{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:32:34Z","timestamp":1793039554599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":377,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight. However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering and anti-lipogenic effects, independent of leptin\u2019s regulation of body weight. Regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is mediated both centrally and via peripheral tissues and is influenced by the activation status of insulin signaling pathways. Ectopic fat accumulation is diminished by both central and peripheral leptin, an effect that is beneficial in obesity-associated disorders. The magnitude of leptin action depends upon the tissue, sex, and context being examined. Peripheral tissues that are of particular relevance include the endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, immune cells, and the cardiovascular system. As a result of its potent metabolic activity, leptin is used to control hyperglycemia in patients with lipodystrophy and is being explored as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. To fully understand the role of leptin in physiology and to maximize its therapeutic potential, the mechanisms of leptin action in these tissues needs to be further explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T23:55:23Z","timestamp":1604534123000},"page":"1-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Tissue-Specific Effects of Leptin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daemon L","family":"Cline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M","family":"Glavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D","family":"Covey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J","family":"Kieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00179","article-title":"Starvation in the midst of plenty: reflections on the history and biology of insulin and leptin","volume":"40","author":"Flier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"issue":"6505","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.05.009","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of leptin on adipocyte metabolism","volume":"1842","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.6.913","article-title":"Leptin secretion from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in women","volume":"47","author":"Van Harmelen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00719-P","article-title":"Effects of fasting and refeeding on ob gene expression in white adipose tissue of lean and obese (oblob) mice","volume":"368","author":"Trayhurn","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"26","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806366115","article-title":"A noncanonical PPAR\u03b3\/RXR\u03b1-binding sequence regulates leptin expression in response to changes in adipose tissue mass","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"6686","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/31474","article-title":"A nutrient-sensing pathway regulates leptin gene expression in muscle and fat","volume":"393","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.10.5451","article-title":"Insulin stimulates both leptin secretion and production by rat white adipose tissue","volume":"138","author":"Barr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"03","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0009","first-page":"12","article-title":"POMC neurons expressing leptin receptors coordinate metabolic responses to fasting via suppression of leptin levels","volume":"7","author":"Caron","year":"2018","journal-title":"elife."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.2.663","article-title":"Central leptin infusion attenuates the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of fasting in rats","volume":"37","author":"Overton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118551","article-title":"Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects","volume":"97","author":"Sinha","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0012","first-page":"4140","article-title":"Sex differences in circulating human leptin pulse amplitude: clinical implications","volume":"83","author":"Licinio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0013","first-page":"453","article-title":"Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of gender and adiposity","volume":"83","author":"Saad","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.481","article-title":"Expression of leptin and leptin receptor isoforms in the human stomach","volume":"47","author":"Mix","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2012.45.1.1","article-title":"A review on gastric leptin: the exocrine secretion of a gastric hormone","volume":"45","author":"Cammisotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat Cell Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/11335","article-title":"The effect of leptin on Lep expression is tissue-specific and nutritionally regulated","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129193","article-title":"Interorgan communication by exosomes, adipose tissue, and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Kita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01030-I","article-title":"Modulation of obese gene expression in rat brown and white adipose tissues","volume":"373","author":"Moinat","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00206","article-title":"Daily gene expression rhythms in rat white adipose tissue do not differ between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal depots","volume":"9","author":"van der Spek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399810666140508121012","article-title":"Leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: relevance for human type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0219","article-title":"Genetic background (C57BL\/6J versus FVB\/N) strongly influences the severity of diabetes and insulin resistance in ob\/ob mice","volume":"145","author":"Haluzik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0034","article-title":"Two divergent leptin paralogues in zebrafish (Danio rerio) that originate early in teleostean evolution","volume":"201","author":"Gorissen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.11.015","article-title":"Expression of leptin receptor gene in developing and adult zebrafish","volume":"166","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1513212113","article-title":"Leptin signaling regulates glucose homeostasis, but not adipostasis, in the zebrafish","volume":"113","author":"Michel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.07.011","article-title":"Knockdown of leptin A expression dramatically alters zebrafish development","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56779-z","article-title":"Transcriptional study of appetite regulating genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with impaired leptin signalling","volume":"9","author":"Ahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0027","first-page":"13","article-title":"Zebrafish mutants carrying leptin a (lepa) gene deficiency display obesity, anxiety, less aggression and fear, and circadian rhythm and color preference dysregulation","volume":"19","author":"Audira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.013","article-title":"A leptin analog locally produced in the brain acts via a conserved neural circuit to modulate obesity-linked behaviors in Drosophila","volume":"25","author":"Beshel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"21","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00524-3","article-title":"Identification of the first invertebrate interleukin JAK\/STAT receptor, the Drosophila gene domeless","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.019","article-title":"Drosophila cytokine unpaired 2 regulates physiological homeostasis by remotely controlling insulin secretion","volume":"151","author":"Rajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T25","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0404","article-title":"20 years of leptin: connecting leptin signaling to biological function","volume":"223","author":"Allison","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00030","article-title":"The leptin receptor complex: heavier than expected?","volume":"8","author":"Wauman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T9","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0264","article-title":"20 years of leptin: insights into signaling assemblies of the leptin receptor","volume":"223","author":"Peelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"48","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45898","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205825200","article-title":"Generation of soluble leptin receptor by ectodomain shedding of membrane-spanning receptors in vitro and in vivo","volume":"277","author":"Ge","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4962","article-title":"Fine structure of the murine leptin receptor gene: splice site suppression is required to form two alternatively spliced transcripts","volume":"45","author":"Chua","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genomics."