{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:05:12Z","timestamp":1789517112399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":396,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postviral syndromes are heterogeneous multisystem diseases without a uniform etiology that occur as a result of acute viral infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients increased dramatically due to infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), with many cases also meeting the criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS), the most severe form of a postviral disease, characterized by severe fatigue, postexertional malaise (PEM), unrefreshing sleep, neurocognitive impairment, and autonomic and immune dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Orexin (OX) neuropeptides, which regulate arousal, metabolism, and neuroendocrine functions, may serve as a central link among stress, immune activation, and metabolic changes in these syndromes. Notable phenotypic similarities between OX system dysfunction and core features of PASC and ME\/CFS, including fatigue, sleep issues, impaired glucose metabolism, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, support a mechanistic model in which impaired OX signaling contributes to postviral endocrine and metabolic dysfunction. This review examines the role of OX in regulating glucose metabolism, HPA axis activity, and systemic homeostasis, with a specific focus on sexually dimorphic expression and function in relation to postviral syndromes. We also highlight the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), another key player in metabolism, which also has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. We further emphasize emerging therapeutic strategies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and drugs targeting the OX system. Together, these insights provide an integrated framework for understanding and targeting the neuroendocrine-metabolic underpinnings of PASC, ME\/CFS, and other postviral syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnag009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:46:05Z","timestamp":1776858365000},"page":"535-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Regulatory cycles of orexin and glucagon-Like peptide-1 in postviral syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9537-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Ruhrl\u00e4nder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University Marburg , Marburg 35043 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"State of Hessen postCOVID Coordination Center, Marburg 35043 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Schieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University Marburg , Marburg 35043 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6677-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University Marburg , Marburg 35043 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"State of Hessen postCOVID Coordination Center, Marburg 35043 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/24740527.2023.2272999","article-title":"Post-viral pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance syndromes: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Tackey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Pain"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1257557","article-title":"Post-exertional malaise in daily life and experimental exercise models in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"14","author":"V\u00f8llestad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01810-6","article-title":"Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Choutka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1644-y","article-title":"Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"16","author":"Rasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B5","article-title":"COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Poenaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint15010001","article-title":"ME\/CFS and post-exertional malaise among patients with long COVID","volume":"15","author":"Jason","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106297","article-title":"The persistence of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Dehlia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302408","article-title":"Biases and limitations in observational studies of long COVID prevalence and risk factors: a rapid systematic umbrella review","volume":"19","author":"Hua","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59012-w","article-title":"The risk of long COVID symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Mahoney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-022-03164-w","article-title":"Incidence of long COVID-19 in people with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 120,970 patients","volume":"18","author":"Di Gennaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B13","article-title":"The prevalence and long-term health effects of long COVID among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"O\u2019Mahoney","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18931","article-title":"Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021","volume":"328","author":"Global Burden of Disease Long COVID Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43661-w","article-title":"True prevalence of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Hastie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00759-0","article-title":"A nationwide study of risk factors for long COVID and its economic and mental health consequences in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04335-0","article-title":"\u201cHave you considered that it could be burnout?\u201d\u2014psychologization and stigmatization of self-reported long COVID or post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome","volume":"23","author":"B\u00fcchner","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594963","article-title":"Virus infections and host metabolism\u2014can we manage the interactions?","volume":"11","author":"Sumbria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00652-3","article-title":"Innate metabolic responses against viral infections","volume":"4","author":"Palmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78200","article-title":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a metabolic perspective","volume":"11","author":"Scherer","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B21","article-title":"COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: an endocrine perspective","volume":"27","author":"Bansal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52284","article-title":"Ofatumumab treatment in new-onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B23","first-page":"S20","article-title":"A pilot's pilot: narcolepsy following SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"103","author":"Prost","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14406","article-title":"Corticosteroid-responsive narcolepsy type II after COVID-19: a relevant differential diagnosis of post-COVID syndrome (a case report)","volume":"34","author":"K\u00fcnstler","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.7370","article-title":"Narcolepsy following COVID-19: a case report and review of potential mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Roya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"7866","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03631-y","article-title":"Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19","volume":"595","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2025.100415","article-title":"Systemic role of orexin A, substance P, bradykinin, and DABK in severe COVID-19 and 2.5-yr follow-ups: an observational study","volume":"14","author":"Heinicke","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJA Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B28","article-title":"A bitter experience that enlightens the future: COVID-19 neurological affection and perspectives on the orexigenic system","volume":"14","author":"Abdelmissih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: state-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.59965","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106550","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and neuroinflammation: implications for neurodegenerative disease treatment","volume":"186","author":"Kopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-024-00331-y","article-title":"The impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on mental health: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Tempia Valenta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0353-9","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic link to coronavirus infection","volume":"16","author":"Bornstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.04.004","article-title":"COVID-19 may increase the risk of insulin resistance in adult patients without diabetes: a 6-month prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00822-x","article-title":"COVID-19 induces new-onset insulin resistance and lipid metabolic dysregulation via regulation of secreted metabolic factors","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1429848","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 infection and the risk of new incident diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26227","article-title":"Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes, and obesity is associated with severe COVID-19","volume":"93","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00639-2","article-title":"Diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance in COVID-19: molecular interrelationship and therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01090-9","article-title":"Treating type 2 diabetes in COVID-19 patients: the potential benefits of injective therapies","volume":"19","author":"Longo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.021","article-title":"Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00347-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas","volume":"3","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0821OC","article-title":"COVID-19-related