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Despite its high prevalence, PCOS and its accompanying morbidities are likely underdiagnosed, averaging &amp;gt; 2 years and 3 physicians before women are diagnosed. Although it has been intensively researched, the underlying cause(s) of PCOS have yet to be defined. In order to understand PCOS pathophysiology, its developmental origins, and how to predict and prevent PCOS onset, there is an urgent need for safe and effective markers and treatments. In this review, we detail which animal models are more suitable for contributing to our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS. We summarize and highlight advantages and limitations of hormonal or genetic manipulation of animal models, as well as of naturally occurring PCOS-like females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T10:28:10Z","timestamp":1587378490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Animal Models to Understand the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3424-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabet","family":"Stener-Victorin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasantha","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1504-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty A","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility & Research Centre, School of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0309-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca E","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Benrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Education, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Giacobini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-1277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A","family":"Dumesic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004","article-title":"Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary 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morphology: impact on diagnosis and phenotypic classification of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Fraissinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02178","article-title":"Functional genetic variation in the anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone pathway in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Gorsic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00612","article-title":"Pathogenic anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone variants in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Gorsic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02496","article-title":"Family-based 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A pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Homburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2693","article-title":"Increased anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone serum concentrations in prepubertal daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Sir-Petermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2018.1537385","article-title":"Serum Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) in mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their term fetuses","volume":"65","author":"Detti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med."},{"key":"2021121111054172500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000494899","article-title":"In utero androgen excess: a developmental 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