{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:52:42Z","timestamp":1791337962224,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pharmacotherapy involving hormones and hormone-derived molecules has various potential treatment targets. This includes addressing (partial) hormonal deficiencies, pursuing osteoanabolic effects, providing contraceptive options, or supporting gender-affirming transitions. In chronotherapy, the timing of the administration of active ingredients and different pharmaceutical forms is leveraged to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, based on the principle that it is optimal for drugs to be administered according to the body's circadian rhythms. Just as a drummer sets the pace and keeps the rhythm steady for the entire band, the physician, through the application of chronotherapy, ensures the treatment regimen is harmonized with the body's internal clock. However, while this is a consolidated aspect for several endocrine treatments, for others, it represents a novelty. The new advancements in the treatment of osteoporosis, with the latest parathyroid hormone\u2013related protein analogue, abaloparatide, or in congenital adrenal hyperplasia with the new long-lasting hydrocortisone formulation, are notable examples. We herein summarized the state of the art regarding the hormonal circadian rhythm to discuss in depth the evidence available regarding the correct timing of commonly administered hormonal therapies in adult patients. By offering clear indications, this manuscript delves into the importance of harmonizing hormonal therapy with circadian rhythms through chronotherapy, exploring its potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T06:56:41Z","timestamp":1745045801000},"page":"670-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: \u201cDoctor, What Time Should I Take My Medication?\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Colonnello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), University of Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Graziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova , 35128 Padova ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Voltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova , 35122 Padova ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0820-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Marcello","family":"Isidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ferlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova , 35128 Padova ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8217-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Gnessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome , 00161 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0804","article-title":"Minireview: entrainment of the suprachiasmatic clockwork in diurnal and nocturnal mammals","volume":"148","author":"Challet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.11.5962","article-title":"Persistence of circadian rhythmicity in a mammalian hypothalamic \u201cisland\u201d containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"76","author":"Inouye","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.07.002","article-title":"Molecular architecture of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"24","author":"Partch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6381","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao0318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0318","article-title":"Diurnal transcriptome atlas of a primate across major neural and peripheral tissues","volume":"359","author":"Mure","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010777","article-title":"Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans","volume":"7","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071410","article-title":"The influence of ketone bodies on circadian processes regarding appetite, sleep and hormone release: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Masi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.754457","article-title":"On the adaptive significance of circadian clocks for their owners","volume":"30","author":"Vaze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516442113","article-title":"Natural selection against a circadian clock gene mutation in mice","volume":"113","author":"Spoelstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0026-z","article-title":"Generation of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"19","author":"Hastings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6002","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195262","article-title":"Temperature as a universal resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators","volume":"330","author":"Buhr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1201-1_2","volume-title":"Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology","author":"Daan","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.026","article-title":"Entrainment of the mouse circadian clock: effects of stress, exercise, and nutrition","volume":"119","author":"Tahara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1802337","article-title":"Circadian mechanisms in medicine","volume":"384","author":"Allada","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a033613","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033613","article-title":"Introduction to chronobiology","volume":"10","author":"Kuhlman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105102","article-title":"Endocrine effects of circadian disruption","volume":"78","author":"Bedrosian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2016.1184678","article-title":"Circadian disruption: new clinical perspective of disease pathology and basis for chronotherapeutic intervention","volume":"33","author":"Smolensky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00109-w","article-title":"Circadian rhythm as a therapeutic target","volume":"20","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115185","article-title":"Recent advances in circadian-regulated pharmacokinetics and its implications for chronotherapy","volume":"203","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.108369","article-title":"Chronopharmacodynamics of drugs in toxicological aspects: a short review for clinical pharmacists and pharmacy practitioners","volume":"1","author":"Erkekoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.108369","article-title":"Chronopharmacokinetics of drugs in toxicological aspects: a short review for pharmacy practitioners","volume":"1","author":"Erkekoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.05.009","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in gene expression: relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action","volume":"62","author":"Sukumaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53020-1","article-title":"Organization of circadian functions: interaction with the body","volume":"153","author":"Buijs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-021-09751-2","article-title":"Circadian rhythms: influence on physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"48","author":"Ayyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.06.001","article-title":"Effects of morning vs evening statin administration on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Awad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1590\/S2237-60892013000100002","article-title":"Chronotype: a