{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:09:15Z","timestamp":1785337755200,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD097096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD097096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD108156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD108156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mutations in the pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1 are the most common known cause of hypopituitarism in humans. Prop1 is the first pituitary-specific gene in the hierarchy of transcription factors that regulate pituitary development. It is essential for regulating the transition of pituitary stem cells to hormone-producing cells in an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition process. It is also critical for activation of the lineage specific transcription factor POU1F1 in early organogenesis. Prop1-deficient mice have pituitary dysmorphology and lack the cells that produce growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL). Prop1 is expressed in stem cells postnatally, but it is not known whether postnatal expression is necessary for completion of pituitary gland growth or organ maintenance. We tested whether PROP1 has a role in postnatal pituitary development by generating a conditional allele and deleting a crucial exon after birth. We determined that postnatal expression of Prop1 is important for appropriate expansion of the POU1F1 lineage and for robust expression of TSH, GH, and PRL in the early postnatal period. However, by 2 weeks of age, compensatory proliferation of committed POU1F1-expressing cells, but not SOX2-expressing stem cells, have normalized pituitary function. Thus, PROP1 appears to be dispensable after birth in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T16:10:41Z","timestamp":1741277441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of PROP1 in Postnatal Pituitary Gland Maturation"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7629-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Helen","family":"Winningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve Camper","family":"Rhoads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9505-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Lynn","family":"Brinkmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1729-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Alexis","family":"Vishnopolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology, Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires , City of Buenos Aires, CABA CE1428EHA ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob Otto","family":"Kitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8556-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally Ann","family":"Camper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5618 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ines","family":"Perez-Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Translational Biology, Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires , City of Buenos Aires, CABA CE1428EHA ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0055-5","article-title":"Genetics of septo-optic dysplasia","volume":"10","author":"Kelberman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32833f56d5","article-title":"Holoprosencephaly: recommendations for diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Kauvar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E694","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2938","article-title":"Genetic overlap in Kallmann syndrome, combined pituitary hormone deficiency, and septo-optic dysplasia","volume":"97","author":"Raivio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1045","article-title":"Discovering genes essential to the hypothalamic regulation of human reproduction using a human disease model: adjusting to life in the \u201c-omics\u201d era","volume":"36","author":"Stamou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab177","article-title":"Comprehensive identification of pathogenic gene variants in patients with neuroendocrine disorders","volume":"106","author":"Vishnopolska","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002999","article-title":"Cdon mutation and fetal ethanol exposure synergize to produce midline signaling defects and holoprosencephaly spectrum disorders in mice","volume":"8","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2003.tb01022.x","article-title":"The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in craniofacial morphogenesis: holoprosencephaly and the role of cholesterol","volume":"43","author":"Edison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Congenit Anom (Kyoto)"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2015.12.010","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions and the etiology of birth defects","volume":"116","author":"Krauss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.026328","article-title":"Gli2 gene-environment interactions contribute to the etiological complexity of holoprosencephaly: evidence from a mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Heyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B10","first-page":"139","article-title":"Impact of retinoic acid exposure on midfacial shape variation and manifestation of holoprosencephaly in Twsg1 mutant mice","volume":"8","author":"Billington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.3.990-1001.2006","article-title":"TGIF inhibits retinoid signaling","volume":"26","author":"Bartholin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80507-X","article-title":"Autosomal dominant transmission of isolated growth hormone deficiency in iris-dental dysplasia (Rieger's syndrome)","volume":"85","author":"Sadeghi-Nejad","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0426","article-title":"Novel HESX1 mutations associated with a life-threatening neonatal phenotype, pituitary aplasia, but normally located posterior pituitary and no optic nerve abnormalities","volume":"91","author":"Sobrier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.046","article-title":"Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination","volume":"125","author":"Olson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6607","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/384327a0","article-title":"Pituitary lineage determination by the Prophet of Pit-1 homeodomain factor defective in Ames dwarfism","volume":"384","author":"Sornson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12849","article-title":"Frequency of genetic defects in combined pituitary hormone deficiency: a systematic review and analysis of a multicentre Italian cohort","volume":"83","author":"De Rienzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3090","article-title":"High prevalence of PROP1 defects in Lithuania: phenotypic findings in an ethnically homogenous cohort of patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Navardauskaite","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0298-147","article-title":"Mutations in PROP1 cause familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.1.39","article-title":"Heterozygous HESX1 mutations associated with isolated congenital pituitary hypoplasia and septo-optic dysplasia","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"23","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.932601","article-title":"Temporal regulation of a paired-like homeodomain repressor\/TLE corepressor complex and a related activator is required for pituitary organogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Dasen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0359","article-title":"Corepressors TLE1 and TLE3 interact with HESX1 and PROP1","volume":"24","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.8472","article-title":"The Pit-1 gene is regulated by distinct early and late pituitary-specific enhancers","volume":"182","author":"DiMattia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14470","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14470","article-title":"PROP1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process in pituitary stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Perez Millan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqad016","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad016","article-title":"Pituitary stem