genes in sputum cells in asthma: relationship to demographic features and corticosteroids","volume":"202","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102607","article-title":"The prevalence of long COVID in people with diabetes mellitus: evidence from a UK cohort","volume":"71","author":"Heald","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102302","article-title":"High prevalence of post COVID-19 fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Mittal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102235","article-title":"Post COVID-19 syndrome (\u201clong COVID\u201d) and diabetes: challenges in diagnosis and management","volume":"15","author":"Raveendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00299-2","article-title":"Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months (COVID-OUT): a multicentre, randomised, quadruple-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial","volume":"23","author":"Bramante","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15021","article-title":"Diabetogenic viruses: linking viruses to diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Rajsfus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.07.007","article-title":"Elevated glucose levels favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through a HIF-1\u03b1\/glycolysis-dependent axis","volume":"32","author":"Codo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022806","article-title":"The role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Lv","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B50","first-page":"1","article-title":"The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.659419","article-title":"Quantification of cytokine storms during virus infections","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B52","article-title":"A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of long COVID symptoms","volume":"10","author":"Low","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.32.s3.4.x","article-title":"Identifying the links between obesity, insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function: potential role of adipocyte-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Greenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7816","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2332-7","article-title":"Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets","volume":"583","author":"Bojkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2021.100159","article-title":"Metabolic perturbation associated with COVID-19 disease severity and SARS-CoV-2 replication","volume":"20","author":"Krishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI183777","article-title":"A six-year study in a real-world population reveals an increased incidence of dyslipidemia during COVID-19","volume":"134","author":"Trimarco","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00355-2","article-title":"Risks and burdens of incident dyslipidaemia in long COVID: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74492-0","article-title":"Statin use is associated with lower disease severity in COVID-19 infection","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2020.10.010","article-title":"Membrane heist: coronavirus host membrane remodeling during replication","volume":"179","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B60","article-title":"COVID-19 metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.013","article-title":"Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection","volume":"186","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140327","article-title":"COVID-19 infection alters kynurenine and fatty acid metabolism, correlating with IL-6 levels and renal status","volume":"5","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab203","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system: a mini-review","volume":"163","author":"Clarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29145-3","article-title":"Adrenal tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and adrenal findings in a post-mortem case series of patients with severe fatal COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30115-4","article-title":"Histopathological findings and viral tropism in UK patients with severe fatal COVID-19: a post-mortem study","volume":"1","author":"Hanley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0787","article-title":"Case report: adrenal pathology findings in severe COVID-19: an autopsy study","volume":"103","author":"Santana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00700-8","article-title":"Is there a role for the adrenal glands in long COVID?","volume":"18","author":"Kanczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000534025","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary axis function and adrenal insufficiency in COVID-19 patients","volume":"30","author":"Durcan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109133","article-title":"Protracted stress-induced hypocortisolemia may account for the clinical and immune manifestations of long COVID","volume":"245","author":"Yavropoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(81)90095-7","article-title":"Adrenocortical activity and some clinical findings in acute and chronic fatigue","volume":"25","author":"Poteliakhoff","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1224","article-title":"Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Demitrack","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890601130823","article-title":"The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.153","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B74","article-title":"Hypothesis: mechanisms that prevent recovery in prolonged ICU patients also underlie myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"8","author":"Stanculescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"7985","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","article-title":"Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling","volume":"623","author":"Klein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.01.017","article-title":"The role of hypocortisolism in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Nijhof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1459724","article-title":"Endocrine dysregulation in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms and insights","volume":"15","author":"Iosef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1471192","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on accelerating of immunosenescence and brain aging","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155980","article-title":"Increased adrenal steroidogenesis and suppressed corticosteroid responsiveness in critical COVID-19","volume":"160","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02220.x","article-title":"Normal opioid tone and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome despite marked functional impairment","volume":"62","author":"Inder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.12.011","article-title":"Basal circadian and pulsatile ACTH and cortisol secretion in patients with fibromyalgia and\/or chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Crofford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000161206.55324.8a","article-title":"24-hour pituitary and adrenal hormone profiles in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Di Giorgio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1509131","article-title":"Core features and inherent diversity of post-acute infection syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Trautmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/784520","article-title":"A review of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"2013","author":"Tomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6806","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0170-2","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hypofunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)\/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as a consequence of activated immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative pathways","volume":"54","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B86","article-title":"Viral infection and thyroid disorders: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e803","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa830","article-title":"Thyroid function before, during, and after COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Khoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-1223","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis after COVID-19: a literature review","volume":"107","author":"Ando","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00946-w","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Lui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e926","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa813","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in relation to immune profile, disease status, and outcome in 191 patients with COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Lui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1391","article-title":"The spectrum of thyroid function tests during hospitalization for SARS COV-2 infection","volume":"184","author":"Campi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26337","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of COVID-19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study","volume":"93","author":"van Gerwen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00028-0","article-title":"Risk and course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients treated for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism","volume":"9","author":"Brix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30266-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01463-3","article-title":"Hypopituitarism and COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Carosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322","article-title":"The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity","volume":"95","author":"de