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3987","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0261","article-title":"Disruption of peripheral leptin signaling in mice results in hyperleptinemia without associated metabolic abnormalities","volume":"148","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"6566","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/379632a0","article-title":"Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice","volume":"379","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0027","article-title":"Modulation of direct leptin signaling by soluble leptin receptor","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020001","article-title":"Circulating soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index during childhood, puberty, and adolescence","volume":"87","author":"Kratzsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6343","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009795200","article-title":"Modulation of circulating leptin levels by its soluble receptor","volume":"276","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"13","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.7001","article-title":"Anatomic localization of alternatively spliced leptin receptors (Ob-R) in mouse brain and other tissues","volume":"94","author":"Fei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00790-9","article-title":"A novel leptin receptor isoform in rat","volume":"392","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.3.8669","article-title":"Characterizaton of short isoforms of the leptin receptor in rat cerebral microvessels and of brain uptake of leptin in mouse models of obesity","volume":"143","author":"Hileman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000054536","article-title":"The long form of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) is widely expressed in the human brain","volume":"71","author":"Burguera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6245","article-title":"Localization of leptin receptor mRNA splice variants in murine peripheral tissues by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization","volume":"232","author":"Hoggard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19980063","article-title":"Localization of leptin receptor splice variants in mouse peripheral tissues by immunohistochemistry","volume":"57","author":"De Matteis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01313.2006","article-title":"Leptin receptors in human skeletal muscle","volume":"102","author":"Guerra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2003.10.003","article-title":"The role of leptin receptor signaling in feeding and neuroendocrine function","volume":"14","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0878","article-title":"Early hepatic insulin resistance precedes the onset of diabetes in obese C57BLKS-db\/db mice","volume":"59","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.04.014","article-title":"Critical role of STAT3 in leptin\u2019s metabolic actions","volume":"4","author":"Buettner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.12.013","article-title":"Identification of the leptin receptor sequences crucial for the STAT3-independent control of metabolism","volume":"32","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2013.07.007","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of an induced mutation of the ObRa isoform of the leptin receptor","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"13","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011881","article-title":"Leptin-mediated differential regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in the intestine and liver affects plasma lipids","volume":"295","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.100995","article-title":"Partial leptin deficiency confers resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.015","article-title":"Diet-induced obese mice retain endogenous leptin action","volume":"21","author":"Ottaway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1159\/000500201","article-title":"Persistent leptin signaling in the arcuate nucleus impairs hypothalamic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in obese mice","volume":"109","author":"Balland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.061","article-title":"Leptin signaling in the arcuate nucleus reduces insulin\u2019s capacity to suppress hepatic glucose production in obese mice","volume":"26","author":"Balland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.59","article-title":"Leptin levels are associated with fat oxidation and dietary-induced weight loss in obesity","volume":"9","author":"Verdich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Res."},{"issue":"5667","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095004","article-title":"Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding","volume":"304","author":"Bouret","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.005","article-title":"Imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its inhibitor \u03b11-antitrypsin in obesity alters insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and energy expenditure","volume":"17","author":"Mansuy-Aubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.9.1516","article-title":"Low plasma leptin in response to dietary fat in diabetes- and obesity-prone mice","volume":"46","author":"Surwit","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E939","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00379.2007","article-title":"Partial leptin deficiency favors diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice","volume":"294","author":"Begriche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.2.5033","article-title":"Leptin activates neurons in ventrobasal hypothalamus and brainstem","volume":"138","author":"Elmquist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.741","article-title":"Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei","volume":"95","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"5223","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624776","article-title":"Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob\/ob mice","volume":"269","author":"Pelleymounter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"5223","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624777","article-title":"Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene","volume":"269","author":"Halaas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.4.531","article-title":"Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob\/ob mice","volume":"45","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"44","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27758","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.44.27758","article-title":"Short term effects of leptin on hepatic gluconeogenesis and in vivo insulin action","volume":"272","author":"Rossetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"48","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408665200","article-title":"Melanocortin-independent effects of leptin on hepatic glucose fluxes","volume":"279","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"6649","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/38717","article-title":"Acute stimulation of glucose metabolism in mice by leptin treatment","volume":"389","author":"Kamohara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119865","article-title":"Leptin selectively decreases visceral adiposity and enhances insulin action","volume":"100","author":"Barzilai","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8468","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of leptin on glucose utilization in lean mice","volume":"245","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.5.6681","article-title":"Differential effects of leptin in regulation of tissue glucose utilization in vivo","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.8.6890","article-title":"Effects of intravenously infused leptin on insulin sensitivity and on the expression of uncoupling proteins in brown adipose tissue","volume":"140","author":"Rouru","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800899","article-title":"Leptin increases circulating glucose, insulin and glucagon via sympathetic neural activation in fasted mice","volume":"23","author":"Ahr\u00e9n","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.001","article-title":"Leptin mediates a glucose-fatty acid cycle to maintain glucose homeostasis in starvation","volume":"172","author":"Perry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9277","article-title":"Lipolytic effect of in vivo leptin administration on adipocytes of lean and ob\/ob mice, but not db\/db mice","volume":"250","author":"Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.39552","article-title":"Role of hormone-sensitive lipase in leptin-promoted fat loss and glucose lowering","volume":"24","author":"Takanashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00211-X","article-title":"Modulation of the leptin-induced white adipose tissue lipolysis by nitric oxide","volume":"13","author":"Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E593","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00303.2001","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol hydrolysis are enhanced after chronic leptin treatment in rats","volume":"282","author":"Steinberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00250.2016","article-title":"Kupffer cells facilitate the acute effects of leptin on hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"312","author":"Metlakunta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0731","article-title":"Liver triglyceride secretion and lipid oxidative metabolism are rapidly altered by leptin in vivo","volume":"147","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4637","article-title":"Direct antidiabetic effect of leptin through triglyceride depletion of tissues","volume":"94","author":"Shimabukuro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1271","article-title":"Leptin augments the acute suppressive effects of insulin on hepatic very low-density lipoprotein production in rats","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012437","article-title":"Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy","volume":"346","author":"Oral","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025261","article-title":"Acquired and inherited lipodystrophies","volume":"350","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6748","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/43448","article-title":"Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"401","author":"Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419511","article-title":"Site and mechanism of leptin action in a rodent form of congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"113","author":"Asilmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.9.1534","article-title":"Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduces adipose tissue by apoptosis and develops lipodystrophy in mice","volume":"49","author":"Tsuboyama-Kasaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-7-8","article-title":"Effect of leptin infusion on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in diet-induced lipodystrophy model mice","volume":"7","author":"Nagao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4004-6","article-title":"Treatment of diet-induced lipodystrophic C57BL\/6J mice with long-acting PASylated leptin normalises insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis by promoting lipid utilisation","volume":"59","author":"Bolze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.6.1087","article-title":"Leptin suppression of insulin secretion