{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:17:59Z","timestamp":1791141479980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There has been significant progress in understanding the molecular landscape of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) over the past 2 decades. Classification of pediatric DFC into 3 tiers, RAS-like mutant, BRAF mutant, and kinase fusions, accurately reflects an increasing risk for invasive behavior, including regional and distant metastasis. In clinical practice, somatic oncogene testing for nodules with indeterminate cytology per the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology provides objective data to optimize surgical planning. In addition, knowledge of the somatic oncogene for widely invasive carcinomas allows for incorporation of oncogene-specific inhibitory therapy both in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. In the present review, we review the risk factors, clinical presentation, and evaluation of pediatric DTC, highlighting the correlation among ultrasound features, cytology, and oncogenic driver of the tumor. We subsequently propose an integrated, multimodal approach that can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability for preoperative planning as well as identify and discuss which pediatric patients may benefit from systemic oral targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T05:34:50Z","timestamp":1738992890000},"page":"397-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeline T","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-9454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sin-ting Tiffany","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore W","family":"Laetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 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F","family":"Surrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aime T","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C Marques","family":"Ricarte-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sogol","family":"Mostoufi-Moab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Scott","family":"Adzick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kazahaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 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