review of the advances, limits and applicability of the main instruments used in the literature to assess human phenotype","volume":"35","author":"Levandovski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13442","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13442","article-title":"Mindful larks and lonely owls: the relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults","volume":"31","author":"Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202210-885OC","article-title":"Morning chronotype is associated with improved adherence to continuous positive airway pressure among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"20","author":"Knauert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102633","article-title":"Effect of timed dosing of usual antihypertensives according to patient chronotype on cardiovascular outcomes: the chronotype sub-study cohort of the treatment in morning versus evening (TIME) study","volume":"72","author":"Pigazzani","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B29","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Evening types demonstrate reduced SSRI treatment efficacy","volume":"35","author":"McGlashan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05898-4","article-title":"Significant impact of time-of-day variation on metformin pharmacokinetics","volume":"66","author":"T\u00fcrk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.01.001","article-title":"Chronobiology in the endocrine system","volume":"59","author":"Haus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0237-z","article-title":"Interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function","volume":"15","author":"Ikegami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737581","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.737581","article-title":"The circadian clock is sustained in the thyroid gland of VIP receptor 2 deficient mice","volume":"12","author":"Georg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2674","article-title":"Free triiodothyronine has a distinct circadian rhythm that is delayed but parallels thyrotropin levels","volume":"93","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B35","first-page":"426","article-title":"Chronothyroidology: chronobiological aspects in thyroid function and diseases","volume":"11","author":"Bellastella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-1-83","article-title":"Circadian and pulsatile thyrotropin secretion in euthyroid man under the influence of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid administration*","volume":"65","author":"Brabant","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-157","article-title":"Effect of 64-hour sleep deprivation on the circadian waveform of thyrotropin (TSH): further evidence of sleep-related inhibition of TSH release","volume":"64","author":"Parker","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.8.1115","article-title":"Changes in serum TSH and free T4 during human sleep restriction","volume":"33","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0600","article-title":"Seasonal changes in serum thyrotropin concentrations observed from big data obtained during six consecutive years from 2010 to 2015 at a single hospital in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107286","article-title":"Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the neonate and the acute increases in these hormones following delivery","volume":"52","author":"Abuid","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2020-0008","article-title":"Relationship between the night shift work and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Coppeta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230035","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0035","article-title":"Circadian clock disruption in autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.09.004","article-title":"Regulatory aspects of the human hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis","volume":"31","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1959","article-title":"Thyrotropin secretion in mild and severe primary hypothyroidism is distinguished by amplified burst mass and basal secretion with increased spikiness and approximate entropy","volume":"95","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1145","article-title":"Thyrotropin secretion by thyrotropinomas is characterized by increased pulse frequency, delayed diurnal rhythm, enhanced basal secretion, spikiness, and disorderliness","volume":"93","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-0004-x","article-title":"Oral and intravenous thyroxine (T4) achieve comparable serum levels for hormonal resuscitation protocol in organ donors: a randomized double-blinded study","volume":"60","author":"Sharpe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000503324","article-title":"Treatment with intramuscular levothyroxine in refractory hypothyroidism","volume":"6","author":"Garayalde Gamboa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20173317","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3317","article-title":"Rectal levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism: a case study","volume":"142","author":"Ybarra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028","article-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement","volume":"24","author":"Jonklaas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9843961","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9843961","article-title":"A prospective study comparing two-time points of thyroid hormone replacement during the holy month of ramadan","volume":"2019","author":"Dabbous","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0110","article-title":"Optimal timing of thyroid hormone replacement during ramadan fasting: a randomized controlled trial in patients with prior total thyroidectomy","volume":"32","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14172","article-title":"Effect of l-thyroxine administration before breakfast vs at bedtime on hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-015-0116-6","article-title":"Comorbidities, concomitant medications, and diet as factors affecting levothyroxine therapy: results of the CONTROL surveillance project","volume":"16","author":"McMillan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad172","article-title":"Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on levothyroxine and liothyronine combination therapy in totally thyroidectomized subjects: the LEVOLIO study","volume":"190","author":"Brigante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.81","article-title":"Thyroid hormone levels affected by time of blood sampling in thyroxine-treated patients","volume":"3","author":"Ain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B56","first-page":"e71756","article-title":"Effect of pre- and postprandial plasma glucose levels on thyroid hormones: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Sathiyamoorthi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B57","first-page":"138","article-title":"Serum TSH variability in normal individuals: the influence of time of sample collection","volume":"100","author":"Scobbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"W V Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2118","article-title":"Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"101","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01005-7","article-title":"Effects of