{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:24:24Z","timestamp":1787505864849,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN IP3-150711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN IP3-150711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN 156239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 156239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The adrenal glands play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, immune system function, and response to stress through the secretion of hormones. Despite their critical functions, the adrenal glands are often overlooked in studies on the effects of potential toxicants. Research across human, animal, and in vitro studies has identified more than 60 compounds that can induce adrenocortical toxicity. These compounds, known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are natural or synthetic substances that interfere with the endocrine system. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects of 4 major families of EDCs\u2014flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and microplastics\u2014on the function of the adrenal glands. The PubMed database was searched for studies reporting the effects of the chemicals in these 4 families on the adrenal glands. There is clear evidence that the morphology and function of the adrenal gland are affected, particularly through disrupting the steroidogenic pathway. Additionally, some EDCs have been shown to exert transgenerational effects, raising further concerns about their long-term effect. However, most EDCs have not been thoroughly evaluated for their effects on the function of the adrenal glands, especially in human studies. Thus, developing regulatory testing guideline to include the adrenal glands in the screening of EDCs is urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T15:24:36Z","timestamp":1741015476000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Adrenal Function"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Robaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1422","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and public health protection: a statement of principles from The Endocrine Society","volume":"153","author":"Zoeller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B2","article-title":"Endocrine Disruptors: from Scientific Evidence to Human Health Protection","author":"European Parliament"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-021921-093352","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and child health","volume":"62","author":"Ghassabian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010","article-title":"EDC-2: the Endocrine society's second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals","volume":"36","author":"Gore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B5","article-title":"Endocrine Disruptors","author":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B6","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society position statement","author":"Endocrine Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30129-7","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for human health","volume":"8","author":"Kahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13748","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: mainstream recognition of health effects and implications for the practicing internist","volume":"295","author":"Trasande","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(84)90224-0","article-title":"The effects of drugs and chemicals on the structure of the adrenal gland","volume":"4","author":"Ribelin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B10","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The Adrenal in Toxicology","author":"Harvey","year":"1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03287-1","article-title":"Adverse drug reaction management in hospital settings: review on practice variations, quality indicators and education focus","volume":"78","author":"Aung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B12","first-page":"53","volume-title":"The Adrenal in Toxicology: Target Organ and Modulator of Toxicity","author":"Raven","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B13","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology","author":"Hinson","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.0142","article-title":"Comparative disposition of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile: quantitative whole-body autoradiographic studies in rats","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(88)90028-2","article-title":"Metabolic activation and toxicity of a DDT metabolite, 3-methyl-sulphonyl-DDE, in the adrenal zona fasciculata in mice","volume":"65","author":"Lund","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"8-9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(87)90147-0","article-title":"PCB methyl sulphones and related compounds: identification of target cells and tissues in different species","volume":"16","author":"Brandt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2003.09.004","article-title":"Effects of dietary soy and estrous cycle on adrenal cytochrome p450 1B1 expression and DMBA metabolism in adrenal glands and livers in female Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"146","author":"Fu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600570040","article-title":"Antioxidant protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by mitochondrial p450 systems in steroidogenic cells","volume":"38","author":"Hanukoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177300","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to synthetic chemicals in relation to HPA axis activity: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature","volume":"956","author":"Pande","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03076-x","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands","volume":"78","author":"Egalini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.896","article-title":"The adrenal cortex and steroidogenesis as cellular and molecular targets for toxicity: critical omissions from regulatory endocrine disrupter screening strategies for human health?","volume":"23","author":"Harvey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2005.09.003","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals as modulators of sex steroid synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Whitehead","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.07.020","article-title":"Mechanisms