{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:51:47Z","timestamp":1791348707583,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T17:59:00Z","timestamp":1420221540000},"page":"131-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Hypertriglyceridemia in the Genomic Era: A New Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gary F.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre (G.F.L., C.X.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changting","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Physiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre (G.F.L., C.X.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2019041121312219100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.14.1773","article-title":"Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960\u20132002","volume":"294","author":"Carroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030981","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"5","author":"Brahm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70191-8","article-title":"The polygenic nature of hypertriglyceridaemia: implications for definition, diagnosis, and management","volume":"2","author":"Hegele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070061","article-title":"Clinical practice. Hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"357","author":"Brunzell","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2481","article-title":"Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Hegele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060963","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment","volume":"176","author":"Yuan","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr112","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management","volume":"32","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726","article-title":"Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.299","article-title":"Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women","volume":"298","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.309","article-title":"Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women","volume":"298","author":"Bansal","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.4.1421","article-title":"Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Laakso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1619","article-title":"Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease","volume":"302","author":"Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2480","article-title":"Large-scale association analysis identifies new risk loci for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2795","article-title":"Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"Do","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431","article-title":"Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as causal risk factors for myocardial infarction","volume":"34","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60545-4","article-title":"Triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary disease: collaborative analysis of 101 studies","volume":"375","author":"Triglyceride Coronary Disease Genetics Consortium and Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B17","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferring risk for myocardial infarction [published online December 10, 2014]","author":"Do","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1308027","article-title":"Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease","volume":"371","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307095","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3, triglycerides, and coronary disease","volume":"371","author":"TG and HDL Working Group of the Exome Sequencing Project, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107334","article-title":"Evidence for a common, saturable, triglyceride removal mechanism for chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins in man","volume":"52","author":"Brunzell","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.2.495","article-title":"Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk","volume":"82","author":"Austin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E429","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00178.2011","article-title":"Gut-liver interaction in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"301","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000084","article-title":"Intestinal lipid absorption and lipoprotein formation","volume":"25","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.02.001","article-title":"The degradation of apolipoprotein B100: multiple opportunities to regulate VLDL triglyceride production by different proteolytic pathways","volume":"1821","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000170946.56981.5c","article-title":"New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"96","author":"Lewis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0311066","article-title":"Triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins and the generation of small, dense low-density lipoprotein","volume":"31","author":"Packard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33623","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.049395","article-title":"Lipase maturation factor LMF1, membrane topology and interaction with lipase proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"284","author":"Doolittle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.02.002","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons","volume":"5","author":"Beigneux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.03.013","article-title":"Physiological regulation of lipoprotein lipase","volume":"1841","author":"Kersten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02497.x","article-title":"Kinetic studies to investigate lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"271","author":"Bor\u00e9n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B31","first-page":"31","article-title":"Lipoprotein kinetics in the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiological and therapeutic lessons from stable isotope studies","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.019","article-title":"Regulation of chylomicron production in humans","volume":"1821","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24471","article-title":"Apoa5 Q139X truncation predisposes to late-onset hyperchylomicronemia due to lipoprotein lipase impairment","volume":"115","author":"Mar\u00e7ais","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.238493","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with lipoprotein lipase gene mutations","volume":"32","author":"Ooi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-4-934","article-title":"Fasting hypertriglyceridemia in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an important predictor of postprandial lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities","volume":"72","author":"Lewis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E122","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2477","article-title":"Plasma apolipoprotein B-48 transport in obese men: a new tracer kinetic study in the postprandial state","volume":"99","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000203519.25116.54","article-title":"Apolipoproteins C-III and A-V as predictors of very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0859-x","article-title":"Oral taurine but not N-acetylcysteine ameliorates NEFA-induced impairment in insulin sensitivity and \u03b2 cell function in obese and overweight, non-diabetic men","volume":"51","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00313.2009","article-title":"The