calorie intake and sampling time on thyroid stimulating hormone concentration","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2015.08.020","article-title":"The impact of time of sample collection on the measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone values in the serum","volume":"48","author":"Mirjanic-Azaric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0553-2","article-title":"How the reference values for serum parathyroid hormone concentration are (or should be) established?","volume":"40","author":"Souberbielle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1710","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"101","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01859-7","article-title":"Adult- and late-onset male hypogonadism: the clinical practice guidelines of the Italian society of andrology and sexual medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)","volume":"45","author":"Isidori","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Bhasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12280.GL","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association","volume":"18","author":"Garber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14742","article-title":"Combined T4 + T3 therapy versus T4 monotherapy effect on psychological health in hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000339444","article-title":"2012 ETA guidelines: the use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the treatment of hypothyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02052-2","article-title":"T4 + T3 combination therapy: any progress?","volume":"66","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-018-0045-x","article-title":"Management of hypothyroidism with combination thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone replacement in clinical practice: a review of suggested guidance","volume":"11","author":"Dayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9156478","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9156478","article-title":"Insights into the role of circadian rhythms in bone metabolism: a promising intervention target?","volume":"2018","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B71","first-page":"281","article-title":"The parathyroid hormone circadian rhythm is truly endogenous\u2014a general clinical research center study*","volume":"82","author":"Fuleihan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0124-6","article-title":"Circadian variation of mineral and bone parameters in end-stage renal disease","volume":"28","author":"Trivedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14049","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2014.49","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone pulsatility: physiological and clinical aspects","volume":"3","author":"Chiavistelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02493.x","article-title":"Alteration of the circadian rhythm of intact parathyroid hormone following a 96-hour fast","volume":"40","author":"Fraser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-69","article-title":"Circadian variation in ionized calcium and intact parathyroid hormone: evidence for sex differences in calcium homeostasis*","volume":"72","author":"Calvo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13455","article-title":"Optimal dosing and delivery of parathyroid hormone and its analogues for osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism - translating the pharmacology","volume":"84","author":"Tay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000133985.29880.34","article-title":"The physiology of the circadian rhythm of parathyroid hormone and its potential as a treatment for osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Fraser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00888.x","article-title":"The loss of circadian rhythm for intact parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous cyclic AMP in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"32","author":"Logue","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-930","article-title":"The histomorphometry of bone in primary hyperparathyroidism: preservation of cancellous bone structure","volume":"70","author":"Parisien","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0850223","article-title":"Modulation of the anabolic effect of synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment-(I-34) in the bone of growing rats by variations in the dosage regimen","volume":"85","author":"Riond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1428559","article-title":"New and developing pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis in men","volume":"19","author":"Gennari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.09.018","article-title":"Advances in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism with PTH 1-34","volume":"120","author":"Winer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4214","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021736","article-title":"Long-term treatment of hypoparathyroidism: a randomized controlled study comparing parathyroid hormone-(1\u201334) versus calcitriol and calcium","volume":"88","author":"Winer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B84","first-page":"391","article-title":"Synthetic human parathyroid hormone 1-34 replacement therapy: a randomized crossover trial comparing pump versus injections in the treatment of chronic hypoparathyroidism","volume":"97","author":"Winer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02577-x","article-title":"Chronic hypoparathyroidism and treatment with teriparatide","volume":"72","author":"Marcucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B86","author":"European Commission"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3718","article-title":"Effects of abaloparatide, a human parathyroid hormone-related peptide analog, on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"100","author":"Leder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1955-4","article-title":"Effects of morning vs. Evening teriparatide injection on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"23","author":"Michalska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0315","article-title":"Sampling and storage conditions influencing the measurement of parathyroid hormone in blood samples: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Hanon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0501","article-title":"EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON FASTING AND FOOD-STIMULATED LEVELS OF CALCITONIN, PARATHYROID, AND GASTRIN HORMONES IN HEALTHY ADULTS","volume":"25","author":"Momani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-3-549","article-title":"Effect of meal on serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin: possible role of secretin*","volume":"56","author":"Sethi","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0314","article-title":"Considerations in parathyroid hormone testing","volume":"53","author":"Cavalier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1486","article-title":"Glucocorticoids as entraining signals for peripheral circadian oscillators","volume":"153","author":"Pez\u00fck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsae151","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae151","article-title":"Rhythms in cortisol mediate sleep and circadian impacts on