by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells","volume":"46","author":"Kieffer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3529-4","article-title":"Leptin induces fasting hypoglycaemia in a mouse model of diabetes through the depletion of glycerol","volume":"58","author":"Denroche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1890","article-title":"Insulin knockout mice have extended survival but volatile blood glucose levels on leptin therapy","volume":"157","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909422107","article-title":"Leptin therapy in insulin-deficient type I diabetes","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0958","article-title":"Leptin therapy reverses hyperglycemia in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, independent of hepatic leptin signaling","volume":"60","author":"Denroche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.7.1487","article-title":"Leptin restores euglycemia and normalizes glucose turnover in insulin-deficient diabetes in the rat","volume":"48","author":"Chinookoswong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1918","article-title":"Leptin deficiency causes insulin resistance induced by uncontrolled diabetes","volume":"59","author":"German","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3579","article-title":"Leptin reverses diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"20","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4587","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82723","article-title":"Evidence against hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in the antidiabetic action of leptin","volume":"125","author":"Morton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88477","article-title":"Mechanism for leptin\u2019s acute insulin-independent effect to reverse diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"127","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E72","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00253.2019","article-title":"UCP1-independent glucose-lowering effect of leptin in type 1 diabetes: only in conditions of hypoleptinemia","volume":"318","author":"Zouhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991s","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26788E","article-title":"Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research","volume":"89","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"6636","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/43185","article-title":"Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans","volume":"387","author":"Montague","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0398-213","article-title":"A leptin missense mutation associated with hypogonadism and morbid obesity","volume":"18","author":"Strobel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T63","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0480","article-title":"20 years of leptin: human disorders of leptin action","volume":"223","author":"Farooqi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1406653","article-title":"Biologically inactive leptin and early-onset extreme obesity","volume":"372","author":"Wabitsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214554110","article-title":"Selective capacity of metreleptin administration to reconstitute CD4+ T-cell number in females with acquired hypoleptinemia","volume":"110","author":"Matarese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-017-0074-x","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of potentially damaging variants in the leptin gene","volume":"4","author":"Nunziata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0049-6","article-title":"Early childhood BMI trajectories in monogenic obesity due to leptin, leptin receptor, and melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency","volume":"42","author":"Kohlsdorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-014-0003-1","article-title":"Monogenic forms of childhood obesity due to mutations in the leptin gene","volume":"1","author":"Funcke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00123","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic characteristics of human leptin receptor mutations","volume":"3","author":"Nunziata","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"6674","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/32911","article-title":"A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction","volume":"392","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063988","article-title":"Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of congenital deficiency of the leptin receptor","volume":"356","author":"Farooqi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0015-9","article-title":"MC4R agonism promotes durable weight loss in patients with leptin receptor deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.07.014","article-title":"Leptin treatment: facts and expectations","volume":"64","author":"Paz-Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215693","article-title":"Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine\/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency","volume":"110","author":"Farooqi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3098","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003098","article-title":"Leptin replacement improves cognitive development","volume":"3","author":"Paz-Filho","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0376","article-title":"Congenital leptin deficiency due to homozygosity for the Delta133G mutation: report of another case and evaluation of response to four years of leptin therapy","volume":"89","author":"Gibson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"13","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308767101","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of leptin replacement on morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and behavior in leptin-deficient adults","volume":"101","author":"Licinio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1867","article-title":"Leptin replacement reestablishes brain insulin action in the hypothalamus in congenital leptin deficiency","volume":"41","author":"Frank-Podlech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1159\/000348541","article-title":"Rapid improvement of hepatic steatosis after initiation of leptin substitution in a leptin-deficient girl","volume":"79","author":"von Schnurbein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa251","article-title":"Leptin-mediated changes in the human metabolome","volume":"105","author":"Lawler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8624","article-title":"Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with lipodystrophies","volume":"87","author":"Haque","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/bmme.1996.0056","article-title":"Gender differences in serum leptin levels in humans","volume":"59","author":"Hickey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1195-1155","article-title":"Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects","volume":"1","author":"Maffei","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1586\/17446651.2014.894877","article-title":"Metreleptin for metabolic disorders associated with generalized or partial lipodystrophy","volume":"9","author":"Simha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2589","article-title":"A report of three cases with acquired generalized lipodystrophy with distinct autoimmune conditions treated with metreleptin","volume":"100","author":"Lebastchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137180","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137180","article-title":"Leptin decreases de novo lipogenesis in patients with lipodystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Baykal","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.02.002","article-title":"Metreleptin therapy lowers plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 in patients with generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"11","author":"Muniyappa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvz022","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz022","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of the effects of leptin replacement therapy in patients with lipodystrophy","volume":"4","author":"Grewal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012260","article-title":"The role of leptin in human lipid and glucose metabolism: the effects of acute recombinant human leptin infusion in young healthy males","volume":"94","author":"Wolsk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95476","article-title":"Metreleptin-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity are independent of food intake in humans with lipodystrophy","volume":"128","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1302","article-title":"Recombinant human leptin treatment does not improve insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Mittendorfer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.175","article-title":"The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management","volume":"13","author":"Schorr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23051","article-title":"Increased lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00041.2005","article-title":"Secretory dynamics of leptin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents","volume":"289","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00769","article-title":"Clinical trials required to assess potential benefits and side effects of treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa with recombinant human leptin","volume":"10","author":"Hebebrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.60","article-title":"The effects of leptin administration in non-obese human subjects","volume":"9","author":"Mackintosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801952","article-title":"The effect of pegylated recombinant human leptin (PEG-OB) on weight loss and inflammatory status in obese subjects","volume":"26","author":"Hukshorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1568","article-title":"Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial","volume":"282","author":"Heymsfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.4.771","article-title":"Pegylated human recombinant leptin (PEG-OB) causes additional weight loss in severely energy-restricted, overweight men","volume":"77","author":"Hukshorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0143","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human leptin treatment as an