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Although the pathogenesis of some autoimmune endocrine diseases has been elucidated, it remains obscure for most.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis (anti-PIT-1 antibody syndrome) is a newly described pituitary autoimmune disease characterized by acquired and specific growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiencies. This disorder is associated with a thymoma or neoplasm that ectopically expresses pituitary-specific transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) protein. Circulating anti-PIT-1 antibody is a disease marker, and PIT-1-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play a pivotal role in disease development.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In addition, isolated ACTH deficiency appears to be caused by autoimmunity to corticotrophs; however, the pathogenesis remains unclear. A recently described case of isolated ACTH deficiency with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) showed ectopically expressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and circulating anti-POMC antibody and POMC-reactive CTLs were also detected. As CTL infiltrations around corticotrophs were also observed, isolated ACTH deficiency may be associated at least in part with a paraneoplastic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Although several underlying mechanisms for pituitary autoimmunity have been proposed, these observations highlight the importance of paraneoplastic syndrome as a cause of pituitary autoimmune disease. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology and connection of anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis and isolated ACTH deficiency and discuss the state-of-art knowledge for understanding pituitary autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T12:38:35Z","timestamp":1568291915000},"page":"261-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Autoimmune Pituitary Disease: New Concepts With Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genzo","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bulletin of Medical Center for Student\u2019s Health Service, Kobe University, Kobe, 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