{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T18:55:57Z","timestamp":1776020157308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HD096051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HD096051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD111425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD111425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Wolffian duct (WD) maintenance and differentiation is predominantly driven by the androgen action, which is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). It is well established that the mesenchyme indicates the fate and differentiation of epithelial cells. However, in vivo developmental requirement of mesenchymal AR in WD development is still undefined. By designing a mesenchyme-specific Ar knockout (ARcKO), we discovered that the loss of mesenchymal Ar led to the bilateral or unilateral degeneration of caudal WDs and cystic formation at the cranial WDs. Ex vivo culture of ARcKO WDs invariably resulted in bilateral defects, suggesting that some factor(s) originating from surrounding tissues in vivo might promote WD survival and growth even in the absence of mesenchymal Ar. Mechanistically, we found cell proliferation was significantly reduced in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments; but cell apoptosis was not affected. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of E14.5 mesonephroi revealed 131 differentially expressed genes. Multiple downregulated genes (Top2a, Wnt9b, Lama2, and Lamc2) were associated with morphological and cellular changes in ARcKO male embryos (ie, reduced cell proliferation and decreased number of epithelial cells). Mesenchymal differentiation into smooth muscle cells that are critical for morphogenesis was also impaired in ARcKO male embryos. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial roles of the mesenchymal AR in WD maintenance and morphogenesis in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T09:56:09Z","timestamp":1703584569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Crucial Roles of the Mesenchymal Androgen Receptor in Wolffian Duct Development"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2075-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian","family":"Wilbourne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1371-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allyssa","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoki","family":"Takaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND 58202 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, WI 53706 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.05.020","article-title":"Androgens and mammalian male reproductive tract development","volume":"1849","author":"Murashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20200200","article-title":"Androgens and the masculinization programming window: human-rodent differences","volume":"48","author":"Sharpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910964","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.910964","article-title":"One tool for many jobs: divergent and conserved actions of androgen signaling in male internal reproductive tract and external genitalia","volume":"13","author":"Amato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"828","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1970.0052","article-title":"Hormonal factors in the sex differentiation of the mammalian foetus","volume":"259","author":"Jost","year":"1970","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B5","first-page":"379","article-title":"Problems of fetal endocrinology\u2014the gonadal and hypophyseal hormones","volume":"8","author":"Jost","year":"1953","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Androgen receptor structure, function and biology: from bench to bedside","volume":"37","author":"Davey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1121","article-title":"Essential roles of androgen signaling in Wolffian duct stabilization and epididymal cell differentiation","volume":"152","author":"Murashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"19","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8606","article-title":"A single base deletion in the Tfm androgen receptor gene creates a short-lived messenger RNA that directs internal translation initiation","volume":"88","author":"Gaspar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"21","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212474399","article-title":"Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: an in vivo model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues","volume":"99","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109557","article-title":"Male fertility in mice requires classical and nonclassical androgen signaling","volume":"36","author":"Cooke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000031","article-title":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome: a review","volume":"62","author":"Batista","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-6-2867","article-title":"Androgen receptor expression in developing male reproductive organs","volume":"128","author":"Cooke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.106.2.235","article-title":"Induction of functional cytodifferentiation in the epithelium of tissue recombinants. II. Instructive induction of Wolffian duct epithelia by neonatal seminal vesicle mesenchyme","volume":"106","author":"Higgins","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2008.00290.x","article-title":"Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions: past, present, and future","volume":"76","author":"Cunha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.07.015","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling plays an essential role in activation of odontogenic mesenchyme during early tooth development","volume":"334","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac179","article-title":"Morphogenesis of the female reproductive tract along antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes is dependent on Amhr2+ mesenchyme in mice","volume":"107","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgac182","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac182","article-title":"Contribution of the Wolffian duct mesenchyme to the formation of the female reproductive tract","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2022.01.001","article-title":"Ex vivo development of the entire mouse fetal reproductive tract by using microdissection and membrane-based organ culture techniques","volume":"123","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.3.5788","article-title":"Fetal development of Leydig cell activity in the mouse is independent of pituitary gonadotroph function","volume":"139","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20334","article-title":"A unique mouse strain expressing Cre recombinase for tissue-specific analysis of gene function in palate and kidney development","volume":"45","author":"Lan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Endocrinology","author":"Wilbourne","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad193"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.128918","article-title":"Purification and transcriptomic analysis of mouse fetal Leydig cells reveals candidate genes for specification of gonadal steroidogenic cells","volume":"92","author":"McClelland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"17","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.17.3491","article-title":"Failure of normal adult Leydig cell development in androgen-receptor-deficient mice","volume":"115","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308114100","article-title":"A sertoli cell-selective knockout of the androgen receptor causes spermatogenic arrest in meiosis","volume":"101","author":"De Gendt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00957","article-title":"Androgen receptor function is required in sertoli cells for the terminal differentiation of haploid spermatids","volume":"131","author":"Holdcraft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12287","article-title":"Development of fetal and adult Leydig cells","volume":"18","author":"Shima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"issue":"6352","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9136","article-title":"Elimination of the male reproductive tract in the female embryo is promoted by COUP-TFII in mice","volume":"357","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013029","article-title":"How do you get six meters of epididymis