adjunct of moderate energy restriction on body weight, resting energy expenditure and energy intake in obese humans","volume":"16","author":"Fogteloo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T83","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0358","article-title":"20 years of leptin: role of leptin in energy homeostasis in humans","volume":"223","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1553","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of metreleptin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Vasandani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0213-7","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier as an endocrine tissue","volume":"15","author":"Banks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020412","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020412","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Daneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.08.061","article-title":"The involvement of the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers in the distribution of leptin into and out of the rat brain","volume":"123","author":"Kurrimbux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.4.7435","article-title":"Differential regulation of leptin transport by the choroid plexus and blood-brain barrier and high affinity transport systems for entry into hypothalamus and across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier","volume":"141","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.12.001","article-title":"The LepR-mediated leptin transport across brain barriers controls food reward","volume":"8","author":"Di Spiezio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0221-z","article-title":"Fluorescent blood-brain barrier tracing shows intact leptin transport in obese mice","volume":"43","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-143487","article-title":"Unique leptin trafficking by a tailless receptor","volume":"24","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21020","article-title":"Convergent trafficking pattern of leptin after endocytosis mediated by ObRa-ObRd","volume":"212","author":"Tu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jne.12392","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12392","article-title":"Inhibition of leptin-ObR interaction does not prevent leptin translocation across a human blood-brain barrier model","volume":"28","author":"Gonzalez-Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.04.020","article-title":"MCH neurons regulate permeability of the median eminence barrier","volume":"107","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.015","article-title":"Hypothalamic tanycytes are an ERK-gated conduit for leptin into the brain","volume":"19","author":"Balland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00240","article-title":"Tanycyte-independent control of hypothalamic leptin signaling","volume":"13","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.013","article-title":"Adult NG2-Glia are required for median eminence-mediated leptin sensing and body weight control","volume":"23","author":"Djogo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01252-4","article-title":"Leptin binding in the arcuate nucleus is increased during fasting","volume":"828","author":"Baskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00195-9","article-title":"Fasting, but not adrenalectomy, reduces transport of leptin into the brain","volume":"21","author":"Kastin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Peptides."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.04.008","article-title":"Time-resolved hypothalamic open flow micro-perfusion reveals normal leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier in leptin resistant mice","volume":"13","author":"Kleinert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0655","article-title":"Differential accessibility of circulating leptin to individual hypothalamic sites","volume":"148","author":"Faouzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R576","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00017.2014","article-title":"Systemic leptin dose-dependently increases STAT3 phosphorylation within hypothalamic and hindbrain nuclei","volume":"306","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1338","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00021.2013","article-title":"Leptin-sensitive sensory nerves innervate white fat","volume":"304","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.06.003","article-title":"Deletion of leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons results in hyperphagia and obesity","volume":"3","author":"de Lartigue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.04.011","article-title":"The glucoregulatory actions of leptin","volume":"6","author":"D\u2019souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.7","article-title":"Leptin and brain-adipose crosstalks","volume":"19","author":"Caron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05104-9","article-title":"Neuronal control of peripheral nutrient partitioning","volume":"63","author":"Manceau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"47","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31160","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.47.31160","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular leptin regulates hepatic but not peripheral glucose fluxes","volume":"273","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"48","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16180","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3202-10.2010","article-title":"Leptin rapidly improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice by increasing hypothalamic insulin sensitivity","volume":"30","author":"Koch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1828-14.2015","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling in the hypothalamus regulates hepatic autonomic nerve activity via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"35","author":"Tanida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"48","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40441","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.384545","article-title":"Leptin activates hepatic 5\u2019-AMP-activated protein kinase through sympathetic nervous system and \u03b11-adrenergic receptor: a potential mechanism for improvement of fatty liver in lipodystrophy by leptin","volume":"287","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.02.003","article-title":"In vivo effects of leptin on autonomic nerve activity and lipolysis in rats","volume":"416","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.055","article-title":"Sympathetic neuro-adipose connections mediate leptin-driven lipolysis","volume":"163","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1775","article-title":"Leptin controls adipose tissue lipogenesis via central, STAT3-independent mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Buettner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.2.287","article-title":"Microinjection of leptin into the ventromedial hypothalamus increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues in rats","volume":"48","author":"Minokoshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0177","first-page":"15141","article-title":"Induction of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by central leptin is mediated by muscle beta2-adrenergic receptor but not by AMPK","volume":"7","author":"Shiuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.9.1706","article-title":"Role of the sympathetic nervous system and insulin in enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues after intrahypothalamic injection of leptin in rats","volume":"48","author":"Haque","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0991fje","article-title":"Physiologic effect of leptin on insulin secretion is mediated mainly through central mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"40","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17391","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008025107","article-title":"Leptin therapy improves insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes by CNS-dependent mechanisms in mice","volume":"107","author":"Fujikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119818","article-title":"Leptin rapidly suppresses insulin release from insulinoma cells, rat and human islets and, in vivo, in mice","volume":"100","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1787","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of leptin on pancreatic alpha-cell function","volume":"58","author":"Tudur\u00ed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.09.029","article-title":"The increase in fiber size in male rat gastrocnemius after chronic central leptin infusion is related to activation of insulin signaling","volume":"470","author":"Burgos-Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5604","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0933","article-title":"Tissue-specific effects of central leptin on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and white adipose tissue","volume":"148","author":"Gallardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020523000306","article-title":"Acute central infusion of leptin modulates fatty acid mobilization by affecting lipolysis and mRNA expression for uncoupling proteins","volume":"230","author":"Tajima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10684-1","article-title":"Brain leptin reduces liver lipids by increasing hepatic triglyceride secretion and lowering lipogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Hackl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E809","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.4.E809","article-title":"Lipid deposition in rats centrally infused with leptin in the presence or absence of corticosterone","volume":"281","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26043","article-title":"A role for hepatic leptin signaling in lipid metabolism via altered very low density lipoprotein composition and liver lipase activity in mice","volume":"57","author":"Huynh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"6869","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/415339a","article-title":"Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"415","author":"Minokoshi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00033.2003","article-title":"Mechanisms of the free fatty acid-induced increase in hepatic glucose