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This phenomenon was initially discovered for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R), a vital GPCR for maintaining normal calcium and phosphate levels in the body with the paradoxical ability to build or break down bone in response to PTH binding. The diverse biological processes regulated by this receptor are thought to depend on its capacity to mediate diverse modes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. These include transient signaling at the plasma membrane and sustained signaling from internalized PTH1R within early endosomes mediated by PTH. Here we discuss recent structural, cell signaling, and in vivo studies that unveil potential pharmacological outputs of the spatial versus temporal dimension of PTH1R signaling via cAMP. Notably, the combination of molecular dynamics simulations and elastic network model\u2013based methods revealed how precise modulation of PTH signaling responses is achieved through structure-encoded allosteric coupling within the receptor and between the peptide hormone binding site and the G protein coupling interface. The implications of recent findings are now being explored for addressing key questions on how location bias in receptor signaling contributes to pharmacological functions, and how to drug a difficult target such as the PTH1R toward discovering nonpeptidic small molecule candidates for the treatment of metabolic bone and mineral diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T09:48:20Z","timestamp":1670838500000},"page":"474-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of PTH\/PTHrP Class B GPCR Signaling and Pharmacological Implications"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Vilardaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa J","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex D","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2168-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ieva","family":"Sutkeviciute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivet","family":"Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , 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