of arsenic disruption on gonadal, adrenal and thyroid endocrine systems in humans: a review","volume":"95","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9100243","article-title":"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the adrenal gland: from toxicity to endocrine disruption","volume":"9","author":"Timokhina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153846","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of atrazine and its underlying mechanisms","volume":"505","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B26","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors","author":"Gubbi","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2198-9307","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors: focus on the adrenal cortex","volume":"56","author":"P\u00f6tzl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B29","first-page":"1","article-title":"NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of tricresyl phosphate (CAS No. 1330-78-5) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage and feed studies)","volume":"433","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"1994","journal-title":"Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B30","first-page":"1","article-title":"NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (CAS No. 78-42-2) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies)","volume":"274","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"1984","journal-title":"Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B31","volume-title":"NTP Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity Technical Report on the Modified One-Generation Study of Bisphenol AF (CASRN 1478-61-1) Administered in Feed to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley\u00ae SD\u00ae) Rats with Prenatal, Reproductive Performance, and Subchronic Assessments in F1 Offspring. DART Report 08","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.067","article-title":"Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis","volume":"88","author":"van der Veen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2010.25.4.261","article-title":"Halogenated flame retardants: do the fire safety benefits justify the risks?","volume":"25","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00225-9","article-title":"An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment","volume":"46","author":"de Wit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00113-2","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the North American environment","volume":"29","author":"Hale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.05.007","article-title":"In vitro effects of brominated flame retardants and metabolites on CYP17 catalytic activity: a novel mechanism of action?","volume":"216","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1897\/06-388R1.1","article-title":"Effects of brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins on steroidogenesis in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi325","article-title":"Inhibition and induction of aromatase (CYP19) activity by brominated flame retardants in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells","volume":"88","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.11.011","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiling of two hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells","volume":"185","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.01.032","article-title":"Effects of fifteen PBDE metabolites, DE71, DE79 and TBBPA on steroidogenesis in the H295R cell line","volume":"71","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.12.001","article-title":"Effects of 20 PBDE metabolites on steroidogenesis in the H295R cell line","volume":"176","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.09.009","article-title":"In vitro endocrine disruption and TCDD-like effects of three novel brominated flame retardants: TBPH, TBB, & TBCO","volume":"223","author":"Saunders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113206","article-title":"Integrated assessment of endocrine disrupting potential of four novel brominated flame retardants","volume":"232","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2010.06.019","article-title":"Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging demonstrates the specific localization of deca-bromo-diphenyl-ether residues in the ovaries and adrenal glands of exposed rats","volume":"21","author":"Seyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2016.1250180","article-title":"The biological fate of decabromodiphenyl ethane following oral, dermal or intravenous administration","volume":"47","author":"Knudsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2016.1174793","article-title":"Disposition of the emerging brominated flame retardant, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, in female Sprague Dawley rats: effects of dose, route and repeated administration","volume":"47","author":"Knudsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00015-7","article-title":"The disposition and metabolism of tetrabromobisphenol-A after a single i.p. dose in the rat","volume":"45","author":"Szyma\u0144ska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7823275","article-title":"EM changes and other toxic effects of firemaster BP-6 (polybrominated biphenyls) in the mouse","volume":"23","author":"Corbett","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.04.004","article-title":"Tissue localisation of tetra- and pentabromodiphenyl ether congeners (BDE-47, -85 and -99) in perinatal and adult C57BL mice","volume":"62","author":"Darnerud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.10.032","article-title":"Metabolism, tissue disposition, and excretion of 1,2\u2013bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) in male Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"54","author":"Hakk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab160","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab160","article-title":"Adrenal corticosteroid perturbation by the endocrine disruptor BDE-47 in a human adrenocortical cell line and male rats","volume":"162","author":"Dungar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.12.016","article-title":"A 28-day oral dose toxicity study enhanced to detect endocrine effects of a purified technical pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE) mixture in