inside a human scrotum?","volume":"32","author":"Hinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"27","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41959","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9747","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of three proliferation markers, Ki-67, TOP2A, and RacGAP1, in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: issues and prospects","volume":"7","author":"Neubauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.05.016","article-title":"Wnt9b plays a central role in the regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transitions underlying organogenesis of the mammalian urogenital system","volume":"9","author":"Carroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752410","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.752410","article-title":"Roles of nitric oxide in the regulation of reproduction: a review","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-011-9254-z","article-title":"Sex and hedgehog: roles of genes in the hedgehog signaling pathway in mammalian sexual differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Franco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromosome Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.088997","article-title":"Redundant and differential roles of transcription factors Gli1 and Gli2 in the development of mouse fetal Leydig cells","volume":"84","author":"Barsoum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120850","article-title":"Misactivation of hedgehog signaling causes inherited and sporadic cancers","volume":"129","author":"Raleigh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.08.013","article-title":"Cellular junctions in the epididymis, a critical parameter for understanding male reproductive toxicology","volume":"81","author":"Cyr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0028","article-title":"The critical time window for androgen-dependent development of the Wolffian duct in the rat","volume":"148","author":"Welsh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.09.041","article-title":"Pattern formation of an epithelial tubule by mechanical instability during epididymal development","volume":"9","author":"Hirashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0529","article-title":"New insights into the role of androgens in wolffian duct stabilization in male and female rodents","volume":"150","author":"Welsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402050203","article-title":"The possible influence of temporal factors in androgenic responsiveness of urogenital tissue recombinants from wild-type and androgen-insensitive (Tfm) mice","volume":"205","author":"Cunha","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.7684975","article-title":"Assessment of prostatic protein secretion in tissue recombinants made of urogenital sinus mesenchyme and urothelium from normal or androgen-insensitive mice","volume":"132","author":"Donjacour","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"27","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703445104","article-title":"Essential roles of inhibin beta A in mouse epididymal coiling","volume":"104","author":"Tomaszewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0149","article-title":"Androgen-dependent mechanisms of Wolffian duct development and their perturbation by flutamide","volume":"147","author":"Welsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000147791","article-title":"Smooth muscle-epithelial interactions in normal and neoplastic prostatic development","volume":"155","author":"Cunha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00187.x","article-title":"Urothelial sonic hedgehog signaling plays an important role in bladder smooth muscle formation","volume":"75","author":"Shiroyanagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.041","article-title":"Genetic and mechanical regulation of intestinal smooth muscle development","volume":"179","author":"Huycke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.12.026","article-title":"Midline-derived Shh regulates mesonephric tubule formation through the paraxial mesoderm","volume":"386","author":"Murashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5270","article-title":"Delayed onset of smooth muscle cell differentiation leads to hydroureter formation in mice with conditional loss of the zinc finger transcription factor gene Gata2 in the ureteric mesenchyme","volume":"248","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1339","article-title":"Deletion of androgen receptor in the smooth muscle of the seminal vesicles impairs secretory function and alters its responsiveness to exogenous testosterone and estradiol","volume":"151","author":"Welsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12450","article-title":"Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens as an atypical form of cystic fibrosis: reproductive implications and genetic counseling","volume":"6","author":"de Souza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02122-w","article-title":"Genetics of the congenital absence of the vas deferens","volume":"140","author":"Bieth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.06.012","article-title":"Truncating mutations in the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2 gene ADGRG2 cause an X-linked congenital bilateral absence of vas Deferens","volume":"99","author":"Patat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.036","article-title":"Testosterone regulates levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP in the seminal vesicles of orchidectomized rats","volume":"85","author":"Ramli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2018.06.012","article-title":"Testosterone enhances expression and functional activity of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE) in vas deferens of sex-steroid deficient male rats","volume":"138","author":"Khadijah Ramli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gay029","article-title":"A novel transcriptional network for the androgen receptor in human epididymis epithelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12749","article-title":"Male partners of infertile couples with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens are mainly non-azoospermic","volume":"8","author":"Mieusset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420080100041","article-title":"Unilateral absence of the vas deferens. A useful clinical sign","volume":"261","author":"Donohue","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2014.30.4.185","article-title":"Unilateral cryptorchidism induces morphological changes of testes and hyperplasia of sertoli cells in a dog","volume":"30","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Anim Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0207","article-title":"A deficiency of lunatic fringe is associated with cystic dilation of the rete testis","volume":"137","author":"Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.204","article-title":"Unilateral anomalies of kidney development: why is left not right?","volume":"80","author":"Schreuder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4161","article-title":"Left-sided cryptorchidism in mice with Wilms\u2019 tumour 1 gene deletion in gubernaculum testis","volume":"230","author":"Kaftanovskaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev201093","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201093","article-title":"Loss of WNT4 in the gubernaculum causes unilateral cryptorchidism and fertility defects","volume":"149","author":"Seth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5369","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.051888","article-title":"FGF8 is essential for formation of the ductal system in the male reproductive tract","volume":"138","author":"Kitagaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011612113804100_bqad193-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80119-5","article-title":"FGF8 functions in the specification of the right body side of the chick","volume":"9","author":"Boettger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Biol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad193\/54859051\/bqad193.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/165\/2\/bqad193\/55526395\/bqad193.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/165\/2\/bqad193\/55526395\/bqad193.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1705407337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad193\/7497275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"article-number":"bqad193"}}