{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:49:21Z","timestamp":1792118961963,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":386,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,8]],"date-time":"2008-10-08T21:52:41Z","timestamp":1223502761000},"page":"697-725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Joint Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: from Epidemiology to Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (A.H., F.M., S.C., E.M.J., Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Menconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (A.H., F.M., S.C., E.M.J., Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Corathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (A.H., F.M., S.C., E.M.J., Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (A.H., F.M., S.C., E.M.J., Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaron","family":"Tomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (A.H., F.M., S.C., E.M.J., Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"},{"name":"Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Y.T.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019041121312291300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030158","article-title":"Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes.","volume":"350","author":"Eisenbarth","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502320908312","article-title":"Disease associations with autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"12","author":"Weetman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1346","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicenter survey.","volume":"25","author":"Kordonouri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80227-8","article-title":"Organ-specific autoantibodies in children with common endocrine diseases.","volume":"100","author":"Bright","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.8.1113","volume":"37","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R6","first-page":"179","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood.","volume":"41","author":"Rewers","year":"1988","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90938-Y","article-title":"Incidence of childhood-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the EURODIAB ACE Study.","volume":"339","author":"Green","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02374468","article-title":"A review of the recent epidemiological data on the worldwide incidence of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization DIAMOND Project Group.","volume":"36","author":"Karvonen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0895(199712)13:4<275::AID-DMR197>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Sex difference in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the recent epidemiological data. World Health Organization DIAMOND Project Group.","volume":"13","author":"Karvonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.10.1516","article-title":"Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group.","volume":"23","author":"Karvonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01925.x","volume":"23","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939008993388","article-title":"Thyroid autoantibodies in black and in white children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their first degree relatives.","volume":"7","author":"Burek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.4.504","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the incidence of childhood IDDM in Israel (1965\u20131993). Marked increase since 1985, especially in Yemenite Jews.","volume":"20","author":"Shamis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R14","first-page":"770","article-title":"Incidence of diabetes mellitus in various population groups in Israel (1989 and 1990).","volume":"30","author":"Laron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.6.1234","article-title":"Childhood onset diabetes\u2014time trends and climatological factors.","volume":"23","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050661","article-title":"Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic Sea during 1983\u20131992.","volume":"40","author":"Padaiga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.31.2.136","article-title":"The Pittsburgh study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Risk for diabetes among relatives of IDDM.","volume":"31","author":"Wagener","year":"1982","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1985.tb01706.x","article-title":"The affected sib method. IV. Sib trios.","volume":"49","author":"Payami","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the role of HLA-linked and unlinked determinants of disease.","volume":"40","author":"Risch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5448.2001.00013.x","article-title":"Genetic epidemiology of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"4","author":"Hirschhorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.43.605","article-title":"Genetics of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"43","author":"Ikegami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R22","first-page":"799","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity, modes of inheritance, and risk estimates for a joint study of Caucasians with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"43","author":"Thomson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1980.tb00954.x","article-title":"Gene dosage and susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes.","volume":"44","author":"Spielman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R24","first-page":"237","article-title":"Combined segregation and linkage analysis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"40","author":"Rich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R25","first-page":"229","article-title":"Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. II. The power of affected relative pairs.","volume":"46","author":"Risch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81110-1","article-title":"Genetic analysis of autoimmune disease.","volume":"85","author":"Vyse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363875","article-title":"Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"3","author":"Pociot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.17.11.693","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in twins.","volume":"17","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1968","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1963.tb17429.x","article-title":"Selection in diabetes in modern society.","volume":"173","author":"Harvald","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)90151-1","article-title":"Relationship between obesity and concordance rate for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus among twins.","volume":"26","author":"Matsuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R31","first-page":"61","author":"Leslie","year":"1993"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.9.1351","article-title":"North-American twins with IDDM. Genetic, etiological, and clinical significance of disease concordance according to age, zygosity, and the interval after diagnosis in first twin.","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221682","article-title":"Concordance for type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland.","volume":"35","author":"Kaprio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92720-1","article-title":"Diabetes in identical twins.","volume":"2","author":"Tattersall","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262007","article-title":"Diabetes in identical twins. A study of 200 pairs.","volume":"20","author":"Barnett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051626","article-title":"Heterogeneity of type I diabetes: analysis of monozygotic twins in Great Britain and the United States.","volume":"44","author":"Redondo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7185.698","article-title":"Genetic determination of islet cell autoimmunity in monozygotic twin, dizygotic twin, and non-twin siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes: prospective twin study.","volume":"318","author":"Redondo","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01340.x","article-title":"The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey.","volume":"7","author":"Tunbridge","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1985.tb02691.x","article-title":"Thyrotoxicosis in Iceland 1980\u20131982. An epidemiological survey.","volume":"217","author":"Haraldsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R41","first-page":"636","article-title":"through 1967.","volume":"45","author":"Furszyfer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01174.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of thyrotoxicosis in Denmark. Incidence and geographical variation in the Funen region 1972\u20131974.","volume":"208","author":"Mogensen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00489.