Lecea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80949-6","article-title":"Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior","volume":"92","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2000.1584","article-title":"Differential distribution and regulation of OX1 and OX2 orexin\/hypocretin receptor messenger RNA in the brain upon fasting","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12601-x","article-title":"Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) protein distribution measured by autoradiography using radiolabeled OX2R-selective antagonist EMPA in rodent brain and peripheral tissues","volume":"12","author":"Mitsukawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/79690","article-title":"A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains","volume":"6","author":"Peyron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00058-1","article-title":"Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy","volume":"27","author":"Thannickal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2024.100202","article-title":"The distribution of hypocretin\/orexin receptor mRNA in the mouse and human brain","volume":"24","author":"Mir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(03)00206-5","article-title":"Orexin-A expression in human peripheral tissues","volume":"205","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.8.8299","article-title":"Prepro-orexin and orexin receptor mRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral tissues of male and female rats","volume":"142","author":"J\u00f6hren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2016.00066","article-title":"Role of the orexin system on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis","volume":"10","author":"Messina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B106","first-page":"1616","article-title":"Cellular localization of orexin receptors in human pituitary","volume":"86","author":"Blanco","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E892","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00327.2004","article-title":"Altered setting of the pituitary-thyroid ensemble in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic men","volume":"288","author":"Kok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2021.05.009","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic aspects of narcolepsy type 1 in children","volume":"33","author":"Szak\u00e1cs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45321-x","article-title":"Analysis of thyroid function and related factors in narcolepsy patients","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.167940","article-title":"Stimulation of orexin\/hypocretin neurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone","volume":"587","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0431-09.2009","article-title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases behavioral arousal through modulation of hypocretin\/orexin neurons","volume":"29","author":"Hara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200006260-00034","article-title":"Centrally administered orexin\/hypocretin activates HPA axis in rats","volume":"11","author":"Kuru","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.858941","article-title":"The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in control of blood pressure and blood pressure variability","volume":"13","author":"Savi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00018","article-title":"The physiological role of orexin\/hypocretin neurons in the regulation of sleep\/wakefulness and neuroendocrine functions","volume":"4","author":"Inutsuka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00694.x","article-title":"Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response","volume":"6","author":"Herman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.12.8558","article-title":"Orexin A interactions in the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis","volume":"142","author":"Russell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03255.x","article-title":"Orexins (hypocretins) directly interact with neuropeptide Y, POMC and glucose-responsive neurons to regulate Ca2+ signaling in a reciprocal manner to leptin: orexigenic neuronal pathways in the mediobasal hypothalamus","volume":"19","author":"Muroya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399408000823","article-title":"Hypothalamic orexins\/hypocretins as regulators of breathing","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00022","article-title":"Orexin, cardio-respiratory function, and hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.05.032","article-title":"Respiratory and cardiovascular actions of orexin-A in mice","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00914.2004","article-title":"Orexin stimulates breathing via medullary and spinal pathways","volume":"98","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00118.x","article-title":"Orexin in respiratory and autonomic regulation, health and diseases","volume":"10","author":"Barnett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"s1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2010.00467.x","article-title":"Narcolepsy, orexins and respiratory regulation","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.5.2101","article-title":"Contrasting effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on ventilation and sympathetic activity in humans","volume":"67","author":"Somers","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.094151","article-title":"Interaction of chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes by hypoxia and hypercapnia\u2014a mechanism for promoting hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"568","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000005375","article-title":"TAK-925 (Danavorexton), an orexin receptor 2 agonist, reduces opioid-induced respiratory depression and sedation without affecting analgesia in healthy men","volume":"142","author":"van Lemmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3229","article-title":"Hypocretin\/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin","volume":"36","author":"Adeghate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.09.013","article-title":"Hypothalamic orexin stimulates feeding-associated glucose utilization in skeletal muscle via sympathetic nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Shiuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0695","article-title":"Hypothalamic orexin prevents hepatic insulin resistance via daily bidirectional regulation of autonomic nervous system in mice","volume":"64","author":"Tsuneki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ12-0030","article-title":"Role of orexin in the central regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis","volume":"59","author":"Tsuneki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.02.040","article-title":"Metabolic profile in patients with narcolepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2017.14.301","article-title":"Inverse association of peripheral orexin-A with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Zarifkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B133","first-page":"37","article-title":"Improvement of glycemic control by treatment for insomnia with suvorexant in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Toi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2024.102458","article-title":"The protective effects of orexin B in neuropathic pain by suppressing inflammatory response","volume":"108","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.08.033","article-title":"Role of orexin A signaling in dietary palmitic acid-activated microglial cells","volume":"606","author":"Duffy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.159","article-title":"Orexin A may suppress inflammatory response in fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"107","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9554","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119554","article-title":"Efficiency of orexin-A for inflammatory flare and mucosal healing in experimental colitis: comparison with the anti-TNF alpha infliximab","volume":"24","author":"Blais","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111018","article-title":"Orexin A alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting macrophage activation through JNK-mediated autophagy","volume":"124","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.08.023","article-title":"Ectopic expression of OX1R in ulcerative colitis mediates anti-inflammatory effect of orexin-A","volume":"1864","author":"Messal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13665","article-title":"The orexin story, sleep and sleep disturbances","volume":"31","author":"Pizza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12498","article-title":"Melatonin promotes sleep in mice by inhibiting orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus","volume":"65","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12544","article-title":"Sleep well. Untangling the role of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in sleep","volume":"66","author":"Gobbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01655.x","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) in the rat pineal gland: a central transmitter with effects on noradrenaline-induced release of melatonin","volume":"14","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"51","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.906637106","article-title":"Sleep-wake regulation and hypocretin-melatonin interaction in zebrafish","volume":"106","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.113304","article-title":"Involvement of orexin A in nocturnal melatonin secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood plasma in seasonal sheep","volume":"286","author":"Kirsz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2010.09.008","article-title":"Effects of orexigenic peptides and leptin on melatonin secretion during different photoperiods in seasonal breeding ewes: an in vitro study","volume":"40","author":"Zieba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00691","article-title":"Evolution of orexin neuropeptide system: structure and function","volume":"14","author":"Soya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.01.001","article-title":"Orexins and their receptors from fish to mammals: a comparative approach","volume":"171","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X","article-title":"Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice","volume":"98","author":"Chemelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81965-0","article-title":"The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9197","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Nishino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.713201","article-title":"Orexinergic system in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136247","article-title":"The role of orexin in Alzheimer disease: from sleep-wake disturbance to therapeutic target","volume":"765","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59489-1.00009-4","article-title":"Orexin, stress and anxiety\/panic states","volume":"198","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B155","article-title":"Increased hypocretin (orexin) plasma level in depression, bipolar disorder patients","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0729","article-title":"Preproglucagon neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract are the main source of brain GLP-1, mediate stress-induced hypophagia, and limit unusually large intakes of food","volume":"68","author":"Holt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.054","article-title":"Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP","volume":"132","author":"Baggio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076410","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"384","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1934","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor localization in monkey and human tissue: novel distribution revealed with extensively validated monoclonal antibody","volume":"155","author":"Pyke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3874-y","article-title":"GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Farr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02914.x","article-title":"The expression of GLP-1 receptor mRNA and protein allows the effect of GLP-1 on glucose metabolism in the human hypothalamus and brainstem","volume":"92","author":"Alvarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2021.2554.2","article-title":"Investigating the glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptor in human brain: distribution of expression, functional implications, age-related changes and species specific characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.008","article-title":"Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5149","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0323","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets","volume":"144","author":"Farilla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1009","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 protects pancreatic \u03b2-cells from death by increasing autophagic flux and restoring lysosomal function","volume":"66","author":"Zummo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040947","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and diabetic kidney disease: a call of attention to nephrologists","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3rriz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1970744","article-title":"The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists during COVID-19 pandemia: a hypothetical molecular mechanism","volume":"20","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1549","article-title":"The impact of preadmission\/prediagnosis use of GLP-1 receptor agonists on COVID-19 mortality in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Kow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110739","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on COVID-19-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"158","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.054","article-title":"Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics","volume":"187","author":"Peluso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B172","author":"Scripps Translational Science Institute"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B173","author":"FNIH"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12240","article-title":"Experimental and clinical aspects of melatonin and clock genes in diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Peschke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B175","first-page":"e5109","article-title":"The effect of melatonin on incretin hormones: results from experimental and randomized clinical studies","volume":"106","author":"Lauritzen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.11.012","article-title":"Sleep is increased by liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in rats","volume":"192","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01232.x","article-title":"Influence of melatonin administration on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of postmenopausal women","volume":"54","author":"Cagnacci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4088","article-title":"Acute melatonin administration in humans impairs glucose tolerance in both the morning and evening","volume":"37","author":"Rubio-Sastre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.08.003","article-title":"Common type 2 diabetes-risk variant in MTNR1B worsens the deleterious effect of melatonin on glucose tolerance in humans","volume":"64","author":"Garaulet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115831","article-title":"Melatonin-mediated IGF-1\/GLP-1 activation in experimental OCD rats: evidence from CSF, blood plasma, brain and in-silico investigations","volume":"217","author":"Giri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B181","article-title":"Resetting the circadian clock of Alzheimer's mice via GLP-1 injection combined with time-restricted feeding","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1572613","article-title":"The effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-025-01061-5","article-title":"Effects of melatonin supplementation on blood glycemic indices in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Hadi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00298.2015","article-title":"Short-term sleep deprivation with nocturnal light exposure alters time-dependent glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin secretion in male volunteers","volume":"310","author":"Gil-Lozano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B185","first-page":"446","article-title":"Melatonin influences insulin secretion primarily via MT1 receptors in rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) and mouse pancreatic islets","volume":"52","author":"M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00064-3","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of melatonin Mel 1a receptors in pancreatic \u03b2 cells: potential role in incretin-mediated cell function by sensitization of cAMP signaling","volume":"191","author":"Kemp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8141","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1607-04.2004","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 excites hypocretin\/orexin neurons by direct and indirect mechanisms: implications for viscera-mediated arousal","volume":"24","author":"Acuna-Goycolea","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124422","article-title":"The effects of mutual interaction of orexin-A and glucagon-like peptide-1 on reflex swallowing induced by SLN afferents in rats","volume":"21","author":"Kobashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148371","article-title":"Centrally administered GLP-1 analogue improves intestinal barrier function through the brain orexin and the vagal pathway in rats","volume":"1809","author":"Funayama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.750726","article-title":"Exendin-4 preserves blood-brain barrier integrity via glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor\/activated protein kinase-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B\/matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9798-1","article-title":"Exendin-4 reverses biochemical and functional alterations in the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers in diabetic rats","volume":"54","author":"Zanotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00219","article-title":"Orexin-A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation at the level of the intestinal barrier","volume":"10","author":"Tunisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B193","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike induces intestinal barrier dysfunction through the interaction between CEACAM5 and Galectin-9","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1182544","article-title":"Increase in gut permeability and oxidized LDL is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"14","author":"Mouchati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01576-9","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"27","author":"Greene","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.021","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3, IL-17A, or zonulin rapidly increase the permeability of the blood-brain and small intestinal epithelial barriers: relevance for neuro-inflammatory diseases","volume":"507","author":"Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101802","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain vascular axis in neuroinflammation","volume":"69","author":"Carloni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqae165","article-title":"GLP-1 and its analogs: does sex matter?","volume":"166","author":"B\u00f6rchers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.187","article-title":"Lateral hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors are critical for the control of food reinforcement, ingestive behavior and body weight","volume":"23","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ferreras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.024","article-title":"COVID-19 