production","volume":"284","author":"Lam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R511","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00079.2010","article-title":"Central infusion of leptin does not increase AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of sheep","volume":"300","author":"Laker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0554","article-title":"Central leptin regulates heart lipid content by selectively increasing PPAR \u03b2\/\u03b4 expression","volume":"236","author":"Mora","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31820014f9","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular leptin administration differentially alters cardiac energy metabolism in mice fed a low-fat and high-fat diet","volume":"57","author":"Keung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.11.3182","article-title":"Central leptin acutely reverses diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"54","author":"Pocai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17058","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017058","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular leptin infusion improves glucose homeostasis in lean type 2 diabetic MKR mice via hepatic vagal and non-vagal mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1254","article-title":"Chronic central leptin decreases food intake and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice independent of hypothalamic malonyl CoA levels and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity","volume":"152","author":"Keung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.310","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling and action in the central nervous system","volume":"14","author":"Leshan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118891","article-title":"Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus","volume":"98","author":"Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90147","article-title":"A leptin-regulated circuit controls glucose mobilization during noxious stimuli","volume":"127","author":"Flak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0638","article-title":"Distinct effects of leptin and a melanocortin receptor agonist injected into medial hypothalamic nuclei on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues","volume":"58","author":"Toda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1629","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the ventromedial hypothalamus mediates leptin-induced glucose uptake in red-type skeletal muscle","volume":"62","author":"Toda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2004.12.004","article-title":"The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a key site for mediating leptin\u2019s effects on glucose homeostasis and locomotor activity","volume":"1","author":"Coppari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.07.008","article-title":"Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus are key regulators of energy expenditure and body weight, but not food intake","volume":"3","author":"Rezai-Zadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00062","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling in Sim1-expressing neurons regulates body temperature and adaptive thermogenesis","volume":"160","author":"Cakir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1998","article-title":"Disrupted leptin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus and ventral premammillary nucleus alters insulin and glucagon secretion and protects against diet-induced obesity","volume":"157","author":"Denroche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0597","article-title":"Blunted refeeding response and increased locomotor activity in mice lacking FoxO1 in synapsin-Cre-expressing neurons","volume":"62","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R552","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00077.2019","article-title":"Impact of leptin deficiency compared with neuronal-specific leptin receptor deletion on cardiometabolic regulation","volume":"317","author":"do Carmo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0208","volume-title":"B6.Cg-Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln\/J","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1200","article-title":"Selective loss of leptin receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus results in increased adiposity and a metabolic syndrome","volume":"149","author":"Bingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.12.021","article-title":"Leptin directly activates SF1 neurons in the VMH, and this action by leptin is required for normal body-weight homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Dhillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R451","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00111.2019","article-title":"Unsilencing of native LepRs in hypothalamic SF1 neurons does not rescue obese phenotype in LepR-deficient mice","volume":"317","author":"Senn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.06.004","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis","volume":"42","author":"Balthasar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.05.003","article-title":"Leptin-dependent control of glucose balance and locomotor activity by POMC neurons","volume":"9","author":"Huo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59816","article-title":"Direct leptin action on POMC neurons regulates glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice","volume":"122","author":"Berglund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23350","article-title":"Distinct glutamatergic and GABAergic subsets of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons revealed by in situ hybridization in male rats and mice","volume":"521","author":"Wittmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.028","article-title":"Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons","volume":"71","author":"Vong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.04.010","article-title":"Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide neurons and the central melanocortin system are crucial mediators of leptin\u2019s antidiabetic actions","volume":"7","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"7702","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0049-7","article-title":"Genetic identification of leptin neural circuits in energy and glucose homeostases","volume":"556","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"7818","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2527-y","article-title":"A leptin-BDNF pathway regulating sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue","volume":"583","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00911.2014","article-title":"Brain-mediated antidiabetic, anorexic, and cardiovascular actions of leptin require melanocortin-4 receptor signaling","volume":"113","author":"da Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1275","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00187.2006","article-title":"Chronic antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin: role of CNS and increased adrenergic activity","volume":"291","author":"da Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.009","article-title":"The role of autonomic efferents and uncoupling protein 1 in the glucose-lowering effect of leptin therapy","volume":"5","author":"Denroche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E420","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00301.2016","article-title":"Role of autonomic nervous system in chronic CNS-mediated antidiabetic action of leptin","volume":"312","author":"da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.09.007","article-title":"Suppressing hyperinsulinemia prevents obesity but causes rapid onset of diabetes in leptin-deficient Lepob\/ob mice","volume":"5","author":"D\u2019souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1264","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2018","article-title":"Leptin contributes to the beneficial effects of insulin treatment in streptozotocin-diabetic male mice","volume":"315","author":"Neumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0890","article-title":"Leptin activates a novel CNS mechanism for insulin-independent normalization of severe diabetic hyperglycemia","volume":"152","author":"German","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1084","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00489.2001","article-title":"Central leptin increases insulin sensitivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"282","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1160","article-title":"Euglycemia restoration by central leptin in type 1 diabetes requires STAT3 signaling but not fast-acting neurotransmitter release","volume":"65","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.08.004","article-title":"Leptin engages a hypothalamic neurocircuitry to permit survival in the absence of insulin","volume":"18","author":"Fujikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00907","article-title":"Glucose-lowering by leptin in the absence of insulin does not fully rely on the central melanocortin system in male mice","volume":"160","author":"Singha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e588447","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.588447","article-title":"Leptin receptors in RIP-Cre25Mgn neurons mediate anti-dyslipidemia effects of leptin in insulin-deficient mice","volume":"11","author":"Singha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1328","article-title":"Leptin action in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus is sufficient, but not necessary, to normalize diabetic hyperglycemia","volume":"154","author":"Meek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3861","article-title":"Leptin-inhibited PBN neurons enhance responses to hypoglycemia in negative energy balance","volume":"17","author":"Flak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1252","article-title":"Differential acute and chronic effects of leptin on hypothalamic astrocyte morphology and synaptic protein levels","volume":"152","author":"Garc\u00eda-C\u00e1ceres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01499.2012","article-title":"Astrocytic leptin-receptor knockout mice show partial rescue of leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity","volume":"114","author":"Jayaram","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0518-5","article-title":"Role