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of thyrotoxicosis in New Zealand: incidence and geographical distribution in north Canterbury, 1983\u20131985.","volume":"33","author":"Brownlie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00132.x","article-title":"Total and age-specific incidence of Graves\u2019 thyrotoxicosis, toxic nodular goitre and solitary toxic adenoma in Malmo 1970\u201374.","volume":"227","author":"Berglund","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330190057019","article-title":"Detecting unsuspected thyroid dysfunction by the free thyroxine index.","volume":"140","author":"Remedios","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90353-4","article-title":"Serum thyrotrophin in symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"1","author":"Gordin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(72)90041-8","article-title":"Epidemiologic aspects of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease in Rochester, Minnesota (1935\u20131967), with special reference to temporal trends.","volume":"21","author":"Furszyfer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1996.415757000.x","article-title":"Increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis in Malmo during the years 1988\u20131990 as compared to the years 1970\u20131974.","volume":"239","author":"Berglund","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.331","article-title":"A new classification for human autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"3","author":"Davies","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R51","author":"Bartels","year":"1941"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R52","first-page":"207","article-title":"The heredity and familial aspects of exophthalmic goitre and nodular goitre.","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"1945","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R53","first-page":"719","article-title":"Familial studies of autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"2","author":"Hall","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-51-5-1123","article-title":"Changes in thyroid function in euthyroid subjects with family history of Graves\u2019 disease; a follow-up study of 69 patients.","volume":"51","author":"Tamai","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-1-45","article-title":"Abnormalities in thyroid function in relatives of patients with Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: lack of correlation with inheritance of HLA-B8.","volume":"45","author":"Chopra","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R56","first-page":"123","author":"Tamai","year":"1986"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(80)90012-8","article-title":"Thyroid abnormalities in children of parents who have Graves\u2019 disease: possible pre-Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"29","author":"Carey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R58","first-page":"109","author":"Volpe","year":"1985"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(82)90204-5","article-title":"The presence of thyroid autoantibodies in children and adolescents with AITD and in their siblings and parents.","volume":"25","author":"Burek","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.791","article-title":"Limited genetic susceptibility to severe Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy: no role for CTLA-4 and evidence for an environmental etiology.","volume":"10","author":"Villanueva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00450.x","article-title":"A population-based study of Graves\u2019 diseases in Danish twins.","volume":"48","author":"Brix","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R62","first-page":"930","article-title":"Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves\u2019 disease: a population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts.","volume":"86","author":"Brix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502760258613","article-title":"Further evidence for a strong genetic influence on the development of autoimmune thyroid disease: The California twin study.","volume":"12","author":"Ringold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R64","first-page":"536","article-title":"A population-based study of chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism in Danish twins.","volume":"85","author":"Brix","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502760043440","article-title":"Is birthweight associated with thyroid autoimmunity? A study in twins.","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80316-2","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the case for routine screening.","volume":"99","author":"Riley","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262215","article-title":"Clinical and subclinical organ-specific autoimmune manifestations in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives.","volume":"26","author":"Betterle","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.7.801","article-title":"Screening for thyroid disease in children with IDDM.","volume":"13","author":"McKenna","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R69","first-page":"151","article-title":"Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases in young diabetics.","volume":"13","author":"Kontiainen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1994.7.1.33","article-title":"Thyroid ultrasound in IDDM.","volume":"7","author":"Darendeliler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R71","first-page":"89","article-title":"IDDM and autoimmune thyroid disease in the pediatric age group.","volume":"9(Suppl 1)","author":"Lorini","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(97)90108-6","article-title":"High prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Swedish children.","volume":"130","author":"Lindberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R73","first-page":"113","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Effect of age, gender and HLA type.","volume":"52","author":"Holl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00699.x","article-title":"Predictivity of thyroid autoantibodies for the development of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"19","author":"Kordonouri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400512","article-title":"Thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"140","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2007.20.6.669","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors.","volume":"20","author":"Mantovani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R77","first-page":"9","article-title":"Update on autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS).","volume":"74","author":"Betterle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39059","article-title":"HLA-DQA1*0301-associated susceptibility for autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II and III.","volume":"35","author":"Wallaschofski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.1.27","article-title":"Comparative analysis of organ-specific autoantibodies and celiac disease\u2014associated antibodies in type 1 diabetic patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy control subjects.","volume":"24","author":"Jaeger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837510","article-title":"Coincidence of high antiislet and antithyroid autoantibody titles in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"113","author":"Sougioultzoglou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.01.001","article-title":"Familial clustering of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"26","author":"Anaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R82","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: differences among individuals with and without abnormal thyroid function.","volume":"83","author":"McCanlies","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R83","first-page":"97","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"133(Suppl 1)","author":"Dorman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01162.x","article-title":"Clustering of autoimmune disease in parents of siblings from the type 1 diabetes Warren repository.","volume":"21","author":"Tait","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R85","first-page":"135","article-title":"Linkage analysis of \u201cnecessary\u201d loci versus \u201csusceptibility\u201d loci.","volume":"52","author":"Greenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R86","author":"Ott","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1036","article-title":"Determining trait locus position from multipoint analysis: accuracy and power of three different statistics.","volume":"21","author":"Greenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000022794","article-title":"Mapping genes through the use of linkage disequilibrium generated by genetic drift: \u2018drift mapping\u2019 in small populations with no demographic expansion.","volume":"48","author":"Terwilliger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R89","first-page":"1139","article-title":"The search for heterogeneity in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): linkage studies, two-locus models, and genetic heterogeneity.","volume":"35","author":"Hodge","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1195-241","article-title":"Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results.","volume":"11","author":"Lander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2236","article-title":"Genetic analysis of families with autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis: evidence for common and unique genes.","volume":"90","author":"Golden","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0603-6","article-title":"A type 1 diabetes subgroup with a female bias is characterised by failure in tolerance to thyroid peroxidase at an early age and a strong association with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene.","volume":"50","author":"Howson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1407","article-title":"The association of CTLA4 polymorphism with type 1 diabetes is concentrated in patients complicated with autoimmune thyroid disease: a multicenter collaborative study in Japan.","volume":"91","author":"Ikegami","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000066195","article-title":"Evaluating genetic heterogeneity in complex disorders.","volume":"53","author":"Pal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1977.tb02031.x","article-title":"Counting methods (EM algorithm) in human pedigree analysis: linkage and segregation analysis.","volume":"40","author":"Ott","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1982.tb00706.x","article-title":"X-Linkage and genetic heterogeneity in bipolar-related major affective illness: reanalysis of linkage data.","volume":"46","author":"Risch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R97","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis: a unified multipoint approach.","volume":"58","author":"Kruglyak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1086\/378588","article-title":"Common and unique susceptibility loci in Graves and Hashimoto diseases: results of whole-genome screening in a data set of 102 multiplex families.","volume":"73","author":"Tomer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5281.1516","article-title":"The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases.","volume":"273","author":"Risch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x","article-title":"On estimating the relation between blood group and disease.","volume":"19","author":"Woolf","year":"1955","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320540408","article-title":"What