cell regulation by Zeb2 and BMP signaling","volume":"164","author":"Winningham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3910","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00750","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals novel markers of male pituitary stem cells and hormone-producing cell types","volume":"159","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707886105","article-title":"SOX2-expressing progenitor cells generate all of the major cell types in the adult mouse pituitary gland","volume":"105","author":"Fauquier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.07.004","article-title":"Sox2(+) stem\/progenitor cells in the adult mouse pituitary support organ homeostasis and have tumor-inducing potential","volume":"13","author":"Andoniadou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.07.006","article-title":"Mobilized adult pituitary stem cells contribute to endocrine regeneration in response to physiological demand","volume":"13","author":"Rizzoti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1741","article-title":"Regeneration in the pituitary after cell-ablation injury: time-related aspects and molecular analysis","volume":"157","author":"Willems","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.11.1141","article-title":"Persistent Prop1 expression delays gonadotrope differentiation and enhances pituitary tumor susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"Cushman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0341","article-title":"Role of PROP1 in pituitary gland growth","volume":"19","author":"Ward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.1.151","article-title":"Anterior pituitary cells defective in the cell-autonomous factor, df, undergo cell lineage specification but not expansion","volume":"122","author":"Gage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504754","article-title":"Gonadotropin secretion, synthesis, and gene expression in human growth hormone transgenic mice and in Ames dwarf mice","volume":"132","author":"Tang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh311","article-title":"Pituitary hypoplasia and respiratory distress syndrome in Prop1 knockout mice","volume":"13","author":"Nasonkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028355","article-title":"Aged PROP1 deficient dwarf mice maintain ACTH production","volume":"6","author":"Nasonkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B36","first-page":"390","article-title":"Impaired adrenocorticotropin-adrenal axis in combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by a two-base pair deletion (301-302delAG) in the prophet of Pit-1 gene","volume":"85","author":"Pernasetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0661","article-title":"PROP1 mutations cause progressive deterioration of anterior pituitary function including adrenal insufficiency: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"89","author":"Bottner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11791-9","article-title":"Pioneer and nonpioneer factor cooperation drives lineage specific chromatin opening","volume":"10","author":"Mayran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B39","first-page":"2376","article-title":"SOX2 is sequentially required for progenitor proliferation and lineage specification in the developing pituitary","volume":"143","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1998.00191.x","article-title":"Anterior pituitary cell population control: basal cell turnover and the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment","volume":"10","author":"Nolan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43996","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43996","article-title":"Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS\/YAP\/TAZ cascade","volume":"8","author":"Lodge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59142","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59142","article-title":"Pituitary stem cells produce paracrine WNT signals to control the expansion of their descendant progenitor cells","volume":"10","author":"Russell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5016","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1677216","article-title":"Function of the homeodomain protein GHF1 in pituitary cell proliferation","volume":"253","author":"Castrillo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092063","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1092063","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is dispensable in pituitary normal development and homeostasis but needed for pituitary stem cell activation following local injury","volume":"13","author":"Laporte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0597","article-title":"Efficient recombination in diverse tissues by a tamoxifen-inducible form of Cre: a tool for temporally regulated gene activation\/inactivation in the mouse","volume":"244","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02829","article-title":"Lack of the murine homeobox gene Hesx1 leads to a posterior transformation of the anterior forebrain","volume":"134","author":"Andoniadou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9989","article-title":"Autonomous transition into meiosis of mouse fetal germ cells in vitro and its inhibition by gp130-mediated signaling","volume":"229","author":"Chuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B49","first-page":"1570","article-title":"The Ames dwarf gene, df, is required early in pituitary ontogeny for the extinction of Rpx transcription and initiation of lineage-specific cell proliferation","volume":"10","author":"Gage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1177\/42.8.8027530","article-title":"In situ hybridization analysis of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression during fetal mouse development","volume":"42","author":"Japon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318674","article-title":"Cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary of the rat during the postnatal period","volume":"261","author":"Carbajo-Perez","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-002-0271-8","article-title":"Proliferation and differentiation of rat anterior pituitary cells","volume":"206","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62156-7","article-title":"Development and heterogeneity of prolactin cells","volume":"157","author":"Takahashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11894-3","article-title":"Pituitary cell translation and secretory capacities are enhanced cell autonomously by the transcription factor Creb3l2","volume":"10","author":"Khetchoumian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"40","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2410269121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2410269121","article-title":"Paracrine FGF1 signaling directs pituitary architecture and size","volume":"121","author":"Khetchoumian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6434","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/364208a0","article-title":"Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth","volume":"364","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.14.1.0404","article-title":"Requirement of thyrotropin-releasing hormone for the postnatal functions of pituitary thyrotrophs: ontogeny study of congenital tertiary hypothyroidism in mice","volume":"14","author":"Shibusawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(03)00057-2","article-title":"Paracrine control of lactotrope proliferation and differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Denef","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072505322311400_bqaf047-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0409","article-title":"Cell proliferation and vascularization in mouse models of pituitary hormone deficiency","volume":"20","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf047\/62308600\/bqaf047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/166\/9\/bqaf047\/62308600\/bqaf047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/166\/9\/bqaf047\/62308600\/bqaf047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:32:35Z","timestamp":1753435955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf047\/8058756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"article-number":"bqaf047"}}