of astrocytes in leptin signaling","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3725","article-title":"Leptin signaling in astrocytes regulates hypothalamic neuronal circuits and feeding","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182-190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.10.005","article-title":"Specific deletion of the astrocyte leptin receptor induces changes in hippocampus glutamate metabolism, synaptic transmission and plasticity","volume":"447","author":"Naranjo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.11.003","article-title":"Deficiency of leptin receptor in myeloid cells disrupts hypothalamic metabolic circuits and causes body weight increase","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49295-7","article-title":"Role of POMC and AgRP neuronal activities on glycaemia in mice","volume":"9","author":"\u00dcner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.004","article-title":"Leptin and insulin engage specific PI3K subunits in hypothalamic SF1 neurons","volume":"5","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00061","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is integral for the acute activity of leptin and insulin in male arcuate NPY\/AgRP neurons","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64102","article-title":"Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes","volume":"122","author":"Fuente-Mart\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000838","article-title":"Leptin enhances hypothalamic lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-dependent glucose sensing to lower glucose production in high-fat-fed rats","volume":"293","author":"Abraham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620506114","article-title":"Loss of astrocyte cholesterol synthesis disrupts neuronal function and alters whole-body metabolism","volume":"114","author":"Ferris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.51","article-title":"Islet \u03b1 cells and glucagon\u2013critical regulators of energy homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12395","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.450536","article-title":"LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl-1 mediates the effect of leptin on insulin secretion in mice","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"37","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15512","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.802249","article-title":"NMDA receptors mediate leptin signaling and regulate potassium channel trafficking in pancreatic \u03b2-cells","volume":"292","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0250","first-page":"10518","article-title":"AAV8 Ins1-Cre can produce efficient \u03b2-cell recombination but requires consideration of off-target effects","volume":"10","author":"Ramzy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.09.005","article-title":"The pancreatic beta cell is a key site for mediating the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Covey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512373200","article-title":"RIP-Cre revisited, evidence for impairments of pancreatic beta-cell function","volume":"281","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30910","article-title":"Disruption of leptin receptor expression in the pancreas directly affects beta cell growth and function in mice","volume":"117","author":"Morioka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa054","article-title":"Ins1-Cre and Ins1-CreER gene replacement alleles are susceptible to silencing by DNA hypermethylation","author":"Mosleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.06.007","article-title":"Limited impact on glucose homeostasis of leptin receptor deletion from insulin- or proglucagon-expressing cells","volume":"4","author":"Soedling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.04.003","article-title":"Restoration of Lepr in \u03b2 cells of Lepr null mice does not prevent hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia","volume":"6","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E748","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00681.2013","article-title":"Partial ablation of leptin signaling in mouse pancreatic \u03b1-cells does not alter either glucose or lipid homeostasis","volume":"306","author":"Tudur\u00ed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.212720.116","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomes identify human islet cell signatures and reveal cell-type-specific expression changes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.3.5812","article-title":"Inhibition of insulin secretion by leptin in normal rodent islets of Langerhans","volume":"139","author":"Poitout","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.7.0867","article-title":"Short-term leptin-dependent inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis is mediated by insulin receptor substrate-2","volume":"16","author":"Anderwald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"21","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21695","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401546200","article-title":"Impaired activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by leptin is a novel mechanism of hepatic leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity","volume":"279","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5629","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008553200","article-title":"Liporegulation in diet-induced obesity. The antisteatotic role of hyperleptinemia","volume":"276","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20965","article-title":"Upregulation of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines by leptin in human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"42","author":"Aleffi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113914","article-title":"Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity","volume":"108","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0074","article-title":"Disruption of hepatic leptin signaling protects mice from age- and diet-related glucose intolerance","volume":"59","author":"Huynh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2012.00203.x","article-title":"The role of leptin in glucose homeostasis","volume":"3","author":"Denroche","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S562","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.105573","article-title":"Regulatory role of leptin in glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle","volume":"16","author":"Minokoshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-018-0185-8","article-title":"The role of adipokines in skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin sensitivity","volume":"15","author":"Nicholson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.8.1360","article-title":"Leptin directly alters lipid partitioning in skeletal muscle","volume":"46","author":"Muoio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02449-3","article-title":"Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle","volume":"515","author":"Dulloo","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.10.066","article-title":"The direct effect of leptin on skeletal muscle thermogenesis is mediated by substrate cycling between de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation","volume":"577","author":"Solinas","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.12.013","article-title":"AMPK and ACC phosphorylation: effect of leptin, muscle fibre type and obesity","volume":"284","author":"Janovsk\u00e1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.06.009","article-title":"Direct evidence for leptin-induced lipid oxidation independent of long-form leptin receptor","volume":"1801","author":"Akasaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.03.004","article-title":"SUMO-specific protease 2 mediates leptin-induced fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle","volume":"95","author":"Koo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23192","article-title":"Acute stimulation of glucose uptake by leptin in l6 muscle cells","volume":"34","author":"Bates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050832","article-title":"Leptin activates PI-3 kinase in C2C12 myotubes via janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) dependent pathways","volume":"40","author":"Kellerer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E187","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00542.2001","article-title":"Leptin increases FA oxidation in lean but not obese human skeletal muscle: evidence of peripheral leptin resistance","volume":"283","author":"Steinberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160804","article-title":"A new leptin-mediated mechanism for stimulating fatty acid oxidation: a pivotal role for sarcolemmal FAT\/CD36","volume":"474","author":"Momken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347424","article-title":"Control of fatty acid metabolism by leptin in L6 rat myoblasts is regulated by hyperinsulinemia","volume":"30","author":"Eguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02222-06","article-title":"Leptin stimulates fatty acid oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene expression in mouse C2C12 myoblasts by changing the subcellular localization of the alpha2 form of AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"27","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.11.8496","article-title":"High leptin levels acutely inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without affecting glucose transporter 4 translocation in l6 rat skeletal muscle cells","volume":"142","author":"Sweeney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800762","article-title":"Comparing effects of leptin and insulin on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle: evidence for an effect of leptin on glucose uptake and decarboxylation","volume":"23","author":"Ceddia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050722","article-title":"Leptin stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in C2C12 myotubes: evidence for a P13-kinase mediated effect","volume":"40","author":"Berti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"46","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45638","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304165200","article-title":"Adipocyte-selective reduction of the leptin receptors induced by antisense RNA leads to increased adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance","volume":"278","author":"Huan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.7.855","article-title":"Human obese gene expression. Adipocyte-specific expression and regional differences in the adipose tissue","volume":"44","author":"Masuzaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7716","article-title":"In vitro lipolytic effect of leptin on mouse adipocytes: evidence for a possible autocrine\/paracrine role of leptin","volume":"240","author":"Fr\u00fchbeck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0287","first-page":"88","article-title":"In vitro effects of leptin on human adipocyte metabolism","volume":"58","author":"Elimam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2.347","article-title":"Leptin impairs insulin signaling in rat adipocytes","volume":"53","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10585","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10585","article-title":"Leptin impairs metabolic actions of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes","volume":"272","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1750185","article-title":"Leptin secretion and negative autocrine crosstalk with insulin in brown adipocytes","volume":"175","author":"Kraus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.5.5980","article-title":"Lack of effect of leptin on glucose transport, lipoprotein lipase, and insulin action in adipose and muscle cells","volume":"139","author":"Ranganathan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90305-5","article-title":"Leptin does not affect adipocyte glucose metabolism: studies in fresh and cultured adipocytes","volume":"47","author":"Mick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0095-y","article-title":"Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance","volume":"1","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"issue":"1160","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0073","article-title":"Is genetically transmitted obesity due to an adipose tissue defect?","volume":"205","author":"Meade","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1339","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90691.2008","article-title":"Preadipocyte transplantation: an in vivo study of direct leptin signaling on adipocyte morphogenesis and cell size","volume":"296","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.819136","article-title":"Macrophages with a deletion of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) gene have a more proinflammatory phenotype","volume":"293","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39498-3","article-title":"Metabolic effects of leptin receptor knockdown or reconstitution in adipose tissues","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00841","article-title":"Leptin induces proadipogenic and proinflammatory signaling in adipocytes","volume":"10","author":"Palhinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.016","article-title":"Chronic hyper-leptinemia induces insulin signaling disruption in adipocytes: Implications of NOS2","volume":"112","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0005-5","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the iNOS gene improves adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in leptin-deficient ob\/ob mice: role of tenascin C","volume":"42","author":"Becerril","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2017.06.001","article-title":"Adipose triglyceride lipase protein abundance and translocation to the lipid droplet increase during leptin-induced lipolysis in bovine adipocytes","volume":"61","author":"Koltes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91880","article-title":"How does leptin restore euglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes?","volume":"127","author":"Oberlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.209","article-title":"Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders","volume":"13","author":"Abella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3671","article-title":"Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.169","article-title":"Obesity-driven disruption of haematopoiesis and the bone marrow niche","volume":"10","author":"Adler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.07.001","article-title":"PET imaging of leptin biodistribution and metabolism in rodents and primates","volume":"10","author":"Ceccarini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1350","article-title":"The weight of leptin in immunity","volume":"4","author":"La Cava","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88876","article-title":"Role of innate and adaptive immunity in obesity-associated metabolic disease","volume":"127","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"13","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.096","article-title":"Metabolically activated adipose tissue macrophages perform detrimental and beneficial functions during diet-induced obesity","volume":"20","author":"Coats","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1238","article-title":"Characterization of distinct subpopulations of hepatic macrophages in HFD\/obese mice","volume":"64","author":"Morinaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1185","article-title":"IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"11","author":"Arkan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.012","article-title":"Hepatic acetyl CoA links adipose tissue inflammation to hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"160","author":"Perry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000183883.72263.13","article-title":"A paracrine loop between adipocytes and macrophages aggravates inflammatory changes: role of free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"25","author":"Suganami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-01061","article-title":"NOD1: an interface between innate immunity and insulin resistance","volume":"160","author":"Rivers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.84","article-title":"Generation of leptin receptor bone marrow chimeras: recovery from irradiation, immune cellularity, cytokine expression, and metabolic parameters","volume":"18","author":"Gove","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1607","article-title":"Bone marrow leptin signaling mediates obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation in male mice","volume":"155","author":"Dib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-11-0338","article-title":"Haematopoietic leptin receptor deficiency does not affect macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue or systemic insulin sensitivity","volume":"212","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E108","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00057.2011","article-title":"Short-term and long-term leptin exposure differentially affect human natural killer cell immune functions","volume":"302","author":"Wrann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59643","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas","volume":"122","author":"Sica","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C386","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.2.C386","article-title":"Phenotypic abnormalities in macrophages from leptin-deficient, obese mice","volume":"276","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102373","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102373","article-title":"Leptin increases TNF-\u03b1 expression and production through phospholipase D1 in Raw 264.7 cells","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487081","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/487081","article-title":"High insulin and leptin increase resistin and inflammatory cytokine production from human mononuclear cells","volume":"2013","author":"Tsiotra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.06.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory complication of leptin in macrophages","volume":"47","author":"Vaughan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R572","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00171.2017","article-title":"Elucidating the role of leptin in systemic inflammation: a study targeting physiological leptin levels in rats and their macrophages","volume":"313","author":"Flatow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-013-9629-x","article-title":"Participation of leptin in the determination of the macrophage phenotype: an additional role in adipocyte and macrophage crosstalk","volume":"49","author":"Acedo","year":"2013","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800065","article-title":"Insulin resistance in macrophages alters their metabolism and promotes an M2-like phenotype","volume":"202","author":"Ieronymaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1885","article-title":"Browning of white adipose cells by intermediate metabolites: an adaptive mechanism to alleviate redox pressure","volume":"63","author":"Carri\u00e8re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1297971","article-title":"A potential role for the myeloid lineage in leptin-regulated bone metabolism","volume":"44","author":"Scheller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"issue":"33","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16551","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904885116","article-title":"Leptin signaling impairs macrophage defenses against Salmonella Typhimurium","volume":"116","author":"Fischer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L78","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00447.2017","article-title":"Ablation of the leptin receptor in myeloid cells impairs pulmonary clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and alveolar macrophage bactericidal function","volume":"315","author":"Mancuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-9-25","article-title":"Regulation of reverse cholesterol transport - a comprehensive appraisal of available animal studies","volume":"9","author":"Annema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.312617","article-title":"HDL and reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"124","author":"Ouimet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.5.955","article-title":"Insulin and leptin acutely regulate cholesterol ester metabolism in macrophages by novel signaling pathways","volume":"50","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"45","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42557","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202151200","article-title":"Glucose-dependent