health","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.24.7128","article-title":"Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit food-induced phase-shifting of peripheral circadian oscillators","volume":"20","author":"Le Minh","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0415","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock","volume":"200","author":"Dickmeis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"52","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806962106","article-title":"Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production","volume":"105","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-2-266","article-title":"Characterization of the normal temporal pattern of plasma corticosteroid levels","volume":"32","author":"Krieger","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae016","article-title":"Current challenges and future directions in the assessment of glucocorticoid status","volume":"45","author":"Clarke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1792","article-title":"Gut protein uptake and mechanisms of meal-induced cortisol release","volume":"90","author":"Benedict","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112563","article-title":"Food craving, cortisol and ghrelin responses in modeling highly palatable snack intake in the laboratory","volume":"208","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B102","first-page":"3082","article-title":"Metabolic effects of short-term elevations of plasma cortisol are more pronounced in the evening than in the morning","volume":"84","author":"Plat","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1591","article-title":"Age and the metabolic syndrome affect salivary cortisol rhythm: data from a community sample","volume":"14","author":"Ceccato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-018-0921-1","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of increased late night salivary cortisol for Cushing's syndrome: a real-life prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Ceccato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","article-title":"Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Pivonello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105462","article-title":"Circadian clock disruption impairs immune oscillation in chronic endogenous hypercortisolism: a multi-level analysis from a multicentre clinical trial","volume":"110","author":"Hasenmajer","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R157","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00314.2018","article-title":"Separate and interacting effects of the endogenous circadian system and behaviors on plasma aldosterone in humans","volume":"316","author":"Thosar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01928","article-title":"Primary adrenal insufficiency: managing mineralocorticoid replacement therapy","volume":"103","author":"Esposito","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1S","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.10.019","article-title":"Sleep-independent circadian rhythm of aldosterone secretion in healthy young adults","volume":"10","author":"Scheuermaier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105685","article-title":"Aldosterone secretion during the day: salivary aldosterone awakening response and daytime levels","volume":"139","author":"Gideon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F407","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00025.2023","article-title":"Impact of sleep on chronobiology of micturition among healthy older adults","volume":"325","author":"Tyagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914497","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.914497","article-title":"Sleep restriction and recurrent circadian disruption differentially affects blood pressure, sodium retention, and aldosterone secretion","volume":"13","author":"McMullan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018810380214","article-title":"Replication of cortisol circadian rhythm: new advances in hydrocortisone replacement therapy","volume":"1","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0578","article-title":"Impaired subjective health status in chronic adrenal insufficiency: impact of different glucocorticoid replacement regimens","volume":"159","author":"Bleicken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.09.010","article-title":"Novel strategies for hydrocortisone replacement","volume":"23","author":"Debono","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1926","article-title":"Improved cortisol exposure-time profile and outcome in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a prospective randomized trial of a novel hydrocortisone dual-release formulation","volume":"97","author":"Johannsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02187-7","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone for treatment of adrenal insufficiency: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Mongio\u00ec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01865","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Speiser","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B119","first-page":"CD012517","article-title":"Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"3","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12045","article-title":"Glucocorticoid treatment regimen and health outcomes in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"78","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105540","article-title":"Effect of androgen excess and glucocorticoid exposure on metabolic risk profiles in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"197","author":"Paizoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2022.1528","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"37","author":"Nordenstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12316","article-title":"An oral multiparticulate, modified-release, hydrocortisone replacement therapy that provides physiological cortisol exposure","volume":"80","author":"Whitaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2063","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab051","article-title":"Modified-release hydrocortisone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"106","author":"Merke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404656","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of crinecerfont in adult congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"391","author":"Auchus","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-015-9841-6","article-title":"Modeling testosterone circadian rhythm in hypogonadal males: effect of age and circannual variations","volume":"18","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sales","year":"2016","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7296","article-title":"Disruption of the nocturnal testosterone rhythm by sleep fragmentation in normal men","volume":"86","author":"Luboshitzky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.00095.x","article-title":"Testosterone and sleep-related erections: an overview*","volume":"2","author":"Montorsi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000630","article-title":"Absent diurnal variation in serum testosterone in young men with testosterone deficiency","volume":"203","author":"Shlykova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab268","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab268","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in