{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:01:30Z","timestamp":1784523690611,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-22-CE14-0026-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE14-0026-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The postnatal period of mouse development is critical for the maturation of many organs and fine tuning of hormonal feedback loops. These developmental transformations are necessary to allow the transition from a suckling pup to an independent life but they also determine the metabolic features of the adult. Thyroid hormones are key hormones that control these postnatal events. However, the impact of a short-term exposure to maternal hypothyroidism during the perinatal period on the metabolic outcome of the descendants was not clearly established. We used a new protocol to obtain animals exposed to maternal hypothyroidism only during gestation or only during their 2 first postnatal weeks. The developmental and the long-term consequences of these 2 short perinatal periods of hypothyroidism were assessed. Animals born from hypothyroid mothers did not show developmental delays. As adults, they were indistinguishable from the controls and could adequately face metabolic stresses such as exposure to a high-fat diet or cold temperature. In contrast, pups exposed to maternal hypothyroidism during lactation presented delayed growth and remained leaner than the controls. The expression of genes involved in different metabolic pathways in liver or brown adipose tissues were affected both during development and in adults. The adults were also more sensitive to diet induced obesity and to cold exposure. In conclusion, in mice, severe hypothyroidism in the pregnant dam is not detrimental for postnatal development or metabolic programing of the pups. In contrast postnatal hypothyroidism leads to developmental delays and long-lasting metabolic dysregulation in otherwise euthyroid animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqag072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:57:59Z","timestamp":1782302279000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postnatal exposure to maternal hypothyroidism leads to developmental delay and metabolic dysregulations in male mice"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Anouk","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, UCBL Lyon-1 , Lyon 69007 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Sallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, UCBL Lyon-1 , Lyon 69007 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, UCBL Lyon-1 , Lyon 69007 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2020","article-title":"Developmental origins of metabolic diseases","volume":"101","author":"Hoffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0240-4","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors and obesity","volume":"6","author":"Darbre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-22-0225","article-title":"Thyroid hormone as a temporal switch in mouse development","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1106","article-title":"Role of thyroid hormones in skeletal development and bone maintenance","volume":"37","author":"Bassett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.14.4761-4772.2001","article-title":"Functional interference between thyroid hormone receptor \u03b1 (TR\u03b1) and natural truncated TR\u0394\u03b1 isoforms in the control of intestine development","volume":"21","author":"Plateroti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0511","article-title":"Absence of thyroid hormone activation during development underlies a permanent defect in adaptive thermogenesis","volume":"151","author":"Hall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0598-87","article-title":"Follicular cells of the thyroid gland require Pax8 gene function","volume":"19","author":"Mansouri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-97-5-1321","article-title":"Development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the neonatal rat","volume":"97","author":"Dussault","year":"1975","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7902-8_1","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptors: several players for one hormone and multiple functions","volume":"1801","author":"Samarut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11444","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911444","article-title":"An atlas of thyroid hormone receptors\u2019 target genes in mouse tissues","volume":"23","author":"Zekri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00043-7","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptors: lessons from knockout and knock-in mutant mice","volume":"14","author":"Flamant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.3.623","article-title":"Different functions for the thyroid hormone receptors TR\u03b1 and TR\u03b2 in the control of thyroid hormone production and post-natal development","volume":"18","author":"Gauthier","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/IO9.0000000000000179","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: prevalence, clinical presentation, management outcomes, and best practice","volume":"62","author":"Mohammed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0418","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Maraka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(86)90035-1","article-title":"Rehabilitation from neonatal hypothyroidism: spontaneous motor activity, exploratory behavior, avoidance learning and response of pituitary\u2013thyroid axis to stress in male rats","volume":"11","author":"Tamasy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(99)00111-X","article-title":"Varied duration of congenital hypothyroidism potentiates perseveration in a response alternation discrimination task","volume":"36","author":"MacNabb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.02.006","article-title":"Irreversible damage to auditory system functions caused by perinatal hypothyroidism in rats","volume":"37","author":"Wada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-03125","article-title":"Effects of mild perinatal hypothyroidism on cognitive function of adult male offspring","volume":"159","author":"Amano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-\u0394\u0394C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B20","first-page":"24","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroid Pax8(-\/-) mutant mice can be rescued by inactivating the TRalpha gene","volume":"16","author":"Flamant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03460-1","article-title":"Consequences of undertreatment of hypothyroidism","volume":"84","author":"Feldt-Rasmussen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B22","unstructured":"DOI \u00a010.5281\/zenodo.19696874."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.018","article-title":"Cold-induced thermogenesis requires neutral-lipase-mediated intracellular lipolysis in brown adipocytes","volume":"37","author":"Mouisel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.12.023","article-title":"Adipose fatty acid oxidation is required for thermogenesis and potentiates oxidative stress-induced inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42425-w","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormone receptor \u03b2 activation in mice sparks brown fat thermogenesis in the offspring","volume":"14","author":"Oelkrug","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000180681","article-title":"Fetal and maternal thyroid hormones","volume":"26","author":"Morreale de Escobar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.2.280S","article-title":"Effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone metabolism and the brain in fetal rats: the role of the maternal transfer of thyroxin","volume":"57","author":"Morreale de Escobar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256877","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1256877","article-title":"Thyroid hormone action during GABAergic neuron maturation: the quest for mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Richard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072000063035900_bqag072-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2023.100440","article-title":"Metabolic switch from glycogen to lipid in the liver maintains glucose homeostasis in neonatal mice","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqag072\/68608951\/bqag072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/167\/8\/bqag072\/68608951\/bqag072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/167\/8\/bqag072\/68608951\/bqag072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:06:42Z","timestamp":1784520402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqag072\/8715882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqag072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"article-number":"bqag072"}}