Wistar rats","volume":"245","author":"van der Ven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"21-22","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903320742","article-title":"Effects of gestational exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether on reproductive parameters, thyroid hormone levels, and neuronal development in Sprague-Dawley rats offspring","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00123","article-title":"4-Bromodiphenyl ether causes adrenal gland dysfunction in rats during puberty","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.9b00582","article-title":"Organophosphate ester flame retardants: are they a regrettable substitution for polybrominated diphenyl ethers?","volume":"6","author":"Blum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124701","article-title":"Concentrations and loadings of organophosphate and replacement brominated flame retardants in house dust from the home study during the PBDE phase-out","volume":"239","author":"Percy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105348","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organophosphate esters flame retardants in play mats from China and the exposure risks for children","volume":"135","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.06.003","article-title":"Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants in human hair and nails","volume":"1406","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.171","article-title":"Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in human placenta in Eastern China","volume":"554\u2013555","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5803","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01237","article-title":"Potential glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects of nine organophosphate flame retardants","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113069","article-title":"Comparison of the mechanisms of estrogen disrupting effects between triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)","volume":"229","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.02.019","article-title":"Endocrine disruption potentials of organophosphate flame retardants and related mechanisms in H295R and MVLN cell lines and in zebrafish","volume":"114\u2013115","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqad119","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad119","article-title":"The organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers affect H295R adrenal cell phenotypes and functions","volume":"164","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqae024","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqae024","article-title":"Impact of exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters on adrenal cell phenotype, lipidome, and function","volume":"165","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339402200401","article-title":"Pathologic effects of butylated triphenyl phosphate-based hydraulic fluid and tricresyl phosphate on the adrenal gland, ovary, and testis in the fischer-344 rat","volume":"22","author":"Latendresse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200408","article-title":"Toxic effects of butylated triphenyl phosphate-based hydraulic fluid and tricresyl phosphate in female F344 rats","volume":"32","author":"Latendresse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1197","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cholesteryl lipidosis of adrenocortical and ovarian interstitial cells in F344 rats caused by tricresyl phosphate and butylated triphenyl phosphate","volume":"122","author":"Latendresse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581819851502","article-title":"Toxicity of flame retardant isopropylated triphenyl phosphate: liver, adrenal, and metabolic effects","volume":"38","author":"Wade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4316","article-title":"Toxicological effects of Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate exposure in adult male rats differ depending on the history of exposure in the neonatal period","volume":"42","author":"Akimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae154","article-title":"Impact of exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters on the adrenal glands of Sprague Dawley rats","author":"Li","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143836","article-title":"Association between urinary organophosphate flame retardant diesters and steroid hormones: a metabolomic study on type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and controls","volume":"756","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B72","article-title":"Bisphenol A (BPA)","author":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13267","article-title":"Neurological effects of bisphenol A and its analogues","volume":"12","author":"Inadera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666190726112101","article-title":"Neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA","volume":"17","author":"Santoro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13071-w","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the carcinogenic potential of bisphenol A: clues and evidence","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142521","article-title":"The association between bisphenol A exposure and obesity in children-A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B77","article-title":"Bisphenol A (BPA) in Canadians","author":"Health Canada"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B78","article-title":"Bisphenol A (BPA): Use in Food Contact Application","author":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B79","article-title":"Bisphenols","author":"European Chemicals Agency"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.01.002","article-title":"Endocrine activity of alternatives to BPA found in thermal paper in Switzerland","volume":"71","author":"Goldinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr061","article-title":"Bisphenol A disrupts steroidogenesis in human H295R cells","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387133","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1387133","article-title":"Disruptive effects of plasticizers bisphenol A, F, and S on steroidogenesis of adrenocortical cells","volume":"15","author":"P\u00f6tzl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.081","article-title":"Effects of bisphenol analogues on steroidogenic gene expression and hormone