the neuronal network timing the luteinizing hormone surge","volume":"163","author":"Tonsfeldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B131","first-page":"560","article-title":"Morning and evening human Leydig cell responses to hCG","volume":"95","author":"Nankin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvac153","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac153","article-title":"Endogenous diurnal patterns of adrenal and gonadal hormones during a 24-hour constant routine after simulated shift work","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4907-4.00001-2","volume-title":"Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology","author":"Clifton","year":"2009","edition":"6th ed"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0135","article-title":"Testosterone's short-term positive effect on luteinizing-hormone secretory-burst mass and its negative effect on secretory-burst frequency are attenuated in middle-aged men","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsaa008","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa008","article-title":"Age and time-of-day differences in the hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular, and adrenal, response to total overnight sleep deprivation","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-6-1278","article-title":"Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging in normal men","volume":"56","author":"Bremner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.10.040","article-title":"Increased risk of hypogonadal symptoms in shift workers with shift work sleep disorder","volume":"138","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.06.009","article-title":"Shift work sleep disorder and night shift work significantly impair erectile function","volume":"17","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14116","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14116","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of shift working and sleep quality on semen parameters in men attending infertility clinic","volume":"53","author":"Demirkol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100409","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100409","article-title":"Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and the metabolic syndrome in men: an individual participant data meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"9","author":"Brand","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01816-4","article-title":"First baseline data of the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group (KING) cohort: clinical features of adult with Klinefelter syndrome in Italy","volume":"45","author":"Pasquali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3436","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab375","article-title":"Clamping cortisol and testosterone mitigates the development of insulin resistance during sleep restriction in men","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0568-9","article-title":"Testosterone is sequestered in dysfunctional adipose tissue, modifying androgen-responsive genes","volume":"44","author":"Di Nisio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02976.x","article-title":"Intraindividual variation in levels of serum testosterone and other reproductive and adrenal hormones in men","volume":"67","author":"Brambilla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04486.x","article-title":"Abrupt decrease in serum testosterone levels after an oral glucose load in men: implications for screening for hypogonadism","volume":"78","author":"Caronia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12774","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"8","author":"Barbonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0221","article-title":"Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved","volume":"165","author":"Saad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa238","article-title":"A new oral testosterone undecanoate formulation restores testosterone to normal concentrations in hypogonadal men","volume":"105","author":"Swerdloff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B149","first-page":"4500","article-title":"Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men1","volume":"85","author":"Swerdloff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(89)90012-7","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of steroids","volume":"39","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.07.10","article-title":"Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations","volume":"5","author":"Shoskes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1445969","article-title":"Pharmacological management of late-onset hypogonadism","volume":"11","author":"Rastrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3452","article-title":"Supra-physiological doses of anabolic androgenic steroids impact erythropoietin and blood parameters","volume":"15","author":"Heiland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.109.009597","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of long-acting testosterone undecanoate injections in hypogonadal men: an 84-week phase III clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.944896","article-title":"Injectable testosterone undecanoate for the treatment of hypogonadism","volume":"15","author":"Corona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0260","article-title":"Lower serum estradiol levels in assigned female at birth transgender people with initiation of testosterone therapy: results from the European network for the investigation of gender incongruence","volume":"7","author":"Defreyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2023.2276760","article-title":"Developments and challenges for new and emergent preparations for male hypogonadism treatment","volume":"32","author":"Corona","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00803","article-title":"Endogenous circadian regulation of female reproductive hormones","volume":"104","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"39","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209249111","article-title":"Loss of BMAL1 in ovarian steroidogenic cells results in implantation failure in female mice","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy245","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations with circadian rhythm regulator per1\/per2 lead to premature ovarian insufficiency\u2020","volume":"100","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330290107449","article-title":"Effects of shiftwork on sleep and menstrual function in nurses","volume":"23","author":"Labyak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01943-y","article-title":"Aging attenuates the ovarian circadian rhythm","volume":"38","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.10.012","article-title":"Daily rhythms count for female fertility","volume":"31","author":"Simonneaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000057339","article-title":"Sex hormone receptors are present in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"75","author":"Kruijver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"41","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.518","article-title":"CLOCK is a substrate of SUMO and sumoylation of CLOCK upregulates