regulation of cholesterol ester metabolism in macrophages by insulin and leptin","volume":"277","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706706200","article-title":"Leptin induces macrophage lipid body formation by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent mechanism","volume":"283","author":"Maya-Monteiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90369.2008","article-title":"Leptin modulates ACAT1 expression and cholesterol efflux from human macrophages","volume":"297","author":"Hongo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-1353-8","article-title":"Leptin down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA levels in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"275","author":"Cabrero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0338","volume-title":"B6.Cg-Tg(Lck-cre)548Jxm\/J","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0339","volume-title":"B6.Cg-Tg(Lck-icre)3779Nik\/J","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nri798","article-title":"T-cell development and the CD4-CD8 lineage decision","volume":"2","author":"Germain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301158","article-title":"Leptin metabolically licenses T cells for activation to link nutrition and immunity","volume":"192","author":"Saucillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402996","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling in T cells is required for Th17 differentiation","volume":"194","author":"Reis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545861","article-title":"Leptin directly promotes T-cell glycolytic metabolism to drive effector T-cell differentiation in a mouse model of autoimmunity","volume":"46","author":"Gerriets","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000021","article-title":"Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"185","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq288","article-title":"Cardiac-specific leptin receptor deletion exacerbates ischaemic heart failure in mice","volume":"89","author":"McGaffin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2012.03.016","article-title":"Restoration of glucose metabolism in leptin-resistant mouse hearts after acute myocardial infarction through the activation of survival kinase pathways","volume":"53","author":"Witham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1241","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2012","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of leptin receptors causes lethal heart failure in Cre-recombinase-mediated cardiotoxicity","volume":"303","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"33","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29424","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203813200","article-title":"Leptin activates cardiac fatty acid oxidation independent of changes in the AMP-activated protein kinase-acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malonyl-CoA axis","volume":"277","author":"Atkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.06.037","article-title":"Stimulation of cardiac fatty acid oxidation by leptin is mediated by a nitric oxide-p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism","volume":"617","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00005.2014","article-title":"Rescue of cardiac leptin receptors in db\/db mice prevents myocardial triglyceride accumulation","volume":"307","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02257.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular actions of leptin in the subfornical organ are abolished by diet-induced obesity","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328344280b","article-title":"Chronic blood pressure and appetite responses to central leptin infusion in rats fed a high fat diet","volume":"29","author":"Dubinion","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.12.2040","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular leptin increases lumbar and renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in normal rats","volume":"46","author":"Dunbar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361675","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2361675","article-title":"A hypothalamic leptin-glutamate interaction in the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"2017","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1974","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00265.2008","article-title":"Chronic central leptin infusion restores cardiac sympathetic-vagal balance and baroreflex sensitivity in diabetic rats","volume":"295","author":"do Carmo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.017","article-title":"Hypothalamic mTORC1 signaling controls sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure and mediates leptin effects","volume":"17","author":"Harlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315338","article-title":"Leptin induces hypertension acting on transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel in the carotid body","volume":"125","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06642","article-title":"Leptin induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via aldosterone-dependent mechanisms in obese female mice","volume":"67","author":"Huby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2018.09.003","article-title":"Leptin and aldosterone","volume":"109","author":"Faulkner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vitam Horm."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0361","first-page":"536","article-title":"Studies on protein passage through arterial endothelium. 3. Effect of blood pressure levels on the passage of fine structural protein tracers through rat arterial endothelium","volume":"29","author":"H\u00fcttner","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.1.168","article-title":"Leptin effect on endothelial nitric oxide is mediated through Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation pathway","volume":"51","author":"Vecchione","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"27","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25096","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007383200","article-title":"Leptin induces mitochondrial superoxide production and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells by increasing fatty acid oxidation via protein kinase A","volume":"276","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E17-03-0141","article-title":"Egr-1 mediates leptin-induced PPAR\u03b3 reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"29","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt126","article-title":"Leptin promotes neointima formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation via NADPH oxidase activation and signalling in caveolin-rich microdomains","volume":"99","author":"Schroeter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R960","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00336.2015","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle-specific deletion of the leptin receptor attenuates leptin-induced alterations in vascular relaxation","volume":"310","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968","article-title":"Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"67","author":"Hubert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.029","article-title":"Increased hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in mice lacking both ApoE and leptin receptor","volume":"181","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"40","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37402","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010176200","article-title":"Severe hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis in mice lacking both leptin and the low density lipoprotein receptor","volume":"276","author":"Hasty","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000056523.08033.9F","article-title":"Increased low-density lipoprotein oxidation and impaired high-density lipoprotein antioxidant defense are associated with increased macrophage homing and atherosclerosis in dyslipidemic obese mice: LCAT gene transfer decreases atherosclerosis","volume":"107","author":"Mertens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.022","article-title":"Leptin dose-dependently decreases atherosclerosis by attenuation of hypercholesterolemia and induction of adiponectin","volume":"1862","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.031","article-title":"Leptin treatment inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis by attenuating hypercholesterolemia in type 1 diabetic Ins2(+\/Akita):apoE(-\/-) mice","volume":"225","author":"Jun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"44","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43224","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302645200","article-title":"Leptin induces the hepatic high density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) but not cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in leptin-deficient (ob\/ob) mice","volume":"278","author":"Lund\u00e5sen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.149567","article-title":"Defective leptin\/leptin receptor signaling improves regulatory T cell immune response and protects mice from atherosclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Taleb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E488","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00374.2007","article-title":"The role of macrophage leptin receptor in aortic root lesion formation","volume":"294","author":"Surmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10026","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X","article-title":"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants","volume":"387","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121110194178300_CIT0377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461","article-title":"Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa027\/34865032\/bnaa027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/42\/1\/1\/41723663\/bnaa027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/42\/1\/1\/41723663\/bnaa027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1697017457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/42\/1\/1\/5956316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"references-count":377,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]}}}