and sex differences: mechanisms and biomarkers","volume":"95","author":"Haitao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B201","article-title":"Unveiling the impact of COVID-19 vaccines: a meta-analysis of survival rates among patients in the United States based on vaccination status","volume":"15","author":"Ikeokwu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040967","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severity of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00412","article-title":"Estimating prevalence, demographics, and costs of ME\/CFS using large scale medical claims data and machine learning","volume":"6","author":"Valdez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.002","article-title":"Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"773","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado2102","article-title":"Sex differences in post-acute infection syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B206","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 impairs male fertility by targeting semen quality and testosterone level: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ashonibare","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053032","article-title":"Association between pharmaceutical modulation of oestrogen in postmenopausal women in Sweden and death due to COVID-19: a cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Sund","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11398","article-title":"Association of circulating sex hormones with inflammation and disease severity in patients with COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Dhindsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26883","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the lower urinary tract and male genital system: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Creta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1142\/S2661318220300081","article-title":"A review of the impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction, and its implications on assisted reproductive technology services","volume":"2","author":"Hinting","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.009","article-title":"Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 patients: clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011409","article-title":"In vitro evidence against productive SARS-CoV-2 infection of human testicular cells: bystander effects of infection mediate testicular injury","volume":"19","author":"Giannakopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01104-23","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human testis with slow kinetics and has no major deleterious effects ex vivo","volume":"97","author":"Mah\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1538461","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 exploits steroidogenic machinery, triggers lipid metabolism for viral replication and induces immune response in leydig cells of K18-hACE2 mice","volume":"15","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.024","article-title":"No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"113","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040920","article-title":"scRNA-seq profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.001","article-title":"Coronavirus disease-19 and fertility: viral host entry protein expression in male and female reproductive tissues","volume":"114","author":"Stanley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9","article-title":"Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000297","article-title":"Association between menstrual cycle length and COVID-19 vaccination: global, retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data","volume":"1","author":"Edelman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133800","article-title":"The effect of COVID-19 on the menstrual cycle: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Lebar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255994","article-title":"COVID-19 and cause of pregnancy loss during the pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Kazemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00052-9","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of prepro-orexin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus","volume":"23","author":"J\u00f6hren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1159\/000098333","article-title":"Orexin A induces GnRH gene expression and secretion from GT1-7 hypothalamic GnRH neurons","volume":"84","author":"Sasson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E630","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00060.2004","article-title":"Pulsatile LH release is diminished, whereas FSH secretion is normal, in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic men","volume":"287","author":"Kok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1300","article-title":"Orexin A suppresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron activity in the mouse","volume":"153","author":"Gaskins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2014.05.005","article-title":"Effect of orexin A on the release of GnRH-stimulated gonadotrophins from cultured pituitary cells of immature and mature female rats","volume":"48","author":"Martynska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.08.002","article-title":"Gonadal steroids modulated hypocretin\/orexin type-1 receptor expression in a brain region, sex and daytime specific manner","volume":"158","author":"Silveyra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06296-1","article-title":"Estradiol-dependent hypocretinergic\/orexinergic behaviors throughout the estrous cycle","volume":"240","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.07.026","article-title":"The contribution of orexins to sex differences in the stress response","volume":"1731","author":"Grafe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.06.003","article-title":"Orexins and stress","volume":"51","author":"Grafe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.07.035","article-title":"Sex differences in the responses of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area and feeding behavior to fasting","volume":"463","author":"Funabashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112815","article-title":"Hypocretin\/orexin neurons encode social discrimination and exhibit a sex-dependent necessity for social interaction","volume":"42","author":"Dawson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.171127","article-title":"Orexin deficiency modulates the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"171","author":"Faesel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16212","article-title":"Orexin 2 receptor antagonism sex-dependently improves sleep\/wakefulness and cognitive performance in tau transgenic mice","volume":"181","author":"Keenan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab042","article-title":"From molecule to behavior: hypocretin\/orexin revisited from a sex-dependent perspective","volume":"43","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0349-8","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the lateral hypothalamic area reveals molecularly distinct populations of inhibitory and excitatory neurons","volume":"22","author":"Mickelsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.01.048","article-title":"Age- and gender-specific changes of hypocretin immunopositive neurons in C57Bl\/6 mice","volume":"472","author":"Brownell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2018.12.008","article-title":"The effect of estrone and estradiol on the expression of the orexin\/hypocretin system in the porcine uterus during early pregnancy","volume":"68","author":"Kiezun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12107","article-title":"A critical role of hypocretin deficiency in pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Bastianini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9368","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2033722","article-title":"Maternal infection with COVID-19 and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68184-2","article-title":"The effect of long-term COVID-19 infection on maternal and fetal complications: a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center in China","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00540-0","article-title":"Tip of the iceberg: erectile dysfunction and COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Kaynar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051711","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on female fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1200_21","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: repercussions of the pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Madaan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70063","article-title":"Sex differences in the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B246","first-page":"123","article-title":"Gender difference in response predictors after 1-year exenatide therapy twice daily in type 2 diabetic patients: a real world experience","volume":"6","author":"Anichini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.03.009","article-title":"One-year metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in routine practice","volume":"36","author":"Buysschaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037883","article-title":"Impact of patient characteristics on efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide: SUSTAIN 7 post hoc analyses","volume":"10","author":"Pratley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14232","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in SUSTAIN China: a 30-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111689","article-title":"Real-world sex differences in type 2 diabetes patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"212","author":"Piccini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2015.1131703","article-title":"Predictors of glycemic control and diabetes-related costs among type 2 diabetes patients initiating therapy with liraglutide