the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-\u03b1","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-2-414","article-title":"Physiological profiles of episodic progesterone release during the midluteal phase of the human menstrual cycle: analysis of circadian and ultradian rhythms, discrete pulse properties, and correlations with simultaneous luteinizing hormone release","volume":"66","author":"Veldhuis","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2739","article-title":"Absence of circadian rhythms of gonadotropin secretion in women","volume":"96","author":"Klingman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480227","article-title":"Diurnal rhythm of free estradiol during the menstrual cycle","volume":"148","author":"Bao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1425","article-title":"Association between circadian rhythm disruption and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac139","article-title":"Derailed peripheral circadian genes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients alters peripheral conversion of androgens synthesis","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4414","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab474","article-title":"Sleep habits of women with infertility","volume":"106","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1514916","article-title":"CLINICAL PRACTICE. Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"375","author":"McCartney","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0122-1","article-title":"Circadian clocks and insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Stenvers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-9523(02)00233-7","article-title":"Estrogen: physiology, pharmacology, and formulations for replacement therapy","volume":"47","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004","article-title":"Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Teede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B176","first-page":"CD013138","article-title":"Antiandrogen or estradiol treatment or both during hormone therapy in transitioning transgender women","volume":"11","author":"Haupt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.109656","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of different estrogens are not equivalent","volume":"184","author":"Ansbacher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.046","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause","volume":"106","author":"Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.126516","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of physiological and standard sex steroid replacement regimens in premature ovarian failure","volume":"53","author":"Langrish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03868.x","article-title":"Physiological versus standard sex steroid replacement in young women with premature ovarian failure: effects on bone mass acquisition and turnover","volume":"73","author":"Crofton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew027","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency","volume":"31","author":"Webber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.000854","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptives as victims of drug interactions","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100730","article-title":"Hormonal replacement therapy in adolescents and young women with chemo- or radio-induced premature ovarian insufficiency: practical recommendations","volume":"45","author":"Cattoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2005.240","article-title":"Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility editors: Leon Speroff, Marc A Fritz 7th edition 2005","volume":"1","author":"Gussi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica (Buc)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.662547","article-title":"An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate\/dienogest","volume":"28","author":"Fruzzetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.01.004","article-title":"Oral contraception","volume":"99","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100814","article-title":"Diurnal variation of antidiuretic hormone and urinary output in spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Kilin\u00e7","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820683-6.00021-X","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis in children: the role of arginine-vasopressin","volume":"181","author":"Kamperis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737082","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4737082","article-title":"The circadian rhythm of copeptin, the C-terminal portion of arginine vasopressin","volume":"2017","author":"Beglinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomark"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2174\/157488607781668891","article-title":"Desmopressin 30 years in clinical use: a safety review","volume":"2","author":"Vande Walle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac547","article-title":"Changing the name of diabetes insipidus: a position statement of the working group for renaming diabetes insipidus","volume":"108","author":"Arima","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-46-3-381","article-title":"DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin) treatment of central diabetes insipidus--mechanism of prolonged antidiuresis","volume":"46","author":"Seif","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-1-129","article-title":"Antidiuretic effect and pharmacokinetics of oral 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. 1. Studies in adults and children","volume":"63","author":"Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13261","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of diabetes insipidus for the internist: an update","volume":"290","author":"Christ-Crain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742294","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.742294","article-title":"The GH-IGF-1 axis in circadian rhythm","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B196","first-page":"1441","article-title":"A quantitative estimation of growth hormone secretion in normal man: reproducibility and relation to sleep and time of day","volume":"74","author":"Van Cauter","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175845","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1175845","article-title":"The emerging role of circadian rhythms in the development and function of thermogenic fat","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.060","article-title":"Age-related changes in growth hormone (GH) cells in the pituitary gland of male mice are mediated by GH-releasing hormone but not by somatostatin in the hypothalamus","volume":"998","author":"Kuwahara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13823","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.722744","article-title":"Evidence for a circadian effect on the reduction of human growth hormone gene expression in response to excess caloric intake","volume":"291","author":"Vakili","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab023","article-title":"Growth hormone pulses and liver gene expression are differentially regulated by the circadian clock gene bmal1","volume":"162","author":"Schoeller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.7","article-title":"Regulation of human growth hormone secretion and its