{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:13:46Z","timestamp":1792088026769,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":392,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO 1075\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO 1075\/12-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Frost Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004807","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL 2900\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL 2900\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019690","name":"Collaborative Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC1506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019690","name":"Collaborative Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["450627322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["450627322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Graduate Training Group GRK 1789"},{"name":"CRC1149","award":["251293561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251293561"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Skin is the largest organ of the human body and undergoes both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging. While intrinsic skin aging is driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, extrinsic aging is mediated by external threats such as UV irradiation or fine particular matters, the sum of which is referred to as exposome. The clinical manifestations and biochemical changes are different between intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, albeit overlapping features exist, eg, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, extracellular matrix degradation, telomere shortening, increased lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. As skin is a prominent target for many hormones, the molecular and biochemical processes underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging are under tight control of classical neuroendocrine axes. However, skin is also an endocrine organ itself, including the hair follicle, a fully functional neuroendocrine \u201cminiorgan.\u201d Here we review pivotal hormones controlling human skin aging focusing on IGF-1, a key fibroblast-derived orchestrator of skin aging, of GH, estrogens, retinoids, and melatonin. The emerging roles of additional endocrine players, ie, \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a central player of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; oxytocin, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, are also reviewed. Until now, only a limited number of these hormones, mainly topical retinoids and estrogens, have found their way into clinical practice as anti-skin aging compounds. Further research into the biological properties of endocrine players or its derivatives may offer the development of novel senotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of skin aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T15:03:03Z","timestamp":1740495783000},"page":"349-375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7338-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster , M\u00fcnster 48149 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agatha","family":"Stegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster , M\u00fcnster 48149 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Paus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"CUTANEON\u2013Skin & Hair Innovations, 22335 Hamburg yi,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"CUTANEON\u2013Skin & Hair Innovations, 13125 Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Kleszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster , M\u00fcnster 48149 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University , 89081 Ulm ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinhard","family":"Wlaschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University , 89081 Ulm ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Scharffetter-Kochanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University , 89081 Ulm 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