{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:36:19Z","timestamp":1791336979511,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge and guidelines on lung carcinoids, emphasizing the multidimensional approach required for effective diagnosis and management. The manuscript will: (i) define and classify lung carcinoids in accordance with the latest WHO classification system, and emphasize the importance of molecular markers for precise subtyping; (ii) analyze epidemiological trends, discuss prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates, alongside key risk factors including genetic predispositions (MEN1) and precursor lesions such as diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH); (iii) investigate the etiology and carcinogenesis of lung carcinoids, including insights into the molecular hallmarks and pathways that underlie tumor development and progression; (iv) detail clinical presentations, distinguishing pulmonary symptoms from secretory syndromes (carcinoid syndrome and Cushing syndrome), supported by visual aids to elucidate symptom prevalence and implications; (v) present an integrated diagnostic approach, encompassing state-of-the-art imaging modalities (CT, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], 68Ga-SSA-positron emission tomography [PET]-CT) and advanced molecular pathology techniques; (vi) outline evidence-based treatment strategies, addressing early-stage interventions, systemic therapies, locoregional therapies, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and agnostic approaches; (vii) explore the role of multidisciplinary management, highlighting the critical importance of tumor boards dedicated to lung carcinoids and provide a checklist of key items for comprehensive case discussion and decision-making; and (viii) conclude with future perspectives, identifying gaps in current knowledge and suggest directions for research to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnag001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1767875916000},"page":"351-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lung carcinoids (lung neuroendocrine tumors): integrated classification, molecular biology, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Koumarianou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 12462 ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Derks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3015 CP, Rotterdam ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Tsoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 11527 ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Volante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital , 10126 Torino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0724-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynnette","family":"Fernandez-Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Cancer Genomics Team, Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO) , 69366 Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO 63110 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Filosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Thoracic Surgery University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41121 Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Technologies for Health (Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286), Cancer Research Center of Lyon , 69373 Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Technologies for Health (Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286), Cancer Research Center of Lyon , 69373 Lyon ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, E Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon , 69003 Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, E Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon , 69003 Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13266","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor G3 of bronchopulmonary origin and its classification","volume":"72","author":"Kasajima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.08.001","article-title":"Lung carcinoids with high proliferative activity: further support for the identification of a new tumor category in the classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"148","author":"Rubino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000419","article-title":"Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis","volume":"10","author":"Steuer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001033","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) syndrome and carcinoid tumors with\/without NECH: a clinicopathologic, radiologic, and immunomolecular comparison study","volume":"42","author":"Mengoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01954-2015","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Rossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11276-9","article-title":"Integrative and comparative genomic analyses identify clinically relevant pulmonary carcinoid groups and unveil the supra-carcinoids","volume":"10","author":"Alcala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giaa112","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa112","article-title":"A molecular map of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"9","author":"Gabriel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0214","article-title":"Integrative genomic characterization identifies molecular subtypes of lung carcinoids","volume":"79","author":"Laddha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.11.018","article-title":"Identification of defined molecular subgroups on the basis of immunohistochemical analyses and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"20","author":"Leunissen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00374-7","article-title":"Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies","volume":"26","author":"Sen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-1494","article-title":"Atypical small cell lung cancer: a new malignancy characterized by chromothripsis, carcinoid tumors, and wild-type RB1 and TP53","volume":"15","author":"Nadeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06442-1","article-title":"Genetic insight into lung neuroendocrine tumors: Notch and Wnt signaling pathways as potential targets","volume":"23","author":"Pecora","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-024-03607-0","article-title":"Management of typical and atypical metastatic lung carcinoids: present and future perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100510","article-title":"Incidence and survival of neuroendocrine neoplasia in England 1995-2018: a retrospective, population-based study","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5440","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225440","article-title":"Lung carcinoids: a comprehensive review for clinicians","volume":"15","author":"Granberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.05.026","article-title":"The proposed ninth edition TNM classification of lung cancer","volume":"166","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.10.166","article-title":"Evaluation of the prognostic significance of TNM staging guidelines in lung carcinoid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03015-w","article-title":"Prognostic significance of laterality in lung neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"76","author":"La