{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:39:27Z","timestamp":1792179567805,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1099173 and APP1062073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1099173 and APP1062073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone\u2013binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body\u2019s metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T14:04:57Z","timestamp":1543586697000},"page":"417-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathis","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Wierman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"},{"name":"Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Handelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.002","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a nexus of metabolic and hepatic diseases","volume":"27","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02040.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in end-stage non-alcoholic liver disease before and after liver transplantation","volume":"43","author":"Handelsman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B3","first-page":"32","article-title":"Pituitary function test and endocrine status in patient with cirrhosis of the liver before and after hepatic transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Seehofer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13158","article-title":"Effects of liver transplantation on endocrine function: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Gariani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1041758","article-title":"Estrogen and androgen receptors in liver: their role in liver disease and regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Eagon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060320","article-title":"Androgen and estrogen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and in the surrounding noncancerous liver tissue","volume":"6","author":"Ohnishi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-1-349","article-title":"Androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the rat liver: changes in mRNA levels during maturation, aging, and calorie restriction","volume":"128","author":"Song","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(90)90495-7","article-title":"Changes in hepatic androgen sensitivity and gene expression during aging","volume":"37","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-29-6-837","article-title":"Effects of testosteronereatment on plasma proteins and amino acids in men","volume":"29","author":"Dickinson","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00364.x","article-title":"Androgen replacement with oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men: a double blind controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-1-4","article-title":"Androgens: risks and benefits","volume":"73","author":"Bardin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(83)90400-4","article-title":"Hepatic nuclear estrogen receptor concentrations in the rat\u2014influence of age, sex, gestation, lactation and estrous cycle","volume":"19","author":"Lax","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"2020071622042019900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(87)90197-X","article-title":"Estrogen receptors and androgen receptors in the mammalian liver","volume":"27","author":"Eisenfeld","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5479","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells contain the functional estrogen receptor \u03b2 but not the estrogen receptor \u03b1 in male and female rats","volume":"286","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/nm809","article-title":"In vivo imaging of transcriptionally active estrogen receptors","volume":"9","author":"Ciana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gas059","article-title":"Steroidogenic enzyme expression in the human fetal liver and potential role in the endocrinology of pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.08.016","article-title":"Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited","volume":"465","author":"Schiffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90010-G","article-title":"Effect of age and gender on the activity of human hepatic CYP3A","volume":"44","author":"Hunt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840380424","article-title":"Sex is a major determinant of CYP3A4 expression in human liver","volume":"38","author":"Wolbold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(85)90280-8","article-title":"Direct effect of sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) of plasma on the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in the rhesus macaque","volume":"22","author":"P\u00e9tra","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-28-8-1105","article-title":"Further study of factors affecting the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in man","volume":"28","author":"Southren","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020071622042019900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(93)90057-K","article-title":"P450 enzymes of estrogen metabolism","volume":"57","author":"Martucci","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"27","key":"2020071622042019900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024234","article-title":"Estrogen metabolism by conjugation","volume":"2000","author":"Raftogianis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)11248-0","article-title":"Hypophysectomy differentially alters P-450 protein levels and enzyme activities in rat liver: pituitary control of hepatic NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase","volume":"35","author":"Waxman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-3-447","article-title":"Pituitary regulation of the male-specific steroid 6\u03b2-hydroxylase P-450 2a (gene product IIIA2) in adult rat liver. Suppressive influence of growth hormone and thyroxine acting at a pretranslational leve","volume":"4","author":"Waxman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-105-2-555","article-title":"Age- and sex-related differences in episodic growth hormone secretion in the rat","volume":"105","author":"Ed\u00e9n","year":"1979","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-3-562","article-title":"Evidence for an endogenous ultradian rhythm governing growth hormone secretion in the rat","volume":"98","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1310395","article-title":"Sex differences in the ultradian pattern of plasma growth hormone concentrations in mice","volume":"131","author":"MacLeod","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-6-2-128","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the control of growth hormone secretion","volume":"6","author":"Jansson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-51","article-title":"Effects of sex and age on the 24-hour profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations","volume":"64","author":"Ho","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6291","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0644","article-title":"Contributions of gender and systemic estradiol and testosterone concentrations to maximal secretagogue drive of burst-like growth hormone secretion in healthy middle-aged and older adults","volume":"89","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2020071622042019900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000438904","article-title":"Growth hormone dynamics in healthy adults are related to age and sex and strongly