effect of high-dose sodium salicylate on chronically elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acid-induced insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell dysfunction in overweight and obese nondiabetic men","volume":"297","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1433","article-title":"Sodium phenylbutyrate, a drug with known capacity to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress, partially alleviates lipid-induced insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell dysfunction in humans","volume":"60","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E736","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00183.2011","article-title":"Short-term oral \u03b1-lipoic acid does not prevent lipid-induced dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in obese and overweight nondiabetic men","volume":"301","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116293","article-title":"Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during alimentary lipemia","volume":"91","author":"Karpe","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600548-JLR200","article-title":"Evidence of increased secretion of apolipoprotein B-48-containing lipoproteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Hogue","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B44","first-page":"685","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: a stable isotope kinetic study","volume":"30","author":"Duvillard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.33339","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in visceral obesity: associations with plasma apolipoprotein C-III concentration","volume":"51","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1457","article-title":"Very low density lipoprotein metabolism and plasma adiponectin as predictors of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in obese and nonobese men","volume":"94","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.186577","article-title":"Chylomicronemia with a mutant GPIHBP1 (Q115P) that cannot bind lipoprotein lipase","volume":"29","author":"Beigneux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500322-JLR200","article-title":"LDL receptor deficiency or apoE mutations prevent remnant clearance and induce hypertriglyceridemia in mice","volume":"47","author":"Kypreos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2002.00945.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance affects the regulation of lipoprotein lipase in the postprandial period and in an adipose tissue-specific manner","volume":"32","author":"Panarotto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.224808","article-title":"Dual metabolic defects are required to produce hypertriglyceridemia in obese subjects","volume":"31","author":"Taskinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.06.011","article-title":"Increased apoC-III production is a characteristic feature of patients with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"177","author":"Cohn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32379-8","article-title":"Plasma kinetics of apoC-III and apoE in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects","volume":"41","author":"Batal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112713","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B metabolism in subjects with deficiency of apolipoproteins CIII and AI. Evidence that apolipoprotein CIII inhibits catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase in vivo","volume":"78","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112332","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity, and correction of hypertriglyceridemia after apolipoprotein C-II administration in two affected patients","volume":"77","author":"Baggio","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2297","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance","volume":"17","author":"Bartelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M004705","article-title":"Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects","volume":"51","author":"Ooi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109422","article-title":"Transport of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides in varying degrees of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"63","author":"Grundy","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13B","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00032-0","article-title":"Atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins","volume":"81","author":"Krauss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340430040026","article-title":"Dual defect in metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides. Patients with type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"251","author":"Kesaniemi","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.028","article-title":"Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hepatic fibrosis caused by mutated GPD1, encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1","volume":"90","author":"Basel-Vanagaite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.3.1.40","article-title":"Overproduction of low density lipoproteins associated with coronary heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Kesaniemi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(81)90064-0","article-title":"Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in man: normolipemic subjects, familial hypertriglyceridemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"30","author":"Kissebah","year":"1981","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B63","first-page":"E354","article-title":"Dissociation of apoprotein B and triglyceride production in very-low-density lipoproteins","volume":"239","author":"Melish","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2772S","article-title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate on triglyceride metabolism in humans","volume":"131","author":"Parks","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37800-7","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in man","volume":"25","author":"Crouse","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.31.3.217","article-title":"Integrated regulation of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and apolipoprotein-B kinetics in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Kissebah","year":"1982","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00941.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of lipid disorders in nephrotic syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Vaziri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300769","article-title":"Novel role of enteral monosaccharides in intestinal lipoprotein production in healthy humans","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739888","article-title":"Both intestinal and hepatic lipoprotein production are stimulated by an acute elevation of plasma free fatty acids in humans","volume":"117","author":"Duez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117633","article-title":"Interaction between free fatty acids and insulin in the acute control of very low density lipoprotein production in humans","volume":"95","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000222015.76038.14","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased production rate of intestinal apolipoprotein B-48-containing lipoproteins in humans","volume":"26","author":"Duez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461","article-title":"Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10426","article-title":"Dynamics of human adipose lipid turnover in health and metabolic