Salvia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.11.031","article-title":"Typical and atypical carcinoid tumours: analysis of the experience of the Spanish multi-centric study of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung","volume":"31","author":"Garc\u00eda-Yuste","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv505","article-title":"Risk factors for neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Leoncini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4135-z","article-title":"Histologically proven bronchial neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1: a GTE 51-case cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Lecomte","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.07.020","article-title":"Well-differentiated bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: more than one entity","volume":"16","author":"van den Broek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1014","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa800","article-title":"The management of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung in MEN1: results from the Dutch MEN1 study group","volume":"106","author":"van den Broek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000435921","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms and their precursor lesions in multiple Endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"103","author":"Bartsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1560","article-title":"Natural course and survival of neuroendocrine tumors of thymus and lung in MEN1 patients","volume":"99","author":"de Laat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0691","article-title":"Unraveling the intrafamilial correlations and heritability of tumor types in MEN1: a Groupe d\u2019\u00e9tude des Tumeurs Endocrines study","volume":"173","author":"Thevenon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.13.2285","article-title":"Identification of MEN1 gene mutations in sporadic carcinoid tumors of the lung","volume":"6","author":"Debelenko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000621","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of orthopedia homeobox (OTP) in pulmonary carcinoid tumors","volume":"40","author":"Nonaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101508","article-title":"Orthopedia homeobox (OTP) in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: the diagnostic value and possible molecular interactions","volume":"11","author":"Moonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm050620","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050620","article-title":"Investigating pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in human respiratory diseases with airway models","volume":"17","author":"Candeli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50281-5","article-title":"Early human fetal lung atlas reveals the temporal dynamics of epithelial cell plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Quach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78216","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78216","article-title":"Neuroendocrinology of the lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000497355","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment in neuroendocrine tumors: biology and therapeutic implications","volume":"109","author":"Cives","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33995","article-title":"The single-cell transcriptional landscape of lung carcinoid tumors","volume":"150","author":"Bischoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.05.003","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of lung atypical carcinoids and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas identifies three transcriptomic subtypes with specific genomic alterations","volume":"14","author":"Simbolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00578-2","article-title":"Defining and using immune archetypes to classify and treat cancer","volume":"23","author":"Combes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.004","article-title":"Discovering dominant tumor immune archetypes in a pan-cancer census","volume":"185","author":"Combes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0248-2","article-title":"Stage IV lung carcinoids: spectrum and evolution of proliferation rate, focusing on variants with elevated proliferation indices","volume":"32","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2946","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma reveals small cell carcinoma-like and non-small cell carcinoma-like subsets","volume":"22","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0286","article-title":"Chromothripsis-mediated small cell lung carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Rekhtman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4518","article-title":"Frequent mutations in chromatin-remodelling genes in pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"5","author":"Fernandez-Cuesta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.09.024","article-title":"Less is more: rare pulmonary neuroendocrine cells function as critical sensors in lung","volume":"55","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210293271806","article-title":"Idiopathic diffuse hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and airways disease","volume":"327","author":"Aguayo","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20243","article-title":"Persistent tachypnea of infancy is associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia","volume":"40","author":"Deterding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.10.019","article-title":"The spectrum of changes in adults with multifocal pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations: what is the minimum set of pathologic criteria to diagnose DIPNECH?","volume":"46","author":"Marchevsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B46","first-page":"519","article-title":"Neuroendocrine components of the bronchopulmonary tract: hyperplasias, dysplasias, and neoplasms","volume":"49","author":"Gould","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lab Investig J Tech Methods Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103591","article-title":"Assessment of the current and emerging criteria for the histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine tumours in the lungNENomics project","volume":"9","author":"Mathian","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101058","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01058-2021","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: clinical characteristics and progression to carcinoid tumour","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.08.012","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: a retrospective analysis","volume":"159","author":"Almquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.01.036","article-title":"A multi-lesional analysis of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: a single-centre analysis","volume":"79","author":"Bennett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230051","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0051","article-title":"DIPNECH: pragmatic approach, uncertainties, notable associations, and a proposal for an improved definition","volume":"30","author":"Samhouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.05.047","article-title":"Recurrence of pulmonary