dependent on body mass index","volume":"103","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000405","article-title":"Hepatic actions of androgens in the regulation of metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Birzniece","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187103","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/187103","article-title":"Sex differences in drug disposition","volume":"2011","author":"Soldin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.056705","article-title":"Sex differences in the expression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes","volume":"76","author":"Waxman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5217506","article-title":"Tissue-specific expression and regulation of sexually dimorphic genes in mice","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23506","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023506","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of human liver identifies sex-biased genes associated with polygenic dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020071622042019900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600570057","article-title":"Sex and the liver\u2014a journey through five decades","volume":"38","author":"Mode","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(74)90017-0","article-title":"The regulation of egg yolk protein synthesis by steroid hormones","volume":"28","author":"Clemens","year":"1974","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.02.009","article-title":"The ratio of macronutrients, not caloric intake, dictates cardiometabolic health, aging, and longevity in ad libitum-fed mice","volume":"19","author":"Solon-Biet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.005","article-title":"The nutritional geometry of liver disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"68","author":"Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.01.002","article-title":"Amino acid-dependent activation of liver estrogen receptor alpha integrates metabolic and reproductive functions via IGF-1","volume":"13","author":"Della Torre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.01.006","article-title":"Sex differences: a resultant of an evolutionary pressure","volume":"25","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071622042019900_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1716","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1166","article-title":"Sex differences in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"98","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(85)80066-9","article-title":"Male gonadal dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Handelsman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70043-8","article-title":"Reproductive effects of nontesticular illness","volume":"27","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.9.5404","article-title":"Androgen receptor-mediated antagonism of estrogen-dependent low density lipoprotein receptor transcription in cultured hepatocytes","volume":"138","author":"Croston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0518","article-title":"Sex difference in hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression is determined by the growth hormone secretory pattern in the rat","volume":"144","author":"Am\u00e9en","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120510","article-title":"Hormonal and enzymatic parameters of hepatic regeneration in patients undergoing major liver resections","volume":"12","author":"Francavilla","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(86)80026-9","article-title":"Sex hormone-related functions in regenerating male rat liver","volume":"91","author":"Francavilla","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24051","article-title":"Activation of PKR\/eIF2\u03b1 signaling cascade is associated with dihydrotestosterone-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver cells","volume":"113","author":"Dai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.12.023","article-title":"Sex differences in nuclear receptor-regulated liver metabolic pathways","volume":"1812","author":"Rando","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"21","key":"2020071622042019900_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.5.395","article-title":"The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization","volume":"31","author":"Anthony","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B57","author":"Singh"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.019","article-title":"Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Argo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2020071622042019900_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Rinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13299","article-title":"The epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Bellentani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B61","author":"White"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28368","article-title":"Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"63","author":"Piscaglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.061","article-title":"Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States","volume":"141","author":"Charlton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"14","key":"2020071622042019900_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"363","author":"Targher","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.06.006","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Lallukka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.80","article-title":"Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"36","key":"2020071622042019900_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904944106","article-title":"Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"106","author":"Fabbrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1648","article-title":"Testosterone replacement ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in castrated male rats","volume":"155","author":"Nikolaenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B70"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.12.007","article-title":"Testosterone deficiency induces markedly decreased serum triglycerides, increased small dense LDL, and hepatic steatosis mediated by dysregulation of lipid assembly and secretion in mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"62","author":"Senmaru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1717","article-title":"Insulin and leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia in mice lacking androgen receptor","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.4.1000","article-title":"Androgen receptor null male mice develop late-onset obesity caused by decreased energy expenditure and lipolytic activity but show normal insulin sensitivity with high adiponectin secretion","volume":"54","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E767","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00584.2010","article-title":"Increased adiposity in DNA binding-dependent androgen receptor knockout male mice associated with decreased voluntary activity and not insulin resistance","volume":"301","author":"Rana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22252","article-title":"Increased hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice lacking hepatic androgen receptor","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1\u20135","key":"2020071622042019900_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00136-4","article-title":"Aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mice