in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Durden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.013","article-title":"Gender-related different effects of a combined therapy of exenatide and metformin on overweight or obesity patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Quan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13086","article-title":"Effect of once-weekly dulaglutide on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose in patient subpopulations by gender, duration of diabetes and baseline HbA1c","volume":"20","author":"Gallwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ15-0518","article-title":"Subgroup analysis of phase 3 studies of dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Onishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2012.07.2567","article-title":"Exenatide twice daily: analysis of effectiveness and safety data stratified by age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, and body mass index","volume":"124","author":"Pencek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0552","article-title":"Analysis of efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 0.75\u2005mg stratified by sex in patients with type 2 diabetes in 2 randomized, controlled phase 3 studies in Japan","volume":"64","author":"Onishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030454","article-title":"Sex differences in response to treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: opportunities for a tailored approach to diabetes and obesity care","volume":"12","author":"Rentzeperi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0410-7","article-title":"Liraglutide 3.0\u2005mg for weight management: a population pharmacokinetic analysis","volume":"55","author":"Overgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1055","article-title":"The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis","volume":"34","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B260","article-title":"Interactions between glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and estrogens regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"230","author":"Model","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3009","article-title":"Targeted estrogen delivery reverses the metabolic syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Finan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98569","article-title":"17-\u03b2 estradiol regulates proglucagon-derived peptide secretion in mouse and human \u03b1- and L cells","volume":"3","author":"Handgraaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1978","article-title":"GLP-1 increases preovulatory LH source and the number of mature follicles, as well as synchronizing the onset of puberty in female rats","volume":"156","author":"Outeiri\u00f1o-Iglesias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI610","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in a rodent hypothalamic neuronal cell line","volume":"101","author":"Beak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-0463","article-title":"Activation of the HPA axis does not explain nonresponsiveness to GLP-1R agonist treatment in individuals with type 2 diabetes","volume":"74","author":"Tokg\u00f6z","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100100","article-title":"Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Wallukat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transl Autoimmun"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.013","article-title":"Antibodies to \u03b2 adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Loebel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2017.1346775","article-title":"Reactivation of hyperglycemia-induced hypocretin (HCRT) gene silencing by N-acetyl-d-mannosamine in the orexin neurons derived from human iPS cells","volume":"12","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.07.017","article-title":"The protective effects of orexin a against high glucose-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"672","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-023-09878-5","article-title":"Damage to endothelial barriers and its contribution to long COVID","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00454-7","article-title":"Endothelial activation and dysfunction in COVID-19: from basic mechanisms to potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"5","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03346-2","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"20","author":"Haffke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00357","article-title":"Orexin system: the key for a healthy life","volume":"8","author":"Chieffi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101771","article-title":"Role of spontaneous and sensory orexin network dynamics in rapid locomotion initiation","volume":"187","author":"Karnani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1447-y","article-title":"Systemic administration of orexin A ameliorates established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by diminishing neuroinflammation","volume":"16","author":"Becquet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01841-1","article-title":"Orexin A alleviates neuroinflammation via OXR2\/CaMKK\u03b2\/AMPK signaling pathway after ICH in mice","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.681700","article-title":"Mitigation of murine focal cerebral ischemia by the hypocretin\/orexin system is associated with reduced inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Xiong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00709","article-title":"Orexins as novel therapeutic targets in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","author":"Couvineau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-04977-9","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: how to implement emerging guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Biessels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0092-1","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy","volume":"5","author":"Feldman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B281","article-title":"The triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in idiopathic restless legs syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Sar\u0131\u00e7am","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H808","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00572.2016","article-title":"Optogenetic identification of hypothalamic orexin neuron projections to paraventricular spinally projecting neurons","volume":"312","author":"Dergacheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1654","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00704.2005","article-title":"Orexin neuron-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation and shift of baroreflex during defense response in mice","volume":"290","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00452.2021","article-title":"Intranasal orexin A modulates sympathetic vascular tone: a pilot study in healthy male humans","volume":"127","author":"Meusel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy048","article-title":"Assessment of sympathetic neural activity in chronic insomnia: evidence for elevated cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Carter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19796","article-title":"Orexin, sleep, sympathetic neural activity and cardiovascular function","volume":"79","author":"Bigalke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102527","article-title":"A unifying hypothesis of the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS): recognitions from the finding of autoantibodies against \u00df2-adrenergic receptors","volume":"19","author":"Wirth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06954-w","article-title":"Mapping cerebral blood flow in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) and orthostatic intolerance: insights from a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Christopoulos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00917-9","article-title":"Post-COVID dysautonomias: what we know and (mainly) what we don\u2019t know","volume":"20","author":"Goldstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26286","article-title":"Multisystem involvement in post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 19","volume":"91","author":"Novak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.10.002","article-title":"Use of cardiopulmonary stress testing for patients with unexplained dyspnea post-coronavirus disease","volume":"9","author":"Mancini","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.03.049","article-title":"Exercise pathophysiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: more in common than not?","volume":"164","author":"Joseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008854","article-title":"Postural hyperventilation as a cause of postural tachycardia syndrome: increased systemic vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output when upright in all postural tachycardia syndrome variants","volume":"7","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101573","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of dual orexin receptor antagonists in primary insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109815","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of dual orexin receptor antagonism beyond insomnia: neurological and psychiatric comorbidities","volume":"245","author":"Carpi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B296","article-title":"Effect of a dual orexin receptor antagonist on Alzheimer's disease: sleep disorders and cognition","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26641","article-title":"Suvorexant acutely decreases tau phosphorylation and A\u03b2 in the human CNS","volume":"94","author":"Lucey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.020","article-title":"Suvorexant ameliorates cognitive impairments and pathology in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice","volume":"91","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B299","article-title":"Potential of dual orexin receptor antagonists to prevent Alzheimer's