carcinoid tumors after resection: implications for postoperative surveillance","volume":"96","author":"Lou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atssr.2024.10.019","article-title":"Anatomic distribution and clinical presentation of pulmonary carcinoids: a single-institutional study","volume":"3","author":"Russ","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30110-9","article-title":"Frequency of carcinoid syndrome at neuroendocrine tumour diagnosis: a population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Halperin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.02.002","article-title":"Characterization, prognosis, and treatment of patients with metastatic lung carcinoid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Robelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.01.003","article-title":"Lung and thymic carcinoids: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up\u22c6","volume":"32","author":"Baudin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad010","article-title":"Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: from pathophysiology to management","volume":"44","author":"Warren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13146","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13146","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2022 guidance paper for carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease","volume":"34","author":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2017.1379a","article-title":"Flushing disorders associated with gastrointestinal symptoms: part 1, neuroendocrine tumors, mast cell disorders and hyperbasophila","volume":"16","author":"Rastogi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000461583","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: pre- and perioperative therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"105","author":"Kaltsas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030","article-title":"Diagnosing and managing carcinoid heart disease in patients with neuroendocrine tumors: an expert statement","volume":"69","author":"Davar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030405","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease and decreased overall survival among patients with neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective multicenter Latin American cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Uema","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0968","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of the ectopic ACTH syndrome in patients with gastroenteropancreatic and thoracic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"174","author":"Kamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0877","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion: an expert operational opinion","volume":"182","author":"Young","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.01.005","article-title":"The ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: rarely easy, always challenging","volume":"47","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B66","first-page":"281","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ18-0168","article-title":"Cyclic Cushing's syndrome caused by neuroendocrine tumor: a case report","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.07.097","article-title":"Management of carcinoid tumors","volume":"89","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03279-7","article-title":"Diagnosis of atypical carcinoid can be made on biopsies&gt;4 mm2 and is accurate","volume":"480","author":"Reuling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Int J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.12.004","article-title":"Preoperative biopsy diagnosis in pulmonary carcinoids, a shot in the dark","volume":"16","author":"Moonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.07.019","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound- guided transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lymph node staging in patients with typical pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"147","author":"Vial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Amst Neth"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B72","first-page":"3805","article-title":"Endosonography with or without confirmatory mediastinoscopy for resectable lung cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Bousema","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15058","article-title":"Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification","volume":"84","author":"Vocino Trucco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2020.09.009","article-title":"Phospho-histone-H3 immunostaining for pulmonary carcinoids: impact on clinical appraisal, interobserver correlation, and diagnostic processing efficiency","volume":"106","author":"Laflamme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15206","article-title":"Head-to-head: should Ki67 proliferation index be included in the formal classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms?","volume":"85","author":"Pelosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002227","article-title":"Prognostic immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and OTP on small biopsies of pulmonary carcinoid tumors: Ki-67 index predicts progression-free survival and atypical histology","volume":"48","author":"Naso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14819","article-title":"Lung carcinoid tumours: histology and Ki-67, the eternal rivalry","volume":"82","author":"Centonze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14873","article-title":"Ascl1 and OTP tumour expressions are associated with disease-free survival in lung atypical carcinoids","volume":"82","author":"Centonze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02708","article-title":"TERT expression and clinical outcome in pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"43","author":"Werr","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2024.100677","article-title":"OTP, CD44, and Ki-67: a prognostic marker panel for relapse-free survival in patients with surgically resected pulmonary carcinoid","volume":"38","author":"Moonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"41","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2405001121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2405001121","article-title":"Enhancer landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors reveals regulatory and developmental signatures with potential theranostic implications","volume":"121","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.11.007","article-title":"Druggable growth dependencies and tumor evolution analysis in patient-derived organoids of neuroendocrine neoplasms from multiple body sites","volume":"41","author":"Dayton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1915-7","article-title":"Detection of pulmonary nodules by multislice computed tomography: improved detection rate with reduced slice thickness","volume":"13","author":"Fischbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5954","article-title":"CT features of peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors","volume":"197","author":"Meisinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.10.012","article-title":"DIPNECH: when to suggest this diagnosis on CT","volume":"70","author":"Chassagnon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.266185","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor expression in lung neuroendocrine tumors: an analysis of DOTATATE PET scans","volume":"64","author":"Al-Toubah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14769","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014769","article-title":"The utility of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTA-peptide PET\/CT in the evaluation of primary pulmonary carcinoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.01.008","article-title":"Consensus on molecular imaging and theranostics in neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"146","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18068","article-title":"Dual somatostatin receptor\/FDG PET\/CT imaging in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours: proposal for a novel grading scheme with prognostic significance","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000472254","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for standard of care in neuroendocrine tumours: biochemical markers","volume":"105","author":"Oberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.052","article-title":"Plasma chromogranin A as marker for survival in patients with metastatic endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors","volume":"6","author":"Arnold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000179900","article-title":"Elevated plasma chromogranin A is the first indication of recurrence in radically operated midgut carcinoid tumors","volume":"89","author":"Welin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000500525","article-title":"An assessment of circulating chromogranin a as a biomarker of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Malczewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000500202","article-title":"Blood chromogranin A is not effective as a biomarker for diagnosis or management of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors\/neoplasms","volume":"110","author":"Matar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081113","article-title":"Specific and non-specific biomarkers in neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors","volume":"11","author":"Sansone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.635","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A as markers of neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"78","author":"Baudin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv626","article-title":"Serum neuron-specific enolase level is an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"27","author":"van Adrichem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00186-2","article-title":"Consensus on biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumour disease","volume":"16","author":"Oberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.12.025","article-title":"Risk factors for the development and progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"107","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae150","article-title":"Serum and urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, serotonin, chromogranin A, and NT-proBNP for the detection of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"191","author":"Lecoeur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"26","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.7047","article-title":"Chromogranin-A and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: an excellent pair of biomarkers for diagnostics in patients with neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"27","author":"Korse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000508488","article-title":"Molecular genomic blood biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumors: the long and winding road from Berzelius and Bence Jones to a neuroendocrine destination","volume":"111","author":"\u00d6berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-2291","article-title":"Longitudinal copy-number alteration analysis in plasma cell-free DNA of neuroendocrine neoplasms is a novel specific biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Boons","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14041025","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of plasma cell-free DNA and its DNA integrity and hypomethylation status as biomarkers for tumor burden and disease progression in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasias","volume":"14","author":"Mettler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1776","article-title":"Circulating tumor cells and EpCAM expression in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092653","article-title":"Classifying lung neuroendocrine neoplasms through microRNA sequence data mining","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33594\/000000320","article-title":"Typical lung carcinoids with metastasis: potential role of microRNAs in the regulation of adaptive immunity associated with disease: a case study","volume":"55","author":"Seneda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09771-4","article-title":"The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities","volume":"24","author":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Encinas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-021-09339-5","article-title":"Circulating microvesicles and exosomes in small cell lung cancer by quantitative proteomics","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.05.002","article-title":"The NETest: the clinical utility of multigene blood analysis in the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"47","author":"Modlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx386","article-title":"The utility of blood neuroendocrine gene transcript measurement in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours and as a tool to evaluate surgical resection and disease progression","volume":"53","author":"Filosso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7182","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23820","article-title":"A liquid biopsy for bronchopulmonary\/lung carcinoid diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Kidd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000497037","article-title":"NETest liquid biopsy is diagnostic of lung neuroendocrine tumors and identifies progressive disease","volume":"108","author":"Malczewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3250-z","article-title":"Measurement of circulating transcripts and gene cluster analysis predicts and defines therapeutic efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"43","author":"Bodei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70002","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70002","article-title":"NETest\u00ae 2.0-a decade of innovation in neuroendocrine tumor diagnostics","volume":"37","author":"Kidd","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.06.021","article-title":"Commonwealth neuroendocrine tumour research collaboration and the north American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with lung neuroendocrine tumors: an international collaborative endorsement and update of the 2015 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv041","article-title":"Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids","volume":"26","author":"Caplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-1014","article-title":"Cabergoline in severe