{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:47:34Z","timestamp":1787878054517,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/20897-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/20897-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/10435-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/10435-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/01318-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/01318-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303363\/2019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303363\/2019-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305839\/2021-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305839\/2021-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2017-3196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2017-3196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2019-3054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2019-3054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2020-3270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2020-3270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG081962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG081962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AG059779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AG059779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR081804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR081804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25DK122952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DK122952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqae057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:48:25Z","timestamp":1715302105000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7830-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7310-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick","family":"Wasinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiologia e Biof\u00edsica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo 04039-032 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel O","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiologia e Biof\u00edsica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9684-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda P","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0029-7313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson S","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia N","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6502-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio F A","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cibele N","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o E","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J","family":"Kopchick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens, OH 45701 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6775-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary S E","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin 9054 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gimena","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology , La Plata, BA 1900 ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo N","family":"De Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology , La Plata, BA 1900 ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2114-6765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Perell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology , La Plata, BA 1900 ,","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala , Uppsala 75312 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7982-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos R J","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN\/SP , S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4166-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Jose","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiologia e Biof\u00edsica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo 05508-000 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00692.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine regulation of growth hormone secretion","volume":"6","author":"Steyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T123","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0120","article-title":"60 years of neuroendocrinology: the hypothalamo-GH axis: the past 60 years","volume":"226","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B3","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Prevot","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212137110","article-title":"Rapid sensing of circulating ghrelin by hypothalamic appetite-modifying neurons","volume":"110","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218284110","article-title":"Modulation of AgRP-neuronal function by SOCS3 as an initiating event in diet-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance","volume":"110","author":"Olofsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238928","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta acutely inhibit AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus","volume":"21","author":"Chaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2017.1327003","article-title":"The role of leptin in health and disease","volume":"4","author":"Ramos-Lobo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.014","article-title":"Toward a wiring diagram understanding of appetite control","volume":"95","author":"Andermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.6.7450","article-title":"Transcellular transport of leptin by the short leptin receptor isoform ObRa in madin-darby canine kidney cells","volume":"141","author":"Hileman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.3.8669","article-title":"Characterizaton of short isoforms of the leptin receptor in rat cerebral microvessels and of brain uptake of leptin in mouse models of obesity","volume":"143","author":"Hileman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2013.07.007","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of an induced mutation of the ObRa isoform of the leptin receptor","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00610-z","article-title":"Glial cells as integrators of peripheral and central signals in the regulation of energy homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Nampoothiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22273","article-title":"Differential distribution of tight junction proteins suggests a role for tanycytes in blood-hypothalamus barrier regulation in the adult mouse brain","volume":"518","author":"Mullier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.015","article-title":"Hypothalamic tanycytes are an ERK-gated conduit for leptin into the brain","volume":"19","author":"Balland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00432-5","article-title":"Leptin brain entry via a tanycytic LepR-EGFR shuttle controls lipid metabolism and pancreas function","volume":"3","author":"Duquenne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00499-0","article-title":"Insulin signalling in tanycytes gates hypothalamic insulin uptake and regulation of AgRP neuron activity","volume":"3","author":"Kumar M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.06.002","article-title":"Tanycytes control hypothalamic liraglutide uptake and its anti-obesity actions","volume":"34","author":"Imbernon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1362-8","article-title":"Evidence supporting a role for the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier transporting circulating ghrelin into the brain","volume":"56","author":"Uriarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111449","article-title":"Circulating ghrelin crosses the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier via growth hormone secretagogue receptor dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"538","author":"Uriarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.09.007","article-title":"Ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier can occur independently of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor","volume":"18","author":"Rhea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-276519","article-title":"Prolactin transport into mouse brain is independent of prolactin receptor","volume":"30","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00035","article-title":"The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of receptor activation, cell signaling, and physiological aspects","volume":"9","author":"Dehkhoda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90651-Q","article-title":"The distribution of lactogen receptors in the mammalian hypothalamus: an in vitro autoradiographic analysis of the rabbit and rat","volume":"530","author":"Walsh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1221-1","article-title":"Distribution of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse brain","volume":"222","author":"Furigo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.03.001","article-title":"Hypothalamic growth hormone receptor (GHR) controls hepatic glucose production in nutrient-sensing leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing neurons","volume":"6","author":"Cady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.147189","article-title":"Distribution of growth hormone-responsive cells in the brain of rats and mice","volume":"1751","author":"Wasinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010129","article-title":"Central regulation of metabolism by growth hormone","volume":"10","author":"Donato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4495","article-title":"A molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.4.8625906","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y neurons by growth hormone in the