disease","volume":"20","author":"Lucey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.146","article-title":"The hypocretin\/orexin system mediates the extinction of fear memories","volume":"39","author":"Flores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00974-6","article-title":"Orexin receptor antagonists in the treatment of depression: a leading article summarising pre-clinical and clinical studies","volume":"37","author":"Fagan","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3885","article-title":"Energy metabolism and rheumatic diseases: from cell to organism","volume":"14","author":"Spies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00083","article-title":"Selective inhibition of orexin-2 receptors prevents stress-induced ACTH release in mice","volume":"11","author":"Yun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00257","article-title":"Orexin, orexin receptor antagonists and central cardiovascular control","volume":"7","author":"Carrive","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00177-8","article-title":"Apparent risks of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome diagnoses after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-Cov-2 infection","volume":"1","author":"Kwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12161","article-title":"Comorbidity of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian cohort","volume":"275","author":"Reynolds","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-64","article-title":"A narrative review on the similarities and dissimilarities between myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) and sickness behavior","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4002","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16151","article-title":"Experimental sickness reduces hypocretin receptor 1 expression in the lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area of female mice","volume":"58","author":"Kolmos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.491","article-title":"Hypocretin\/orexin prevents recovery from sickness","volume":"3","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70218-2","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) biology and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"14","author":"Liblau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9211","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74704-8","article-title":"Increased body-mass index in patients with narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Schuld","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10173","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c00362","article-title":"Discovery of a new class of orexin 2 receptor agonists as a potential treatment for narcolepsy","volume":"68","author":"Pozzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208433","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of TAK-861, an oral orexin receptor 2 agonist, in individuals with narcolepsy type 1: results from a phase 2 trial and long-term extension study interim analysis (P12-4.002)","volume":"104","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405847","article-title":"Oveporexton, an oral orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, in narcolepsy type 1","volume":"392","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.4825","article-title":"Effects of oveporexton, an orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, on cognition in narcolepsy type 1: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"83","author":"Lammers","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B316","author":"Alkermes, Inc"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B317","author":"Alkermes, Inc"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B318","author":"Alkermes, Inc"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.08.024","article-title":"Intranasal administration of orexin peptides: mechanisms and therapeutic potential for age-related cognitive dysfunction","volume":"1731","author":"Calva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.045","article-title":"The effect of intranasal orexin-A (hypocretin-1) on sleep, wakefulness and attention in narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"262","author":"Weinhold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"52","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3878-07.2007","article-title":"Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates","volume":"27","author":"Deadwyler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29480","article-title":"The integrative role of orexin\/hypocretin neurons in nociceptive perception and analgesic regulation","volume":"6","author":"Inutsuka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21604","article-title":"Intranasal drug targeting of hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) to the central nervous system","volume":"98","author":"Dhuria","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009127","article-title":"Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators","volume":"16","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.06.001","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 targets the liver and manipulates glucose metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Pirola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01663.x","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor activated insulin secretion from pancreatic \u03b2-cells: mechanism and glucose dependence","volume":"15","author":"Meloni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116776","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 RA and DPP-4i induce insulin sensitivity","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401145","article-title":"Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"36","author":"Nauck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-04085-8","article-title":"Adiponectin may play a crucial role in the metabolic effects of GLP-1RAs treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary longitudinal study","volume":"87","author":"Al Refaie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000750","article-title":"Lipid effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs","volume":"32","author":"Berberich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121916","article-title":"The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 impairs lipid metabolism and increases susceptibility to lipotoxicity: implication for a role of Nrf2","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38682-4","article-title":"Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Talla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103267","article-title":"Diverse immunological dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and impaired erythropoiesis in long COVID patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Saito","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40012-7","article-title":"Chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, and autoreactivity splits long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Woodruff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13486","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment improves endothelial function in the Ldlr\u2212\/\u2212 mouse model of atherosclerosis and affects genes involved in vascular remodelling and inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Bj\u00f8rnholm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.11.009","article-title":"Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.003","article-title":"Divergent roles for the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R in control of metabolism, microbiota, and T cell-induced inflammation","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B338","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: new strategies and therapeutic targets to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1446468","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in coronary artery disease: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Skrobucha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106320","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and immunological properties of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"182","author":"Bendotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15683","article-title":"The role of glia in the physiology and pharmacology of glucagon-like peptide-1: implications for obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration and glaucoma","volume":"179","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2025.07.006","article-title":"Utility of glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor agonists in mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"370","author":"Afrin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2020-0005","article-title":"Diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome: a global \u201cconsensus-2\u201d","volume":"8","author":"Afrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnosis"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.016","article-title":"COVID-19 hyperinflammation and post-COVID-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Afrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.043","article-title":"Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in long-COVID","volume":"112","author":"Weinstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.07.008","article-title":"Dulaglutide inhibits high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"671","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110311","article-title":"Tirzepatide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction by inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-kB\/NLRP3 pathway","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13791","article-title":"Liraglutide attenuate central nervous inflammation and demyelination through AMPK and pyroptosis-related NLRP3 pathway","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5052","article-title":"Semaglutide attenuates seizure severity and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction by blocking