ectopic or occult Cushing's syndrome","volume":"181","author":"Ilie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17588359231171041","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359231171041","article-title":"A practical proposal on treatment sequencing of metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"15","author":"Perrier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy250","article-title":"Anatomical resections are superior to wedge resections for overall survival in patients with stage 1 typical carcinoids\u2020","volume":"55","author":"Filosso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39117-2","article-title":"Typical and atypical carcinoids within the pulmonary APUD tumor spectrum","volume":"86","author":"DeCaro","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1960","article-title":"Natural history of typical pulmonary carcinoid tumors: a comparison of nonsurgical and surgical treatment","volume":"147","author":"Raz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.04.016","article-title":"Endobronchial and surgical treatment of pulmonary carcinoid tumors: a systematic literature review","volume":"134","author":"Reuling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Amst Neth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.12.013","article-title":"Initial bronchoscopic treatment for patients with intraluminal bronchial carcinoids","volume":"133","author":"Brokx","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.06.050","article-title":"Two-stage surgery without parenchyma resection for endobronchial carcinoid tumor","volume":"104","author":"Pikin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206753","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after first-line bronchoscopic therapy in patients with bronchial carcinoids","volume":"70","author":"Brokx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LMT32","DOI":"10.2217\/lmt-2020-0004","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for early stage large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung","volume":"9","author":"Wegner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.01.028","article-title":"Early-stage primary lung neuroendocrine tumors treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: a multi-institution experience","volume":"116","author":"Oliver","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.04.016","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation with stereotactic body radiation therapy in inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a systemic review and pooled analysis","volume":"95","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000493980","article-title":"Unmet medical needs in pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) neoplasms","volume":"108","author":"Baudin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.03.022","article-title":"The role of adjuvant therapy for atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoids","volume":"131","author":"Wegner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Amst Neth"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.9030","article-title":"Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: a pooled analysis by the LACE collaborative group","volume":"26","author":"Pignon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13412","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13412","article-title":"Clinical management of typical and atypical carcinoids\/neuroendocrine tumors in ENETS centres of excellence (CoE): survey from the ENETS lung NET task force","volume":"36","author":"Koumarianou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230202","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0202","article-title":"Disease relapse in relation to lymph node sampling in lung carcinoid patients","volume":"31","author":"Moonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23542","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"113","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2024.108030","article-title":"Radiological follow-up in patients with resected pulmonary carcinoids: should we reduce radiation exposure?","volume":"198","author":"Heijboer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Amst Neth"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31829f097a","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic factors in bronchial carcinoids: a single-center experience","volume":"8","author":"Filosso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16172978","article-title":"Recurrence rates and patterns after radical resection of lung carcinoids","volume":"16","author":"Askildsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000335597","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary","volume":"95","author":"Pavel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"28","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID study group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230337","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-23-0337","article-title":"Treatment of advanced BP-NETS with lanreotide autogel\/depot vs placebo: the phase III SPINET study","volume":"31","author":"Baudin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30681-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of long-acting pasireotide or everolimus alone or in combination in patients with advanced carcinoids of the lung and thymus (LUNA): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Ferolla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13427","article-title":"Everolimus in advanced, progressive, well-differentiated, non-functional neuroendocrine tumors: RADIANT-4 lung subgroup analysis","volume":"109","author":"Fazio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1108","article-title":"Everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable in patients with advanced lung neuroendocrine tumors: analysis of the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled RADIANT-2 study","volume":"143","author":"Fazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.3_suppl.360","article-title":"A phase II\/III randomized double-blind study of octreotide acetate LAR with axitinib versus octreotide acetate LAR with placebo in patients with advanced G1-G2 NETs of non-pancreatic origin (AXINET trial-GETNE-1107)","volume":"39","author":"Garcia-Carbonero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v911","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz394.073","article-title":"LBA76\u2014efficacy and safety of surufatinib in patients with well-differentiated advanced extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): results from the randomized phase III study (SANET-ep)","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403991","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of Cabozantinib to treat advanced neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"392","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3262-8","article-title":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (177)Lu-DOTATATE in advanced bronchial carcinoids: prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor 1 and (18)F-FDG PET","volume":"43","author":"Ianniello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02724","article-title":"Oxaliplatin-based versus alkylating agent in neuroendocrine tumors according to the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status: a randomized phase II