disease","volume":"478","author":"Arner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.04.007","article-title":"Increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.875807","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C-III and the metabolic basis for hypertriglyceridemia and the dense low-density lipoprotein phenotype","volume":"121","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032056","article-title":"Rate of production of plasma and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein C-III is strongly related to the concentration and level of production of VLDL triglyceride in male subjects with different body weights and levels of insulin sensitivity","volume":"89","author":"Cohn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.169383","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-associated apolipoprotein C-III production is stimulated by plasma free fatty acids in humans","volume":"28","author":"Pavlic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.197830","article-title":"Metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein C-III and not other small apolipoproteins","volume":"30","author":"Mendivil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M900346-JLR200","article-title":"Expression of apolipoprotein C-III in McA-RH7777 cells enhances VLDL assembly and secretion under lipid-rich conditions","volume":"51","author":"Sundaram","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3282ffaf82","article-title":"Intestinal lipoprotein overproduction in insulin-resistant states","volume":"19","author":"Adeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.242073","article-title":"Absence of acute inhibitory effect of insulin on chylomicron production in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Nogueira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1297","article-title":"Insulin acutely inhibits intestinal lipoprotein secretion in humans in part by suppressing plasma free fatty acids","volume":"59","author":"Pavlic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0935","article-title":"Prandial hypertriglyceridemia in metabolic syndrome is due to an overproduction of both chylomicron and VLDL triacylglycerol","volume":"62","author":"Shojaee-Moradie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3281527914","article-title":"GPIHBP1: an endothelial cell molecule important for the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02516.x","article-title":"Mutations in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1 and LMF1 in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia","volume":"272","author":"Surendran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.111.960674","article-title":"Characterization of three kindreds with familial combined hypolipidemia caused by loss-of-function mutations of ANGPTL3","volume":"5","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.11.020","article-title":"Identification of a novel mutation in the ANGPTL3 gene in two families diagnosed of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia without APOB mutation","volume":"413","author":"Mart\u00edn-Campos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-013-9665-4","article-title":"Abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia: a framework for diagnosis and management","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797","article-title":"Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels","volume":"45","author":"Global Lipids Genetics Consortium","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R009720","article-title":"Genetic determinants of plasma triglycerides","volume":"52","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.226365","article-title":"An increased burden of common and rare lipid-associated risk alleles contributes to the phenotypic spectrum of hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"31","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.10.007","article-title":"Allelic and phenotypic spectrum of plasma triglycerides","volume":"1821","author":"Johansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-012-0243-2","article-title":"The complex genetic basis of plasma triglycerides","volume":"14","author":"Johansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1254","article-title":"Achievement of American Diabetes Association clinical practice recommendations among U.S. adults with diabetes, 1999\u20132002: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"29","author":"Resnick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2004.10.003","article-title":"Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances","volume":"15","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.05.001","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I, B-100, and B-48 metabolism in subjects with chronic kidney disease, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Batista","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283606845","article-title":"Alcohol and plasma triglycerides","volume":"24","author":"Klop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c6077","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c6077","article-title":"Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME)","volume":"341","author":"Ruidavets","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.5.928","article-title":"De novo lipogenesis, lipid kinetics, and whole-body lipid balances in humans after acute alcohol consumption","volume":"70","author":"Siler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq088","article-title":"Severe hypertriglyceridemia influenced by alcohol (SHIBA)","volume":"46","author":"Bessembinders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000242614","article-title":"Lipoprotein metabolism in pregnancy, fat transport to the fetus, and the effects of diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Knopp","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(02)00283-7","article-title":"Successful pregnancy outcome in a patient with severe chylomicronemia due to compound heterozygosity for mutant lipoprotein lipase","volume":"35","author":"Al-Shali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1250","article-title":"Severe hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Goldberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107332","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. II. Genetic analysis of lipid levels in 176 families and delineation of a new inherited disorder, combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"52","author":"Goldstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91598-5","article-title":"Family study of serum lipids and lipoproteins in coronary heart-disease","volume":"1","author":"Nikkil\u00e4","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90218-0","article-title":"Inheritance of combined hyperlipoproteinemia: evidence for a new lipoprotein phenotype","volume":"54","author":"Rose","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.15","article-title":"The genetics of familial combined hyperlipidaemia","volume":"8","author":"Brouwers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041121312219100_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R149","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh069","article-title":"Genetics of familial combined hyperlipidemia and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Shoulders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/36\/1\/131\/11056342\/edrv0131.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T21:38:23Z","timestamp":1650922703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/36\/1\/131\/2354720"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2014-1062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}}}