accumulate excess adipose tissue","volume":"79","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1369","article-title":"Estrogen replacement reverses the hepatic steatosis phenotype in the male aromatase knockout mouse","volume":"145","author":"Hewitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9575","article-title":"Altered expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in aromatase-deficient mice","volume":"105","author":"Nemoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87230","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087230","article-title":"Hepatic glucose intolerance precedes hepatic steatosis in the male aromatase knockout (ArKO) mouse","volume":"9","author":"Van Sinderen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1450","article-title":"Aromatase deficiency inhibits the permeability transition in mouse liver mitochondria","volume":"151","author":"Moro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-10-0462","article-title":"A selective estrogen receptor \u03b1 agonist ameliorates hepatic steatosis in the male aromatase knockout mouse","volume":"210","author":"Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020071622042019900_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.23.12729","article-title":"Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice","volume":"97","author":"Heine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400448-JLR200","article-title":"Hypolipidemic action of the SERM acolbifene is associated with decreased liver MTP and increased SR-BI and LDL receptors","volume":"46","author":"Lemieux","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0105-3","article-title":"Evidence that oestrogen receptor-\u03b1 plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in mice: insulin sensitivity in the liver","volume":"49","author":"Bryzgalova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057458","article-title":"Estrogen signalling and the metabolic syndrome: targeting the hepatic estrogen receptor alpha action","volume":"8","author":"Matic","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00579.2013","article-title":"Estrogen signaling prevents diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male mice with obesity","volume":"306","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01937-4","article-title":"Hepatic estrogen receptor \u03b1 is critical for regulation of gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in males","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09452.x","article-title":"The effects of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in male rats","volume":"146","author":"Holm\u00e4ng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.8.1754","article-title":"Effect of caponization and testosterone implantation on hepatic lipids and lipogenic enzymes in male chickens","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1283-0","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of hepatic responses to testosterone deficiency in miniature pigs fed a high-cholesterol diet","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00942","article-title":"Male hypogonadism causes obesity associated with impairment of hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice","volume":"39","author":"Aoki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-11-106","article-title":"Castration-induced testosterone deficiency increases fasting glucose associated with hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance in adult male rats","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400076","article-title":"Testosterone suppresses hepatic inflammation by the downregulation of IL-17, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10 in a mouse model of experimental acute cholangitis","volume":"194","author":"Schwinge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4536","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1592","article-title":"Loss of 5\u03b1-reductase type 1 accelerates the development of hepatic steatosis but protects against hepatocellular carcinoma in male mice","volume":"154","author":"Dowman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0249","article-title":"5\u03b1-Reductase type 1 deficiency or inhibition predisposes to insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis in rodents","volume":"64","author":"Livingstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2009.00512.x","article-title":"Effects of estrogen and androgen deprivation on the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in male Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"39","author":"Mu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02774-2","article-title":"Late onset of obesity in male androgen receptor-deficient (AR KO) mice","volume":"300","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03942.x","article-title":"Increase in visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"74","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3949","article-title":"A gender-related defect in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-deficient mice","volume":"102","author":"Djouadi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(01)00145-0","article-title":"Aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mice are retrieved from severe hepatic steatosis by peroxisome proliferator administration","volume":"22","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.02.036","article-title":"Sex- and age-dependent effects of Gpr30 genetic deletion on the metabolic and cardiovascular profiles of diet-induced obese mice","volume":"540","author":"Meoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B102","first-page":"3979","article-title":"Monosaccharide-induced lipogenesis regulates the human hepatic sex hormone-binding globulin gene","volume":"117","author":"Selva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B103","first-page":"545","article-title":"Sex hormone-binding globulin reduction in metabolic disorders may play a role in NAFLD development","volume":"158","author":"Saez-Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1196","article-title":"Characterization of reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome in female hyperandrogenic mouse models","volume":"155","author":"Caldwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0471","article-title":"Prenatal hyperandrogenism induces alterations that affect liver lipid metabolism","volume":"230","author":"Abruzzese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1553","article-title":"Low-dose dihydrotestosterone drives metabolic dysfunction via cytosolic and nuclear hepatic androgen receptor mechanisms","volume":"158","author":"Andrisse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"43","key":"2020071622042019900_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35983","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507339200","article-title":"Estrogen regulation of adiposity and fuel partitioning. Evidence of genomic and non-genomic regulation of lipogenic and oxidative pathways","volume":"280","author":"D\u2019Eon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1031","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00211.2011","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet","volume":"301","author":"Kamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.025","article-title":"17\u03b2-Estradiol attenuates saturated fatty acid diet-induced liver injury in ovariectomized mice by up-regulating hepatic senescence marker