association analysis can and cannot tell us about the genetics of complex disease.","volume":"54","author":"Hodge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R102","first-page":"506","article-title":"Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: the insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"52","author":"Spielman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1987.tb00875.x","article-title":"Haplotype relative risks: an easy and reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations.","volume":"51","author":"Falk","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R104","first-page":"402","article-title":"Comparison of statistics for candidate-gene association studies using cases and parents.","volume":"55","author":"Schaid","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R105","first-page":"159","article-title":"Human DNA polymorphisms based on length variations in simple-sequence tandem repeats.","volume":"1","author":"Weber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genome Analysis"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00219-X","article-title":"The essence of SNPs.","volume":"234","author":"Brookes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1086\/301972","article-title":"Mapping genes by drift-generated linkage disequilibrium.","volume":"63","author":"Laan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5463.136","article-title":"Identification of a coordinate regulator of interleukins 4, 13, and 5 by cross-species sequence comparisons.","volume":"288","author":"Loots","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/35079114","article-title":"A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"411","author":"Ogura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281005","article-title":"Familial hyperglycemia due to mutations in glucokinase. Definition of a subtype of diabetes mellitus.","volume":"328","author":"Froguel","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.02.026","article-title":"Analysis of HLA genes in families with autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis.","volume":"65","author":"Levin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/371130a0","article-title":"A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.","volume":"371","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078120","article-title":"Drinking from the fire hose\u2014statistical issues in genomewide association studies.","volume":"357","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","article-title":"Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"411","author":"Hugot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2434175100","article-title":"Amino acid substitutions in the thyroglobulin gene are associated with susceptibility to human and murine autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"100","author":"Ban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04226","article-title":"A haplotype map of the human genome.","volume":"437","author":"Altshuler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135245","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene.","volume":"314","author":"Duerr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2068","article-title":"Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"39","author":"Todd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2178","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into type 2 diabetes aetiology.","volume":"8","author":"Frayling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076641","article-title":"Finding genes that underlie complex traits.","volume":"298","author":"Glazier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.09.007","article-title":"The genetics of type 1 diabetes: lessons learned and future challenges","volume":"Suppl","author":"Onengut-Gumuscu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autoimmun 25"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(03)00082-3","article-title":"Genetics of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"33","author":"Pugliese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1679","article-title":"Clinical review: type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity: natural history, genetic associations, and screening.","volume":"91","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821206","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility and immunological synapse in type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoimmune disease.","volume":"112","author":"Badenhoop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1375.001","article-title":"The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium.","volume":"1079","author":"Rich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930956","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans.","volume":"56","author":"Kantarova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R127","first-page":"508","article-title":"Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"3(Suppl 3)","author":"Bartsocas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10337","article-title":"Genetics of diabetes mellitus.","volume":"115","author":"Bartsocas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R129","first-page":"57","author":"Tomer","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.5.1200","article-title":"The HLA-DPB1-associated component of the IDDM1 and its relationship to the major loci HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, and -DRB1.","volume":"50","author":"Cucca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00772.x","article-title":"14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: report on the HLA component of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"69(Suppl 1)","author":"Steenkiste","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.06.002","article-title":"HLA and autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes (T1D) as an example.","volume":"5","author":"Gorodezky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10341","article-title":"Estimation of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.","volume":"115","author":"Ilonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R134","first-page":"321","article-title":"Biomarkers of susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with special reference to the Indian population.","volume":"125","author":"Mehra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1326","article-title":"Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes.","volume":"23","author":"Sabbah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R136","first-page":"2455","article-title":"Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in relation to other autoantibodies and genetic risk markers in children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.","volume":"81","author":"Sabbah","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.21.8111","article-title":"Aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQ \u03b2-chain protects against type I diabetes: a family study.","volume":"85","author":"Morel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/329599a0","article-title":"HLA-DQ\u03b2 gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"329","author":"Todd","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(95)80655-5","article-title":"Molecular genetics of diabetes mellitus.","volume":"9","author":"Aitman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillie\u0300re\u2019s Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114569","article-title":"A combination of HLA-DQ \u03b2 Asp 57-negative and HLA-DQ \u03b1 Arg 52 confers susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"85","author":"Khalil","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R141","first-page":"S116","author":"Ikegami","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1375.044","article-title":"Genetic determinants of type 1 diabetes across populations.","volume":"1079","author":"Jahromi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116110","article-title":"Age-dependent HLA genetic heterogeneity of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"90","author":"Caillat-Zucman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0932-0","article-title":"Joint effects of HLA, INS, PTPN22 and CTLA4 genes on the risk of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"51","author":"Bjornvold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1423.011","article-title":"MICA gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.","volume":"1110","author":"Gambelunghe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.10.007","article-title":"MICA A8: a new allele within MHC class I chain-related a transmembrane region with eight GCT repeats.","volume":"67","author":"Gambelunghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1996.0057","article-title":"IDDM2-VNTR-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: dominant protection and parental transmission of alleles of the insulin gene-linked minisatellite locus.","volume":"9","author":"Bennett","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-293","article-title":"The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes.","volume":"15","author":"Pugliese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-289","article-title":"Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus.","volume":"15","author":"Vafiadis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.1.111","article-title":"Cooperative inhibition of T-cell antigen receptor signaling by a complex between a kinase and a phosphatase.","volume":"189","author":"Cloutier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1323","article-title":"A functional variant of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase is associated with type I diabetes.","volume":"36","author":"Bottini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0289","article-title":"Further evidence of a primary, causal association of the PTPN22 620W variant with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"57","author":"Zoledziewska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.03.008","article-title":"Role of PTPN22 in type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases.","volume":"18","author":"Bottini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02035","article-title":"Sex-specific