the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188231222367","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Alharbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105969","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"77","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.108968","article-title":"The protective effects of dulaglutide against advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan in human SW1353 chondrocytes","volume":"322","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164111404257","article-title":"A GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular adhesion molecule expression in an ApoE-\/- mouse model","volume":"8","author":"Gaspari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14399","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Bray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02386-8","article-title":"Towards an understanding of physical activity-induced post-exertional malaise: insights into microvascular alterations and immunometabolic interactions in post-COVID condition and myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Haunhorst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B356","article-title":"Markers of oxidative stress during post-COVID-19 fatigue: a hypothesis-generating, exploratory pilot study on hospital employees","volume":"10","author":"Hofmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00898-8","article-title":"ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 infection: might GLP-1 receptor agonists play a role?","volume":"11","author":"Monda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI194744","article-title":"GLP-1 physiology and pharmacology along the gut-brain axis","volume":"136","author":"Beutler","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217743765","article-title":"Featured article: structure moderation of gut microbiota in liraglutide-treated diabetic male rats","volume":"243","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00233","article-title":"A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lowers weight by modulating the structure of gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.814770","article-title":"Gut microbial signatures for glycemic responses of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109784","article-title":"Correlation between intestinal flora and GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment-a preliminary longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577728","article-title":"The microglial NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in human SARS-CoV-2 cerebral pathogenicity: a report of three post-mortem cases","volume":"361","author":"Cama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.002","article-title":"Deep spatial profiling of human COVID-19 brains reveals neuroinflammation with distinct microanatomical microglia-T-cell interactions","volume":"54","author":"Schwabenland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01091-22","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of microglia elicits proinflammatory activation and apoptotic cell death","volume":"10","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111975","article-title":"Shared microglial mechanisms underpinning depression and chronic fatigue syndrome and their comorbidities","volume":"372","author":"Chaves-Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/neuroglia2010004","article-title":"Hypothesis: neuroglia activation due to increased peripheral and CNS proinflammatory cytokines\/chemokines with neuroinflammation may result in long COVID","volume":"2","author":"Hayden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroglia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.131045","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an 11C-(R)-PK11195 PET study","volume":"55","author":"Nakatomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.04.015","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [11C]PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures","volume":"119","author":"VanElzakker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00849-3","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action","volume":"20","author":"Ussher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.09.004","article-title":"The GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 and LDLr\u2212\/\u2212 mice by a mechanism that includes inflammatory pathways","volume":"3","author":"Rakipovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0177-4","article-title":"Liraglutide attenuates high glucose-induced abnormal cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the GLP-1 receptor, and inhibiting ERK1\/2 and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathways","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938","article-title":"Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"117","author":"Ban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00473.2012","article-title":"Protein kinase A mediates glucagon-like peptide 1-induced nitric oxide production and muscle microvascular recruitment","volume":"304","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-013-6463-z","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits endothelin-1 in endothelial cell by repressing nuclear factor-kappa B activation","volume":"27","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346367","article-title":"Suppressive effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on interferon-\u03b3-induced nitric oxide production in insulin producing cells is mediated by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production","volume":"31","author":"Hahm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1694","article-title":"Inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4","volume":"59","author":"Arakawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-07-0586","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1-related peptides increase nitric oxide effects to reduce platelet activation","volume":"117","author":"Barale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1141","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation attenuates platelet aggregation and thrombosis","volume":"65","author":"Cameron-Vendrig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03908-3","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06163.2003","article-title":"CNS glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors mediate endocrine and anxiety responses to interoceptive and psychogenic stressors","volume":"23","author":"Kinzig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.016","article-title":"Role of central glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical facilitation following chronic stress","volume":"210","author":"Tauchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B384","first-page":"184","article-title":"Disruption of glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling in Sim1 neurons reduces physiological and behavioral reactivity to acute and chronic stress","volume":"37","author":"Ghosal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01420","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy volunteers","volume":"104","author":"Winzeler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.042","article-title":"Enhanced AMPA receptor trafficking mediates the anorexigenic effect of endogenous glucagon like peptide-1 in the paraventricular hypothalamus","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03117-2","article-title":"Glucagon like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) nerve terminals densely innervate corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"985","author":"Sarkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060687","article-title":"Implications of GLP-1 receptor agonist on thyroid function: a literature review of its effects on thyroid volume, risk of cancer, functionality and TSH levels","volume":"14","author":"Capuccio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12993","article-title":"Severely low testosterone in males with COVID-19: a case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Salonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2201-8816","article-title":"Male hypogonadism after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection: a prospective observational study","volume":"132","author":"Prasad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071955","article-title":"Detection of male hypogonadism in patients with post COVID-19 condition","volume":"11","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B392","first-page":"31","article-title":"Burden of male hypogonadism and major comorbidities, and the clinical, economic, and humanistic benefits of testosterone therapy: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Yeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Outcomes Res CEOR"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13318","article-title":"Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Van Cauwenberghe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13015","article-title":"Is there a role for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of male infertility?","volume":"9","author":"Cannarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170711","article-title":"Semaglutide early intervention attenuated testicular dysfunction by targeting the GLP-1\u2013PPAR-\u03b1\u2013Kisspeptin\u2013steroidogenesis signaling pathway in a testicular ischemia-reperfusion rat model","volume":"149","author":"Abdullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2026091519562377100_bnag009-B396","volume-title":"The Fractal Geometry of Nature","author":"Beno\u00eet","year":"1982"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnag009\/68163775\/bnag009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/47\/5\/535\/68163775\/bnag009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/47\/5\/535\/68163775\/bnag009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:57:17Z","timestamp":1789516637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/47\/5\/535\/8662897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":396,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnag009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]}}}