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Since that time, hormonal therapy has undergone iterative advancement, from the types of gonadal testosterone deprivation to modalities that block the generation of adrenal and other extragonadal androgens, to those that directly bind and inhibit the androgen receptor (AR). The clinical states of prostate cancer are the product of a superimposition of these therapies with nonmetastatic advanced prostate cancer, as well as frankly metastatic disease. Today\u2019s standard of care for advanced prostate cancer includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (e.g., leuprolide), second-generation nonsteroidal AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) and the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of hormonal therapies for the various clinical states of prostate cancer. The advancement of today\u2019s standard of care will require an accounting of an individual\u2019s androgen physiology that also has recently recognized germline determinants of peripheral androgen metabolism, which include HSD3B1 inheritance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T13:43:53Z","timestamp":1611409433000},"page":"354-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":428,"title":["Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kunal","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021120109101620500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J 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