association of PTPN22 1858T with type 1 diabetes but not with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis or Addison\u2019s disease in the German population.","volume":"153","author":"Kahles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-8-54","article-title":"Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes conferred by the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism in the Spanish population.","volume":"8","author":"Santiago","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090535","article-title":"A molecular perspective of CTLA-4 function.","volume":"24","author":"Teft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300042884","article-title":"Unraveling the genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases: CTLA-4 takes the stage.","volume":"11","author":"Tomer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.7.1075","article-title":"The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Belgian Diabetes Registry.","volume":"5","author":"Nistico","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi165","article-title":"CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus: a HuGE Review and meta-analysis.","volume":"162","author":"Kavvoura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.8.1275","article-title":"Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with CTLA4 polymorphisms in multiple ethnic groups.","volume":"6","author":"Marron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01621","article-title":"Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease.","volume":"423","author":"Ueda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R162","first-page":"143","article-title":"CTLA4 alanine-17 confers genetic susceptibility to Graves\u2019 disease and to type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"82","author":"Donner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00292.x","article-title":"The CTLA4 +49 A\/G dimorphism is not associated with type 1 diabetes in Czech children.","volume":"29","author":"Cinek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930108994124","article-title":"No association of type 1 diabetes with a microsatellite marker for CTLA-4 in a Japanese population.","volume":"34","author":"Ban","year":"2001","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.10.2995","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes: evidence for susceptibility loci from four genome-wide linkage scans in 1,435 multiplex families.","volume":"54","author":"Concannon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00080-6","article-title":"The etiology of autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis: evidence for common genetic susceptibility.","volume":"2","author":"Levin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R167","first-page":"626","article-title":"Evidence for a Graves\u2019 disease susceptibility locus at chromosome Xp11 in a United Kingdom population.","volume":"86","author":"Imrie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00867.x","article-title":"Relative predispositional effects of HLA class II DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes and genotypes on type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis.","volume":"70","author":"Thomson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0030","article-title":"Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function.","volume":"24","author":"Tomer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R170","first-page":"85","author":"Farid","year":"1981"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.634454.x","article-title":"Association of HLA-DQA1*0501 with Graves\u2019 disease in English Caucasian men and women.","volume":"44","author":"Barlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R172","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DQA1*0501 allele associated with genetic susceptibility to Graves\u2019 disease in a Caucasian population.","volume":"76","author":"Yanagawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001218)95:5<432::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Primary role of the HLA class II DRB1*0301 allele in Graves disease.","volume":"95","author":"Zamani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364059","article-title":"Arginine at position 74 of the HLA-DRb1 chain is associated with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"5","author":"Ban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1086\/426947","article-title":"Regression mapping of association between the human leukocyte antigen region and Graves disease.","volume":"76","author":"Simmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00700.x","article-title":"The association of goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with HLA-DR5.","volume":"17","author":"Farid","year":"1981","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197807202990306","article-title":"Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis is associated with HLA-DRw3.","volume":"299","author":"Moens","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb00309.x","article-title":"HLA associations with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis.","volume":"34","author":"Tandon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01566.x","article-title":"The influence of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD): results of studies in HLA-DR3 positive AITD families.","volume":"57","author":"Ban","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300042901","article-title":"Association of DRB1*04-DQB1*0301 haplotype and lack of association of two polymorphic sites at CTLA-4 gene with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in an Italian population.","volume":"11","author":"Petrone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.004313","article-title":"The CD40 antigen and its ligand.","volume":"12","author":"Banchereau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.9.3671","article-title":"Human B cell proliferation and Ig secretion induced by recombinant CD40 ligand are modulated by soluble cytokines.","volume":"150","author":"Armitage","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7537388","article-title":"Generation of memory B cells and plasma cells in vitro.","volume":"268","author":"Arpin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.006","article-title":"The CD40, CTLA-4, thyroglobulin, TSH receptor, and PTPN22 gene quintet and its contribution to thyroid autoimmunity: back to the future.","volume":"28","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502321085234","article-title":"A C\/T single nucleotide polymorphism in the region of the CD40 gene is associated with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"12","author":"Tomer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1089\/1050725041517039","article-title":"Role of the CD40 locus in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"14","author":"Houston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54860-2","article-title":"Structural features in eukaryotic mRNAs that modulate the initiation of translation.","volume":"266","author":"Kozak","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1617","article-title":"A Graves\u2019 disease-associated Kozak sequence single-nucleotide polymorphism enhances the efficiency of CD40 gene translation: a case for translational pathophysiology.","volume":"146","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200609-1286OC","article-title":"Association analysis of CD40 polymorphisms with asthma and the level of serum total IgE.","volume":"175","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R190","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Detection of CD40 on human thyroid follicular cells: analysis of expression and function.","volume":"83","author":"Metcalfe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.749","article-title":"CD40 expression in human thyroid tissue: evidence for involvement of multiple cell types in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases.","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90629-3","article-title":"Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity.","volume":"2","author":"Bottazzo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364375","article-title":"A CD40 Kozak sequence polymorphism and susceptibility to antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions: the role of CD40 tissue-specific expression.","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R194","first-page":"41","article-title":"CTLA-4 gene polymorphism associated with Graves\u2019 disease in a Caucasian population.","volume":"80","author":"Yanagawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1710996.x","article-title":"A CTLA-4 gene polymorphism is associated with both Graves\u2019 disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism.","volume":"46","author":"Kotsa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343992","article-title":"Relation of three polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene in patients with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"25","author":"Kouki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364018","article-title":"Analysis of the CTLA-4, CD28 and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) genes in autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"4","author":"Ban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R198","first-page":"2398","article-title":"The development of Graves\u2019 disease and the CTLA-4 gene on chromosome 2q33.","volume":"84","author":"Heward","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.851","article-title":"Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with microsatellite markers for the thyrotropin receptor gene and CTLA-4 in Japanese patients.","volume":"10","author":"Akamizu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.453","article-title":"Polymorphism in the promoter and exon 1 of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Koreans.","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R201","first-page":"4130","article-title":"Codon 17 polymorphism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and Addison\u2019s disease.","volume":"82","author":"Donner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502753451896","article-title":"Polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene is associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism in the United Kingdom.","volume":"12","author":"Nithiyananthan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R203","first-page":"453","article-title":"Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with a microsatellite marker for the thyrotropin receptor gene and CTLA-4 in a Japanese population.","volume":"109","author":"Sale","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02993.x","article-title":"CTLA-4 promoter variants in patients with Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis.","volume":"51","author":"Braun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.843","article-title":"CTLA4 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to Graves\u2019 disease in Japanese.","volume":"7","author":"Yanagawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R206","first-page":"1687","article-title":"CTLA-4 and not CD28 is a susceptibility gene for thyroid autoantibody production.","volume":"86","author":"Tomer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502760043431","article-title":"The influence of the exon 1 polymorphism of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene on thyroid antibody production in patients with newly diagnosed Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"12","author":"Zaletel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2006.00574.x","article-title":"Thyroid autoantibody production is influenced by exon 1 and promoter CTLA-4 polymorphisms in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis.","volume":"33","author":"Zaletel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1108","article-title":"The codon 620 tryptophan allele of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) gene is a major determinant of Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"89","author":"Velaga","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/429096","article-title":"Analysis of families in the multiple autoimmune disease genetics consortium (MADGC) collection: the PTPN22 620W allele associates with multiple autoimmune phenotypes.","volume":"76","author":"Criswell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1115","article-title":"The codon 620 single nucleotide polymorphism of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-22 gene does not contribute to autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility in the Japanese.","volume":"15","author":"Ban","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4243","article-title":"Anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases: cross-reactive or pathogenic?","volume":"82","author":"Tomer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180009088510","article-title":"Newer insights into the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"19","author":"Stafford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60656-2","article-title":"Immune mechanisms in autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"46","author":"Charreire","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.13.1379","article-title":"Identification of susceptibility loci for autoimmune thyroid disease to 5q31\u2013q33 and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis to 8q23\u2013q24 by multipoint affected sib-pair linkage analysis in Japanese.","volume":"10","author":"Sakai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8291","article-title":"Thyroglobulin is a thyroid specific gene for the familial autoimmune thyroid diseases.","volume":"87","author":"Tomer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5039","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030093","article-title":"Association of a rare thyroglobulin gene microsatellite variant with autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"88","author":"Collins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02096.x","article-title":"Association of a thyroglobulin gene polymorphism with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in the Japanese population.","volume":"61","author":"Ban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0675","article-title":"Association between a C\/T polymorphism in exon 33 of the thyroglobulin gene is associated with relapse of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism after antithyroid withdrawal in Taiwanese.","volume":"92","author":"Hsiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6336","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1336","article-title":"Common allelic variants of exons 10, 12, and 33 of the thyroglobulin gene are not associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in the United Kingdom.","volume":"89","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.351","article-title":"Possible interaction between HLA-DR\u03b21 and thyroglobulin variants in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"16","author":"Hodge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R222","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Evidence for genetic transmission of thyroid peroxidase autoantibody epitopic \u201cfingerprints\u201d.","volume":"84","author":"Jaume","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.461","article-title":"Thyroperoxidase microsatellite polymorphism in thyroid disease.","volume":"5","author":"Pirro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R224","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Mapping of a major susceptibility locus for Graves\u2019 disease (GD-1) to chromosome 14q31.","volume":"82","author":"Tomer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.89","article-title":"A polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor is highly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in females.","volume":"5","author":"Cuddihy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.777","article-title":"Lack of association between polymorphism of the thyrotropin receptor gene and Graves\u2019 disease in United Kingdom and Hong Kong Chinese patients: case control and family-based studies.","volume":"8","author":"Allahabadia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.31","article-title":"No association between a thyrotropin receptor gene polymorphism and Graves\u2019 disease in the female population.","volume":"7","author":"Kotsa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.7","article-title":"Analysis of mutations in exon 1 of the human thyrotropin receptor gene: high frequency of the D36H and P52T polymorphic variants.","volume":"9","author":"Simanainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2000.00187.x","article-title":"Analysis of the genetic variability of the 1st (CCC\/ACC, P52T) and the 10th exons (bp 1012\u20131704) of the TSH receptor gene in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"27","author":"Kaczur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3007","article-title":"Complex association analysis of Graves\u2019 disease using a set of polymorphic markers.","volume":"70","author":"Chistyakov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502321085171","article-title":"A germline single nucleotide polymorphism at the intracellular domain of the human thyrotropin receptor does not have a major effect on the development of Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"12","author":"Ban","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322238773","article-title":"Association of Graves\u2019 disease with intragenic polymorphism of the thyrotropin receptor gene in a cohort of Singapore patients of multi-ethnic origins.","volume":"13","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2148","article-title":"Multiple SNPs in intron 7 of thyrotropin receptor are associated with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"90","author":"Hiratani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201485","article-title":"Association of the TSHR gene with Graves\u2019 disease: the first disease specific locus.","volume":"13","author":"Dechairo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(98)00002-0","article-title":"Major histocompatibility class II genes polymorphism in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with or without associated thyroid autoimmunity.","volume":"59","author":"Djilali-Saiah","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.4.582","article-title":"Absence of shared HLA class II (DR, DQ)-linked genetic basis between IDDM and autoimmune thyroid disease in Japanese.","volume":"18","author":"Awata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320330324","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid phenomena are not evidence for human lymphocyte antigen-genetic heterogeneity in insulin-dependent diabetes.","volume":"33","author":"Allen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370060126","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in type 1 diabetes.","volume":"6","author":"Payami","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R239","first-page":"878","article-title":"HLA-DQB1-associated susceptibility that distinguishes Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis from Graves\u2019 disease in type I diabetic patients.","volume":"78","author":"Santamaria","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R240","first-page":"170","article-title":"Genetic interrelationship between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the autoimmune thyroid diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"38","author":"Torfs","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R241","first-page":"2559","article-title":"Although DR3-DQB1*0201 may be associated with multiple component diseases of the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, the human leukocyte antigen DR4-DQB1*0302 haplotype is implicated only in \u03b2-cell autoimmunity.","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)01025-U","article-title":"Immunogenetic heterogeneity in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes among Japanese\u2013class II antigen and autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"27","author":"Chikuba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R243","first-page":"253","article-title":"Susceptibility alleles and haplotypes of human leukocyte antigen DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type III in Japanese population.","volume":"64","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000101279","article-title":"Polymorphisms