synthesis in H295R cells","volume":"147","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113982","article-title":"Fluorene-9-bisphenol regulates steroidogenic hormone synthesis in H295R cells through the AC\/cAMP\/PKA signaling pathway","volume":"243","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B85","first-page":"3","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of BPA and related bisphenols on membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and steroidogenesis of H295R cells in vitro","volume":"14","author":"\u0160tefunkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27574","article-title":"Bisphenol A stimulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression via an unknown mechanism in adrenal cortical cells","volume":"120","author":"Medwid","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv162","article-title":"Low-dose bisphenol A activates Cyp11a1 gene expression and corticosterone secretion in adrenal gland via the JNK signaling pathway","volume":"148","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.12.001","article-title":"Profiling of bisphenol A and eight its analogues on transcriptional activity via human nuclear receptors","volume":"413","author":"Kojima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00159-X","article-title":"Inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter function in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells by bisphenol A","volume":"65","author":"Toyohira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0556","article-title":"Stimulation of catecholamine synthesis by environmental estrogenic pollutants","volume":"146","author":"Yanagihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1148-5","article-title":"Bisphenol S triggers the migration and invasion of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells via estrogen-related receptor \u03b1","volume":"66","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-4024-5","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates bisphenol A-induced toxicity of the adrenal gland of Wistar rats","volume":"26","author":"Olukole","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.02.018","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to low-dose of bisphenol A causes anxiety-like alteration in adrenal axis regulation and behaviors of rat offspring: a potential role for metabotropic glutamate 2\/3 receptors","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.02.051","article-title":"Corticosterone-regulated actions in the rat brain are affected by perinatal exposure to low dose of bisphenol A","volume":"167","author":"Poimenova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.03.014","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A disrupts adrenal steroidogenesis in adult mouse offspring","volume":"43","author":"Medwid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz226","article-title":"Juvenile toxicity rodent model to study toxicological effects of bisphenol A (BPA) at dose levels derived from Italian children biomonitoring study","volume":"173","author":"Tassinari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/68.1.121","article-title":"Three-generation reproductive toxicity study of dietary bisphenol A in CD Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"68","author":"Tyl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfad046","article-title":"Genetic background in the rat affects endocrine and metabolic outcomes of bisphenol F exposure","volume":"194","author":"Wagner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02502-2","article-title":"Nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas may be related to bisphenol-A","volume":"71","author":"Eker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.09.007","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A is associated with dysregulation of HPA-axis function in pregnant women: findings from the APrON cohort study","volume":"151","author":"Giesbrecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0259-8","article-title":"Prenatal bisphenol a exposure and dysregulation of infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function: findings from the APrON cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Giesbrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.093","article-title":"Bisphenol A and reproductive hormones and cortisol in peripubertal boys: the INMA-Granada cohort","volume":"618","author":"Mustieles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B103","article-title":"Phthalates","author":"Health Canada"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12760","DOI":"10.1021\/es503583j","article-title":"High throughput heuristics for prioritizing human exposure to environmental chemicals","volume":"48","author":"Wambaugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12048","article-title":"Analysis of selected phthalates in Canadian indoor dust collected using household vacuum and standardized sampling techniques","volume":"23","author":"Kubwabo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1510803","article-title":"Recent fast food consumption and bisphenol A and phthalates exposures among the U.S. population in NHANES, 2003\u20132010","volume":"124","author":"Zota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2015.1079742","article-title":"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and 20 phthalates in composite food samples from the 2013 Canadian Total Diet Study","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00029","article-title":"Mechanisms mediating environmental chemical-induced endocrine disruption in the adrenal gland","volume":"6","author":"Martinez-Arguelles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12175","article-title":"Prenatal phthalate exposure: epigenetic changes leading to lifelong impact on steroid formation","volume":"4","author":"Martinez-Arguelles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114616","article-title":"Neonatal di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure induces permanent alterations in secretory CRH neuron characteristics in the hypothalamus paraventricular region of adult male rats","volume":"372","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.03.004","article-title":"Effects of citrate ester plasticizers and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the OECD 28-day repeated-dose toxicity test (OECD TG 407)","volume":"172","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2021.25.4.257","article-title":"A