study (MGMT-NET)","volume":"43","author":"Walter","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00572-6","article-title":"177Lu-Dotatate plus long-acting octreotide versus high-dose long-acting octreotide in patients with midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETTER-1): final overall survival and long-term safety results from an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Strosberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10446","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00701-3","article-title":"[177lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE plus long-acting octreotide versus high-dose long-acting octreotide for the treatment of newly diagnosed, advanced grade 2-3, well-differentiated, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETTER-2): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"403","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.260760","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 177Lu-DOTATATE in lung neuroendocrine tumors: a Bicenter study","volume":"63","author":"Zidan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3190-7","article-title":"Long-term results of PRRT in advanced bronchopulmonary carcinoid","volume":"43","author":"Mariniello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.03.018","article-title":"Evaluation of the combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil or gemcitabine in patients with sporadic metastatic pulmonary carcinoid tumors","volume":"96","author":"Walter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Amst Neth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-025-04171-5","article-title":"Capecitabine and temozolomide or temozolomide alone in patients with atypical carcinoids","volume":"88","author":"Galvani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000526811","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel and temozolomide combination therapy in progressive thoracic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid): results from the phase 2 ATLANT study","volume":"113","author":"Ferolla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1476","article-title":"O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase deficiency and response to temozolomide-based therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"15","author":"Kulke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012569909313","article-title":"Experience in treatment of metastatic pulmonary carcinoid tumors","volume":"12","author":"Granberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(92)90060-F","article-title":"Octreotide and interferon alfa: a new combination for the treatment of malignant carcinoid tumours","volume":"28A","author":"Janson EM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3014","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in previously treated advanced neuroendocrine tumors: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"26","author":"Strosberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S515194","article-title":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in lung neuroendocrine tumors\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Pichel","year":"2025","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0621","article-title":"Immunotherapy of ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors: a subgroup analysis of the CA209-538 clinical trial for rare cancers","volume":"26","author":"Klein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.1370","article-title":"1157O a multi-cohort phase II study of durvalumab plus tremelimumab for the treatment of patients (pts) with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of gastroenteropancreatic or lung origin: the DUNE trial (GETNE 1601)","volume":"31","author":"Capdevila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200009","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.22.00009","article-title":"Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy to treat temozolomide-associated hypermutation in advanced atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B166","first-page":"100796","article-title":"Targeting DLL3: a new weapon in lung neuroendocrine tumours?","volume":"6","author":"Riudavets","year":"2025","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01464-y","article-title":"Emerging therapies targeting the delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) in small cell lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Rudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B168","first-page":"e22276","article-title":"Atypical lung carcinoid with EML4\/ALK fusion detected with circulating tumor DNA","volume":"14","author":"Gococo-Benore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0054","article-title":"A case of metastatic atypical neuroendocrine tumor with ALK translocation and diffuse brain metastases","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S172124","article-title":"ALK-rearrangement neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a comprehensive study of a rare case series and review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03307","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and response to therapy of NRG1 fusion\u2013driven lung cancers: the eNRGy1 global multicenter registry","volume":"39","author":"Drilon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220226","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0226","article-title":"Practical considerations when providing palliative care to patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the context of routine disease management or hospice care","volume":"30","author":"Del Rivero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.12.028","article-title":"CHEST expert cough panel. Symptomatic treatment of cough among adult patients with lung cancer: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"151","author":"Molassiotis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v169","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv306","article-title":"Treatment of dyspnoea in advanced cancer patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines","volume":"26","author":"Kloke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9394","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179394","article-title":"Links between infections, lung cancer, and the immune system","volume":"22","author":"Budisan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B176","first-page":"125","article-title":"Massive hemorrhage after inspection bronchoscopy for carcinoid tumor","volume":"24","author":"Ayache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B177","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026051219561675800_bnag001-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14184402","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors: a comprehensive review on nutritional approaches","volume":"14","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnag001\/66380515\/bnag001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/47\/3\/351\/66380515\/bnag001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/47\/3\/351\/66380515\/bnag001.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:56:43Z","timestamp":1778630203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/47\/3\/351\/8423244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnag001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]}}}