of HLA class II predispose children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus to autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00857.x","article-title":"HLA DRB1\/DQA1\/DQB1 haplotype determines thyroid autoimmunity in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"45","author":"Chuang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0082","article-title":"Early onset of polyglandular failure is associated with HLA-DRB1*03.","volume":"159","author":"Dittmar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500050210","article-title":"CTLA-4 (CD152) and its involvement in autoimmune disease.","volume":"38","author":"Holmberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.171","article-title":"Association of asthma severity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness with a polymorphism in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene.","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00119-2","article-title":"Genetic association of Ctla-4 to myasthenia gravis with thymoma.","volume":"88","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22004","article-title":"Influence of CTLA4 haplotypes on susceptibility and some extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"54","author":"Downie-Doyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-004-1244-1","article-title":"CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a meta-analysis.","volume":"116","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364313","article-title":"Association of CTLA-4 gene promoter polymorphisms with systemic sclerosis in Iranian population.","volume":"7","author":"Almasi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000217339.61183.dd","article-title":"Association of CTLA-4 gene microsatellite polymorphism with ulcerative colitis in Chinese patients.","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0147","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease: a meta-analysis.","volume":"92","author":"Kavvoura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02610.x","article-title":"Analysis of a microsatellite polymorphism of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene in patients with vitiligo.","volume":"140","author":"Kemp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.975","article-title":"Association of CTLA-4 gene A\/G polymorphism in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients with younger age of onset and autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"23","author":"Takara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701464897","article-title":"Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in human autoimmunity.","volume":"40","author":"Vang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1086\/422827","article-title":"A missense single-nucleotide polymorphism in a gene encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"75","author":"Begovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1086\/498651","article-title":"Replication of putative candidate-gene associations with rheumatoid arthritis in >4,000 samples from North America and Sweden: association of susceptibility with PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4.","volume":"77","author":"Plenge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1086\/423790","article-title":"Genetic association of the R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 with human SLE.","volume":"75","author":"Kyogoku","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21223","article-title":"Association analysis of the R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in systemic lupus erythematosus families: increased T allele frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701510848","article-title":"PTPN22: its role in SLE and autoimmunity.","volume":"40","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.11.3020","article-title":"Replication of an association between the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase locus (LYP\/PTPN22) with type 1 diabetes, and evidence for its role as a general autoimmunity locus.","volume":"53","author":"Smyth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364138","article-title":"A functional polymorphism (1858C\/T) in the PTPN22 gene is linked and associated with type I diabetes in multiplex families.","volume":"5","author":"Onengut-Gumuscu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.09.016","article-title":"Association of the single nucleotide polymorphism C1858T of the PTPN22 gene with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"66","author":"Ladner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.906","article-title":"Genetic association between a lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) and type 1 diabetes.","volume":"54","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2004.026971","article-title":"Confirmation of the association of the R620W polymorphism in the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 with type 1 diabetes in a family-based study.","volume":"42","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00987.x","article-title":"Association between PTPN22 C1858T and type 1 diabetes: a replication in continental Italy.","volume":"71","author":"Saccucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364220","article-title":"Differential association of the PTPN22 coding variant with autoimmune diseases in a Dutch population.","volume":"6","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2006.00202.x","article-title":"Association of the PTPN22\/LYP gene with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"7","author":"Steck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00591.x","article-title":"The 1858T PTPN22 gene variant contributes to a genetic risk of type 1 diabetes in a Ukrainian population.","volume":"67","author":"Fedetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2007.00720.x","article-title":"Sex-specific association of the human PTPN22 1858T-allele with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"34","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02279.x","article-title":"Lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22\/LYP) variant and Graves\u2019 disease in a Polish population: association and gene dose-dependent correlation with age of onset.","volume":"62","author":"Skorka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2064","article-title":"Association of PTPN22 haplotypes with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"92","author":"Heward","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-005-0246-8","article-title":"Ethnic differences in allele frequency of autoimmune-disease-associated SNPs.","volume":"50","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31124","article-title":"Systematic search for single nucleotide polymorphisms in a lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTPN22): association between a promoter polymorphism and type 1 diabetes in Asian populations.","volume":"140","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R277","author":"Villano","year":"2007"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.016","article-title":"The regulatory T cell gene FOXP3 and genetic susceptibility to thyroid autoimmunity: an association analysis in Caucasian and Japanese cohorts.","volume":"28","author":"Ban","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-003-0559-8","article-title":"A functional polymorphism in the promoter\/enhancer region of the FOXP3\/Scurfin gene associated with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"55","author":"Bassuny","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.06.007","article-title":"FOXP3 polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease.","volume":"27","author":"Bjornvold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.7.1911","article-title":"No association between variation of the FOXP3 gene and common type 1 diabetes in the Sardinian population.","volume":"53","author":"Zavattari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R282","first-page":"399","volume":"17","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609263351307","article-title":"Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung\u2019s disease.","volume":"335","author":"Eng","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70196-1","article-title":"Genetic markers in thyroid neoplasia.","volume":"30","author":"Puxeddu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02623","article-title":"Mapping complex disease loci in whole-genome association studies.","volume":"429","author":"Carlson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.05.006","article-title":"Dissecting genetic heterogeneity in autoimmune thyroid diseases by subset analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Tomer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00522.x","article-title":"The interaction between protein-derived immunogenic peptides and Ia.","volume":"98","author":"Buus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R288","first-page":"307","article-title":"Autoimmune disease and HLA.","volume":"10","author":"Nelson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347743","article-title":"The genes influencing the susceptibility to IDDM in humans.","volume":"17","author":"Faas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/88694","article-title":"Structure of a human insulin peptide-HLA-DQ8 complex and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1805","article-title":"MHC class II proteins and disease: a structural perspective.","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(01)00274-6","article-title":"Insights into autoimmunity gained from structural analysis of MHC-peptide complexes.","volume":"13","author":"Wucherpfennig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R293","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Binding of human thyrotropin receptor peptides to a Graves\u2019 disease-predisposing human leukocyte antigen class II molecule.","volume":"85","author":"Sawai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.08.007","article-title":"Recognition of self-peptide-MHC complexes by autoimmune T-cell receptors.","volume":"32","author":"Deng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.009","article-title":"Unusual features of self-peptide\/MHC binding by autoimmune T cell