chronic-low-dose exposing of DEHP with OECD TG 443 altered the histological characteristics and steroidogenic gene expression of adrenal gland in female mice","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Reprod"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.05.004","article-title":"Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) induces nuclear receptor 4A subfamily in NCI-H295R cells: a possible mechanism of aromatase suppression by MEHP","volume":"274","author":"Noda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264238","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2023.1264238","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and\/or diethylhexyl phthalate alters stress responses in rat offspring in a sex- and dose-dependent manner","volume":"5","author":"Kaimal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138500","article-title":"Effects of fast food packaging plasticizers and their metabolites on steroid hormone synthesis in H295R cells","volume":"726","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.08.008","article-title":"Alteration of sex hormone levels and steroidogenic pathway by several low molecular weight phthalates and their metabolites in male zebrafish (Danio rerio) and\/or human adrenal cell (H295R) line","volume":"320","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"19","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193029","article-title":"Di-n-Butyl phthalate and its monoester metabolite impairs steroid hormone biosynthesis in human cells: mechanistic in vitro studies","volume":"11","author":"K\u00e4llsten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(01)00089-8","article-title":"Effect of phthalate esters and alkylphenols on steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical H295R cells","volume":"10","author":"Nakajin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.11.009","article-title":"miRNA-200c mediates mono-butyl phthalate-disrupted steroidogenesis by targeting vimentin in Leydig tumor cells and murine adrenocortical tumor cells","volume":"241","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3792","article-title":"In vitro and in silico hormonal activity studies of di-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate, a di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate substitute used in medical devices, and its metabolites","volume":"39","author":"Kambia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9466","article-title":"Phthalates suppress the calcium signaling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells","volume":"183","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(02)00154-7","article-title":"Butyl benzyl phthalate blocks Ca2+ signaling and catecholamine secretion coupled with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.09.012","article-title":"Butyl benzyl phthalate blocks Ca2+ signaling coupled with purinoceptor in rat PC12 cells","volume":"210","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.042382","article-title":"Differential steroidogenic gene expression in the fetal adrenal gland versus the testis and rapid and dynamic response of the fetal testis to di(n-butyl) phthalate","volume":"73","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23607","article-title":"Effects of bis (2-butoxyethyl) phthalate on adrenocortical function in male rats in puberty partially via down-regulating NR5A1\/NR4A1\/NR4A2 pathways","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23743","article-title":"Exposure to dipentyl phthalate in utero disrupts the adrenal cortex function of adult male rats by inhibiting SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 and inducing AMPK phosphorylation","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"48","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03401","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and steroid hormones in maternal hair samples from the SEPAGES cohort","volume":"57","author":"Mustieles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.12.124","article-title":"Prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure and disruption of adrenal androgens and glucocorticoids levels in cord blood: the Hokkaido Study","volume":"581\u2013582","author":"Araki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.09.037","article-title":"Associations between repeated measures of maternal urinary phthalate metabolites during pregnancy and cord blood glucocorticoids","volume":"121","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad198","article-title":"Evaluating mixtures of urinary phthalate metabolites and serum per-\/polyfluoroalkyl substances in relation to adolescent hair cortisol: the HOME Study","volume":"193","author":"Sears","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1284","article-title":"Urinary phthalates from 168 girls and boys measured twice a year during a 5-year period: associations with adrenal androgen levels and puberty","volume":"98","author":"Mouritsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B132","article-title":"Microplastic Research","author":"Environmental Protection Agency"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2024.105938","article-title":"Effects of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics on androgen- and estrogen receptor activity and steroidogenesis in vitro","volume":"101","author":"van Boxel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117528","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics disrupt adrenal steroid synthesis in male mice via mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"290","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116499","article-title":"Melatonin counteracts polyethylene microplastics induced adreno-cortical damage in male albino rats","volume":"279","author":"Farag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031407423515300_bqaf045-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050","article-title":"Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses","volume":"33","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf045\/62307860\/bqaf045.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/166\/4\/bqaf045\/62307860\/bqaf045.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/166\/4\/bqaf045\/62307860\/bqaf045.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T03:43:47Z","timestamp":1741923827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf045\/8058667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"article-number":"bqaf045"}}