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On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader\u2013Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T16:57:22Z","timestamp":1701277042000},"page":"309-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoong-Wei","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust , Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH , UK"},{"name":"Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Cerbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust , Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH , UK"},{"name":"Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehul Tulsidas","family":"Dattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust , Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH , UK"},{"name":"Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00060","article-title":"Hypothalamic obesity after craniopharyngiomas: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Lustig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S156","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.110667","article-title":"Maps of the adult human hypothalamus","volume":"4","author":"Lemaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00001-0","article-title":"Genetic aspects of hypothalamic and pituitary gland development","volume":"124","author":"McCabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.04.002","article-title":"Molecular genetics of the developing neuroendocrine hypothalamus","volume":"323","author":"Szarek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B5","first-page":"531","article-title":"Tumeur du corps pituitaire san acromegalie et avec arret de developpement des organs genitaux","volume":"8","author":"Babinski","year":"1900","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B6","first-page":"883","article-title":"Ein fall von tumor der hypophysis cerebri ohne akromegalie","volume":"15","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"1901","journal-title":"Wiener Klin Rdsch"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050708213049200_bnad033-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1993.tb00627.x","article-title":"Commentary on classics of obesity. 4. 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