receptors.","volume":"23","author":"Nicholson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90628-1","article-title":"Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen on thyrocytes in Graves\u2019 disease: relevance for autoimmunity.","volume":"2","author":"Hanafusa","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R297","first-page":"1215","author":"Foulis","year":"1986"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.2.209","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 induces class II MHC antigens on RINm5F cells.","volume":"37","author":"Varey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(09)90010-5","article-title":"A new view of the \u03b2 cell as an antigen-presenting cell and immunogenic target.","volume":"3(Suppl 1)","author":"Campbell","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-2-2-101","article-title":"Regulation of MHC protein expression in pancreatic \u03b2-cells by interferon-\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1.","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R301","first-page":"47","article-title":"MHC class II antigen expression on the various cells of normal and activated isolated pancreatic islets.","volume":"3","author":"Ulrichs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diagn Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01088.x","article-title":"Interferon-mediated enhancement of thyroid major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. A flow cytometric analysis.","volume":"25","author":"Rayner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/312639a0","article-title":"Epithelial cells expressing aberrant MHC class II determinants can present antigen to cloned human T cells.","volume":"312","author":"Londei","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-3-418","article-title":"Co-culture of human thyroid monolayer cells and autologous T cells: impact of HLA class II antigen expression.","volume":"61","author":"Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508083130604","article-title":"In situ characterization of autoimmune phenomena and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas in diabetic insulitis.","volume":"313","author":"Bottazzo","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.3.1360","article-title":"Pancreas in recent onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Changes in HLA, adhesion molecules and autoantigens, restricted T cell receptor V \u03b2 usage, and cytokine profile.","volume":"153","author":"Somoza","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30479-1","article-title":"Intrathyroidal MHC class II antigen expression and thyroid autoimmunity.","volume":"16","author":"Davies","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-1-543","article-title":"Reovirus induction of MHC class II antigen in rat thyroid cells.","volume":"124","author":"Neufeld","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-8411(91)90155-6","article-title":"De novo HLA class II and enhanced HLA class I molecule expression in SV40 transfected human thyroid epithelial cells.","volume":"4","author":"Belfiore","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1167","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 polymorphism determines susceptibility to autoimmune thyroiditis in transgenic mice: definitive association with HLA-DRB1*0301 (DR3) gene.","volume":"184","author":"Kong","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01077.x","article-title":"T-cell sensitization to autologous thyroid cells and normal non-specific suppressor T-cell function in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"22","author":"Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R312","first-page":"403","article-title":"The remarkable proliferation of helper T cell subset in response to autologous thyrocytes and intrathyroidal T cells from patients with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"70","author":"Eguchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.3.492","article-title":"Genetic and physical mapping of a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene (IDDM12) to a 100-kb phagemid artificial chromosome clone containing D2S72-CTLA4\u2013D2S105 on chromosome 2q33.","volume":"49","author":"Marron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351807","article-title":"Costimulatory B7 molecules in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases.","volume":"335","author":"Reiser","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.5813","article-title":"CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of early events of T cell proliferation.","volume":"162","author":"Brunner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1327","article-title":"CTLA-4-B7 interaction is sufficient to costimulate T cell clonal expansion.","volume":"185","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.2686","article-title":"Costimulation of T lymphocytes with integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induces functional expression of CTLA-4, a second receptor for B7.","volume":"152","author":"Damle","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.6.1595","article-title":"Coexpression and functional cooperation of CTLA-4 and CD28 on activated T lymphocytes.","volume":"176","author":"Linsley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90125-6","article-title":"Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4.","volume":"3","author":"Tivol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5238.985","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4 [see comments].","volume":"270","author":"Waterhouse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5784","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.5784","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorder in CTLA-4 knockout mice is characterized by CD28-regulated activation of Th2 responses.","volume":"162","author":"Khattri","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00419.x","article-title":"The role of CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in regulatory T-cell biology.","volume":"212","author":"Sansom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3489","article-title":"Characterization of CTLA-4 structure and expression on human T cells.","volume":"151","author":"Lindsten","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.11.4154","article-title":"Regulation of CTLA-4 expression during T cell activation.","volume":"156","author":"Perkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.11.4762","article-title":"Regulation of surface and intracellular expression of CTLA4 on mouse T cells.","volume":"157","author":"Alegre","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.295","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation.","volume":"192","author":"Read","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.3.393","article-title":"CD80 (B7\u20131) binds both CD28 and CTLA-4 with a low affinity and very fast kinetics.","volume":"185","author":"Merwe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(94)80021-9","article-title":"Human B7\u20131 (CD80) and B7\u20132 (CD86) bind with similar avidities but distinct kinetics to CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors.","volume":"1","author":"Linsley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46478","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206894200","article-title":"A common autoimmunity predisposing signal peptide variant of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 results in inefficient glycosylation of the susceptibility allele.","volume":"277","author":"Anjos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6606","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6606","article-title":"CTLA-4 Gene polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 reduces the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 and contributes to the pathogenesis of Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"165","author":"Kouki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8749(02)00018-7","article-title":"CTLA-4 and autoimmune thyroid disease: lack of influence of the A49G signal peptide polymorphism on functional recombinant human CTLA-4.","volume":"215","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.09.017","article-title":"Genetic analysis and functional evaluation of the C\/T(-318) and A\/G(-1661) polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene in patients affected with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"118","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363869","article-title":"A CTLA-4 gene polymorphism at position \u2212318 in the promoter region affects the expression of protein.","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363752","article-title":"CTLA-4 gene expression is influenced by promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms.","volume":"2","author":"Ligers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00542.x","article-title":"No evidence for allelic association of human CTLA-4 promoter polymorphism with autoimmune thyroid disease in either population-based case-control or family-based studies.","volume":"49","author":"Heward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-8-3","article-title":"CT60 genotype does not affect CTLA-4 isoform expression despite association to T1D and AITD in northern Sweden.","volume":"8","author":"Mayans","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1089\/10507250360731479","article-title":"CTLA-4 AT-repeat polymorphism reduces the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"13","author":"Takara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00228-X","article-title":"Abnormal expression of CTLA-4 by T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis: effect of an AT-rich gene sequence.","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90341-7","article-title":"A conserved AU sequence from the 3\u2032 untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation.","volume":"46","author":"Shaw","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610124104","article-title":"Signatures of strong population differentiation shape extended haplotypes across the human CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS costimulatory genes.","volume":"104","author":"Butty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1673","article-title":"Autoimmune-associated lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase is a gain-of-function variant.","volume":"37","author":"Vang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500050236","article-title":"The genetics of shared autoimmunity.","volume":"38","author":"Alarcon-Riquelme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R343","first-page":"1545","article-title":"The human leukocyte antigen HLA DRB3*020\/DQA1*0501 haplotype is associated with Graves\u2019 disease in African Americans.","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00498.x","article-title":"The association between HLA class II haplotype with Graves\u2019 disease in Thai population.","volume":"67","author":"Wongsurawat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.19.2025","article-title":"A correlation between the relative predisposition of MHC class II alleles to type 1 diabetes and the structure of their proteins.","volume":"10","author":"Cucca","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-003-0120-5","article-title":"Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with Graves\u2019 disease and autoimmune thyroid disease in the Japanese.","volume":"49","author":"Furugaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.7.1195","article-title":"The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 is a major Graves\u2019 disease locus.","volume":"8","author":"Vaidya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01465-8","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to thyroid associated orbitopathy [letter].","volume":"354","author":"Vaidya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02762.x","article-title":"Association of the interleukin-2 receptor \u03b1 (IL-2R\u03b1)\/CD25 gene region with Graves\u2019 disease using a multilocus test and tag SNPs.","volume":"66","author":"Brand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/429843","article-title":"Localization of a type 1 diabetes locus in the IL2RA\/CD25 region by use of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms.","volume":"76","author":"Vella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0686","article-title":"relative pairs with autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"91","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.2.176","article-title":"A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.","volume":"33","author":"Bell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.7.1884","article-title":"Remapping the insulin gene\/IDDM2 locus in type 1 diabetes.","volume":"53","author":"Barratt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1086\/323501","article-title":"Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.","volume":"69","author":"Cox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20152","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms among Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis patients.","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.03.011","article-title":"Analysis of MHC genes in a Tunisian isolate with autoimmune thyroid diseases: implication of TNF -308 gene polymorphism.","volume":"23","author":"Bougacha-Elleuch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R357","first-page":"207","article-title":"Association of TNF-\u03b1, TNF-\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms with Graves\u2019 disease in the Thai population.","volume":"24","author":"Nakkuntod","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364066","article-title":"A systematic approach to the assessment of known TNF-\u03b1 polymorphisms in Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"5","author":"Simmonds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2007.05.001","article-title":"TNFa microsatellite polymorphism modulates the risk of type 1 diabetes in the Belgian population, independent of HLA-DQ.","volume":"68","author":"Aminkeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00817.x","article-title":"Association and interaction of the TNF-\u03b1 gene with other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and HLA genes in patients with type 1 diabetes from North India.","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.10.002","article-title":"Linkage disequilibrium with predisposing DR3 haplotypes accounts for apparent effects of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-\u03b1 polymorphisms on type 1 diabetes susceptibility.","volume":"67","author":"Noble","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02848.x","article-title":"Tag SNP screening of the PDCD1 gene for association with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"67","author":"Newby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-0039.2003.00136.x","article-title":"Association of a putative regulatory polymorphism in the PD-1 gene with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.","volume":"62","author":"Nielsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0309-8","article-title":"PD-1 gene haplotype is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japanese children.","volume":"121","author":"Ni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0173","article-title":"Genomic polymorphism at the interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1) locus contributes to Graves\u2019 disease susceptibility.","volume":"92","author":"Sutherland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1800","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a type 1 diabetes locus in the interferon-induced helicase (IFIH1) region.","volume":"38","author":"Smyth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-007-9027-9","article-title":"Lack of association between interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid diseases amongst Taiwanese Chinese.","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-005-0297-x","article-title":"Association study between the IL4, IL13, IRF1 and UGRP1 genes in chromosomal 5q31 region and Chinese Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R369","first-page":"3861","article-title":"No association of an interleukin 4 gene promoter polymorphism with Graves\u2019 disease in the United Kingdom.","volume":"86","author":"Heward","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.5.6588","article-title":"Cytokine gene polymorphisms in autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"85","author":"Hunt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364036","article-title":"Functional genetic polymorphisms in cytokines and metabolic genes as additional genetic markers for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes.","volume":"5","author":"Eerligh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1086\/375655","article-title":"Association and interaction of the IL4R, IL4, and IL13 loci with type 1 diabetes among Filipinos.","volume":"72","author":"Bugawan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.11.3336","article-title":"Association of IL4R haplotypes with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"51","author":"Mirel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/107999000312595","article-title":"A CA repeat polymorphism of the IFN-\u03b3 gene is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.","volume":"20","author":"Jahromi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1086\/428387","article-title":"No evidence of association or interaction between the IL4RA, IL4, and IL13 genes in type 1 diabetes.","volume":"76","author":"Maier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20110","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in Chinese patients in Taiwan.","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.475","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor initiation codon polymorphism in Japanese patients with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"10","author":"Ban","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R378","first-page":"4639","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with Graves\u2019 disease in the Japanese population.","volume":"85","author":"Ban","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R379","first-page":"639","article-title":"Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with susceptibility to Graves\u2019 disease in Eastern Croatian population: case-control study.","volume":"46","author":"Stefanic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02015.x","article-title":"Lack of association of the vitamin D receptor gene with Graves\u2019 disease in UK Caucasians.","volume":"60","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01880.x","article-title":"Interleukin-13 gene polymorphisms in patients with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"59","author":"Bednarczuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02385.x","article-title":"IL-13 and chromosome 5q31\u2013q33: problems of identifying association within regions of linkage to Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"63","author":"Simmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.02072","article-title":"Genetic association studies of the FOXP3 gene in Graves\u2019 disease and autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease in the United Kingdom population.","volume":"37","author":"Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1366","article-title":"High frequency of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in females with autoimmune thyroid disease: a possible explanation for the female predisposition to thyroid autoimmunity.","volume":"90","author":"Brix","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201614","article-title":"Evidence from autoimmune thyroiditis of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in female predisposition to autoimmunity.","volume":"14","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312291300_R386","first-page":"3290","article-title":"Linkage analysis of candidate genes in autoimmune thyroid disease. II. Selected gender-related genes and the X-chromosome.","volume":"83","author":"Barbesino","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/697\/8862610\/edrv0697.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T13:31:51Z","timestamp":1709299911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/29\/6\/697\/2355008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,5]]},"references-count":386,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2008-0015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,5]]}}}