disorders","volume":"41","author":"Kato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2121","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz149","article-title":"Long-acting growth hormone preparations - current status and future considerations","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030893","article-title":"Treatment with growth hormone for adults with growth hormone deficiency syndrome: benefits and risks","volume":"19","author":"D\u00edez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000191323","article-title":"Optimizing growth hormone therapy in children","volume":"48","author":"Grimberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12057.1","article-title":"Update on GH therapy in adults","volume":"6","author":"Boguszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.04.021","article-title":"Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I with intake of dietary proteins and other macronutrients","volume":"40","author":"Watling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.2.350","article-title":"The glycemic index of foods influences postprandial insulin-like growth factor-binding protein responses in lean young subjects","volume":"82","author":"Brand-Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0220","article-title":"Assessment of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in human","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00317-7","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2225","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418955112","article-title":"Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans","volume":"112","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.2007.S258","article-title":"Ultradian oscillations of insulin secretion in humans","volume":"51","author":"Simon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051034","article-title":"Evidence for a circadian rhythm of insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets","volume":"41","author":"Peschke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12616","article-title":"A functional circadian clock is required for proper insulin secretion by human pancreatic islet cells","volume":"18","author":"Saini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"7306","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09253","article-title":"Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes","volume":"466","author":"Marcheva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.11.004","article-title":"The core clock gene, bmal1, and its downstream target, the SNARE regulatory protein secretagogin, are necessary for circadian secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"31","author":"Biancolin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23770-0","article-title":"Cellular and physiological circadian mechanisms drive diurnal cell proliferation and expansion of white adipose tissue","volume":"12","author":"Ribas-Latre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12886","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12886","article-title":"Mealtime: a circadian disruptor and determinant of energy balance?","volume":"32","author":"Ruddick-Collins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.08.009","article-title":"Circadian rhythms and meal timing: impact on energy balance and body weight","volume":"70","author":"Boege","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.3.29","article-title":"Insulin therapy in type II diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Koivisto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0649","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine given in the evening as compared with in the morning in type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Porcellati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102154","article-title":"A practical guide for the management of steroid induced hyperglycaemia in the hospital","volume":"10","author":"Aberer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad037","article-title":"The basis for weekly insulin therapy: evolving evidence with insulin icodec and insulin efsitora alfa","volume":"45","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.6.4864","article-title":"Circadian and ultradian variations of leptin in normal man under continuous enteral nutrition: relationship to sleep and body temperature","volume":"83","author":"Simon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545821","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic nuclei may regulate the rhythm of leptin hormone release in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)","volume":"23","author":"Karakas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.08.008","article-title":"Circadian dysfunction and obesity: is leptin the missing link?","volume":"22","author":"Dibner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0910","article-title":"Insulin directly regulates the circadian clock in adipose tissue","volume":"70","author":"Tuvia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1068","article-title":"Impairment of peripheral circadian clocks precedes metabolic abnormalities in ob\/ob mice","volume":"152","author":"Ando","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B228","first-page":"453","article-title":"Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of gender and adiposity1","volume":"83","author":"Saad","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s40619-021-00983-5","article-title":"Ritmi circadiani e variabili metaboliche","volume":"22","author":"Benazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"L'Endocrinologo"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00185","article-title":"Circadian adaptations to meal timing: neuroendocrine mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Patton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01566-9","article-title":"Secretion of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP may be affected by circadian rhythm in healthy males","volume":"24","author":"Zilstorff","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac118","article-title":"Disrupted and elevated circadian secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in a murine model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"163","author":"Biancolin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B233","first-page":"139","article-title":"Gut clock: implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"62","author":"Konturek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-021-00341-8","article-title":"A review on the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide","volume":"21","author":"Niman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917041394700_bnaf013-B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-023-01223-9","article-title":"Effect of various dosing schedules on the pharmacokinetics of oral semaglutide: a randomised trial in healthy subjects","volume":"62","author":"van Hout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf013\/62956676\/bnaf013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/46\/5\/670\/62956676\/bnaf013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/46\/5\/670\/62956676\/bnaf013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:04:45Z","timestamp":1758315885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/46\/5\/670\/8116462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"references-count":236,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]}}}