rat","volume":"137","author":"Chan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.5.8612554","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor gene is expressed in neuropeptide Y neurons in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats","volume":"137","author":"Kamegai","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08607-1","article-title":"Growth hormone regulates neuroendocrine responses to weight loss via AgRP neurons","volume":"10","author":"Furigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab097","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab097","article-title":"Ghrelin-induced food intake, but not GH secretion, requires the expression of the GH receptor in the brain of male mice","volume":"162","author":"Wasinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00726-4","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor (GHR) in AgRP neurons regulates thermogenesis in a sex-specific manner","volume":"45","author":"Stilgenbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.037","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor deletion reduces the density of axonal projections from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons","volume":"434","author":"Wasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0587","article-title":"Permeation of growth hormone across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"146","author":"Pan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11546","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911546","article-title":"Growth Hormone (GH) Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and induces neuroprotective effects in the embryonic chicken cerebellum after a hypoxic injury","volume":"23","author":"Baltazar-Lara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7124","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05453","article-title":"Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain","volume":"445","author":"Lein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00657-y","article-title":"HypoMap-a unified single-cell gene expression atlas of the murine hypothalamus","volume":"4","author":"Steuernagel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2531-19.2020","article-title":"Tyrosine hydroxylase neurons regulate growth hormone secretion via short-loop negative feedback","volume":"40","author":"Wasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqac045","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac045","article-title":"Effects of the isolated and combined ablation of growth hormone and IGF-1 receptors in somatostatin neurons","volume":"163","author":"Chaves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqac103","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac103","article-title":"Ablation of growth hormone receptor in GABAergic neurons leads to increased pulsatile growth hormone secretion","volume":"163","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqac151","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac151","article-title":"Increased GH secretion and body growth in mice carrying ablation of IGF-1 receptor in GH-releasing hormone cells","volume":"163","author":"Gusmao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/01971528608060461","article-title":"Influence of chloramine T iodination on the biological and immunological activity or the molecular radius of the human growth hormone molecule","volume":"7","author":"Bartolini","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunoassay"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41181-022-00165-0","article-title":"Synthesis of a 2-nitroimidazole derivative N-(4-[(18)F]fluorobenzyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-acetamide ([(18) F]FBNA) as PET radiotracer for imaging tumor hypoxia","volume":"7","author":"Nario","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25017","article-title":"Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","volume":"529","author":"Quaresma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"40","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0254-23.2023","article-title":"Growth hormone action in somatostatin neurons regulates anxiety and fear memory","volume":"43","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.10.003","article-title":"Distribution of growth hormone receptor mRNA in the brain stem and spinal cord of the rat","volume":"130","author":"Kastrup","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118229","article-title":"Cholinergic neurons in the hypothalamus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus are directly responsive to growth hormone","volume":"259","author":"Quaresma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00032","article-title":"Development of the choroid plexus and blood-CSF barrier","volume":"9","author":"Liddelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91485-J","article-title":"Characterization of putative growth hormone receptors in human choroid plexus","volume":"546","author":"Lai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1097","article-title":"The forgotten lactogenic activity of growth hormone: important implications for rodent studies","volume":"156","author":"Bartke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23355","article-title":"Tanycyte-like cells form a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the circumventricular organs of the mouse brain","volume":"521","author":"Langlet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0655","article-title":"Differential accessibility of circulating leptin to individual hypothalamic sites","volume":"148","author":"Faouzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.05.001","article-title":"Control of feeding behavior by cerebral ventricular volume transmission of melanin-concentrating hormone","volume":"28","author":"Noble","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"147","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqad154","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad154","article-title":"Ghrelin action in the PVH of male mice: accessibility, neuronal targets, and CRH neurons activation","volume":"164","author":"Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.050","article-title":"Possible crosstalk between leptin and prolactin during pregnancy","volume":"259","author":"Nagaishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.04.018","article-title":"Prolactin-sensitive neurons express estrogen receptor-alpha and depend on sex hormones for normal responsiveness to prolactin","volume":"1566","author":"Furigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40970","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40970","article-title":"Long-term consequences of the absence of leptin signaling in early life","volume":"8","author":"Ramos-Lobo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220159","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-22-0159","article-title":"Understanding the role of growth hormone in situations of metabolic stress","volume":"256","author":"Tavares","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.004","article-title":"Tanycytic VEGF-A boosts blood-hypothalamus barrier plasticity and access of metabolic signals to the arcuate nucleus in response to fasting","volume":"17","author":"Langlet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238589","article-title":"Characterization of lactogen binding sites in choroid plexus","volume":"49","author":"Posner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"s406","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13433.x","article-title":"Characterization of growth hormone binding sites in rat brain","volume":"406","author":"Zhai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2967","article-title":"Bayesian approach to single-cell differential expression analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kharchenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(86)90043-4","article-title":"The external layer of the median eminence: a neurovascular synapse","volume":"9","author":"Fink","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12957","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12957","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor in dopaminergic neurones regulates stress-induced prolactin release in male mice","volume":"33","author":"Wasinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00417-0","article-title":"Studies of cerebrospinal fluid flow and penetration into brain following lateral ventricle and cisterna magna injections of the tracer [14C]inulin in rat","volume":"95","author":"Proescholdt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-3-235","article-title":"The prolactin\/growth hormone receptor family","volume":"12","author":"Kelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B69","first-page":"385","article-title":"Sequence-function relationships within the expanding family of prolactin, growth hormone, placental lactogen, and related proteins in mammals","volume":"17","author":"Goffin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22219","article-title":"Distribution of leptin-sensitive cells in the postnatal and adult mouse brain","volume":"518","author":"Caron","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420200310600_bqae057-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22025","article-title":"Leptin targets in the mouse brain","volume":"514","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqae057\/57505583\/bqae057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/165\/7\/bqae057\/58358676\/bqae057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/165\/7\/bqae057\/58358676\/bqae057.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:39:43Z","timestamp":1776213583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqae057\/7668375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqae057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"article-number":"bqae057"}}