentiation and Fgf19-Fgfr4 signaling","volume":"162","author":"Blitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.01.019","article-title":"Efficient derivation of purified lung and thyroid progenitors from embryonic stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Longmire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.12.024","article-title":"Thyroid progenitors are robustly derived from embryonic stem cells through transient, developmental stage-specific overexpression of Nkx2-1","volume":"8","author":"Dame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"issue":"21","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B49","first-page":"3879","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cell differentiation reveals distinct developmental pathways regulating lung- versus thyroid-lineage specification","volume":"144","author":"Serra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0537","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cells form functional thyroid follicles","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0644","article-title":"Thyroid follicle formation and thyroglobulin expression in multipotent endodermal stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0264","article-title":"TAZ induction directs differentiation of thyroid follicular cells from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00446","article-title":"Derivation and 97% purification of human thyroid cells from dermal fibroblasts","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0169","article-title":"Functional model of rat thyroid follicles cultured in Matrigel","volume":"10","author":"Khoruzhenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2105568","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105568","article-title":"Modeling human thyroid development by fetal tissue-derived organoid culture","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"51","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117017118","article-title":"Adult mouse and human organoids derived from thyroid follicular cells and modeling of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism","volume":"118","author":"van der Vaart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0457-z","article-title":"Clinical, behavioural and pharmacogenomic factors influencing the response to levothyroxine therapy in patients with primary hypothyroidism\u2014protocol for a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Dew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v38i6.26194","article-title":"A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines\u2019 recommendations on levothyroxine therapy alone versus combination therapy (LT4 plus LT3) for hypothyroidism","volume":"38","author":"Kraut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1322","article-title":"The thyroid-related quality of life measure ThyPRO has good responsiveness and ability to detect relevant treatment effects","volume":"99","author":"Watt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01654.x","article-title":"Psychological well-being in patients on \u2018adequate\u2019 doses of l-thyroxine: results of a large, controlled community-based questionnaire study","volume":"57","author":"Saravanan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1083","article-title":"Treatment with thyroid hormone","volume":"35","author":"Biondi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00706","article-title":"Combination thyroid hormone replacement; knowns and unknowns","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02024-6","article-title":"Thyroid hormone therapy in congenital hypothyroidism and pediatric hypothyroidism","volume":"66","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"5728","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5728.145","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial of combined triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Me\u0301d J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4400","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab478","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of levothyroxine, desiccated thyroid extract, and levothyroxine + liothyronine in hypothyroidism","volume":"106","author":"Shakir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023092721243172500_bqad136-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0720","article-title":"Evidence-based use of levothyroxine\/liothyronine combinations in treating hypothyroidism: a consensus document","volume":"31","author":"Jonklaas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad136\/51501743\/bqad136.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/164\/10\/bqad136\/51773031\/bqad136.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/164\/10\/bqad136\/51773031\/bqad136.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T17:41:03Z","timestamp":1695836463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad136\/7266795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad136","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"article-number":"bqad136"}}