protein-30","volume":"415","author":"Fukui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1718","article-title":"Estrogen treatment after ovariectomy protects against fatty liver and may improve pathway-selective insulin resistance","volume":"62","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E304","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00504.2009","article-title":"Impaired oxidative metabolism and inflammation are associated with insulin resistance in ER\u03b1-deficient mice","volume":"298","author":"Ribas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.50","article-title":"Hormone signaling and fatty liver in females: analysis of estrogen receptor \u03b1 mutant mice","volume":"41","author":"Hart-Unger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.019","article-title":"An essential role for liver ER\u03b1 in coupling hepatic metabolism to the reproductive cycle","volume":"15","author":"Della Torre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.029","article-title":"Hepatic estrogen receptor \u03b1 improves hepatosteatosis through upregulation of small heterodimer partner","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.037","article-title":"Upregulation of miR-125b by estrogen protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver in female mice","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024877","article-title":"The in utero programming effect of increased maternal androgens and a direct fetal intervention on liver and metabolic function in adult sheep","volume":"6","author":"Hogg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.136283","article-title":"Developmental programming: prenatal testosterone excess and insulin signaling disruptions in female sheep","volume":"94","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"17","key":"2020071622042019900_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6508","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.17.6508-6517.2000","article-title":"Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is necessary for the integration of hepatic energy metabolism","volume":"20","author":"She","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1281","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00074.2008","article-title":"Gene expression in human NAFLD","volume":"294","author":"Greco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.120063","article-title":"High-fat diet induces significant metabolic disorders in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071622042019900_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1422041112","article-title":"Macronutrient balance, reproductive function, and lifespan in aging mice","volume":"112","author":"Solon-Biet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065698","article-title":"Leprdb\/db mice with senescence marker protein-30 knockout (Leprdb\/dbSmp30Y\/\u2212) exhibit increases in small dense-LDL and severe fatty liver despite being fed a standard diet","volume":"8","author":"Kondo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0121","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of estrogen receptor \u03b1-binding sites in mouse liver","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"29","key":"2020071622042019900_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11806","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205797109","article-title":"Tetradian oscillation of estrogen receptor \u03b1 is necessary to prevent liver lipid deposition","volume":"109","author":"Villa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5144","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0660","article-title":"Estrogenic activities in rodent estrogen-free diets","volume":"146","author":"Ciana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"276","key":"2020071622042019900_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra36","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004013","article-title":"Estrogen reduces lipid content in the liver exclusively from membrane receptor signaling","volume":"6","author":"Pedram","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41702","article-title":"Genetic rescue of nonclassical ER\u03b1 signaling normalizes energy balance in obese Er\u03b1-null mutant mice","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy030","article-title":"Small heterodimer partner deficiency increases inflammatory liver injury through C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2-driven neutrophil recruitment in mice","volume":"163","author":"Noh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.12.012","article-title":"Hepatocyte estrogen receptor alpha mediates estrogen action to promote reverse cholesterol transport during Western-type diet feeding","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E124","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00189.2009","article-title":"Participation of ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2 in glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue","volume":"297","author":"Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000108","article-title":"Metabolic actions of estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) are mediated by a negative cross-talk with PPAR\u03b1","volume":"4","author":"Foryst-Ludwig","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00953.x","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis is associated with low serum testosterone and high serum DHEAS levels in men","volume":"33","author":"V\u00f6lzke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0009.8593","article-title":"Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Jaruvongvanich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071622042019900_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13735","article-title":"Serum testosterone and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men and women in the US","volume":"38","author":"Yim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.135","article-title":"Liver disease in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"200","author":"Gild","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B136","author":"Lazo"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2621","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002621","article-title":"Combined association of vitamin D and sex hormone binding globulin with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in men and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071622042019900_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12935","article-title":"Prediction of prevalent but not incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by levels of serum testosterone","volume":"30","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-69","article-title":"A low level of serum total testosterone is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12433","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical correlates of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Herrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000408","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alteration in semen quality and reproductive hormones","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.181967","article-title":"Evaluation of basal serum adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels and their relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00171","article-title":"Free testosterone: pumping up the tires or ending the free ride","volume":"38","author":"Handelsman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0179","article-title":"Relationships of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin with metabolic traits in humans","volume":"59","author":"Peter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202774","article-title":"Improvement of the metabolic syndrome and of non-alcoholic liver steatosis upon treatment of hypogonadal elderly men with parenteral testosterone undecanoate","volume":"118","author":"Haider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0525","article-title":"Body compositional and cardiometabolic effects of testosterone therapy in obese men with severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"167","author":"Hoyos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls259","article-title":"Effect of testosterone administration on liver fat in older men with mobility limitation: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02346.x","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroids: a possible new risk factor of toxicant-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Schwingel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195201312460504","article-title":"Jaundice of hepatic origin during the course of methyl-testosterone therapy","volume":"246","author":"Brick","year":"1952","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071622042019900_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13122","article-title":"High circulating oestrone and low testosterone correlate with adverse clinical outcomes in men with advanced liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00978.x","article-title":"Oestradiol is a protective factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy men","volume":"13","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0477","article-title":"Recognizing rare disorders: aromatase deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030313","article-title":"Dysmetabolic syndrome in a man with a novel mutation of the aromatase gene: effects of testosterone, alendronate, and estradiol treatment","volume":"89","author":"Maffei","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4146","article-title":"Aromatase inhibition reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men","volume":"101","author":"Gibb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12368","article-title":"Testosterone with dutasteride, but not anastrazole, improves insulin sensitivity in young obese men: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Juang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"2020071622042019900_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311604","article-title":"Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man","volume":"331","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.44","article-title":"Testosterone levels in pre-menopausal women are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in midlife","volume":"112","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0708-9","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002542","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002542","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen excess, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women: a longitudinal study based on a United Kingdom primary care database","volume":"15","author":"Kumarendran","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15232-9","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an influencing factor for the association of SHBG with metabolic syndrome in diabetes patients","volume":"7","author":"Hua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20077","article-title":"Liver fat and SHBG affect insulin resistance in midlife women: the Study of Women\u2019s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)","volume":"21","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1382","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenism is characterized by an increased risk of hepatic steatosis compared to nonhyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes and healthy controls, independent of obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"97","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2523","article-title":"Testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio as a new biomarker for an adverse metabolic phenotype in the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"100","author":"M\u00fcnzker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33573","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"122","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071622042019900_B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0715-8","article-title":"Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with reduced odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in menstruating women: results from NHANES III","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2020071622042019900_B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.04086.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean adults","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31616-3","article-title":"Prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal, posmenopausal and polycystic ovary syndrome women. The role of estrogens","volume":"9","author":"Gutierrez-Grobe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03166.x","article-title":"Elevated liver enzymes in Turner syndrome during a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"68","author":"El-Mansoury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01321.x","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy may improve hepatic function in women with Turner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20026","article-title":"Vascular involvement of the liver in Turner\u2019s syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Roulot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00237-0","article-title":"Morbidity in Turner syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Gravholt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1939","article-title":"Excess visceral and hepatic adipose tissue in Turner syndrome determined by magnetic resonance imaging: estrogen deficiency associated with hepatic adipose content","volume":"90","author":"Ostberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071622042019900_B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050758","article-title":"Short-term oestrogen replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, lipids and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women with NIDDM","volume":"40","author":"Brussaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B174","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Effects of low doses of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on carbohydrate metabolism in postmenopausal women","volume":"74","author":"Cagnacci","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02543.x","article-title":"Effects of HRT on liver enzyme levels in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"McKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R165","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0283","article-title":"Androgen receptor roles in hepatocellular carcinoma, fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21845","article-title":"Transplanted endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis in rats","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26135","article-title":"Targeting androgen receptor in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells leads to better transplantation therapy efficacy in liver cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270211","article-title":"Hepatitis B injury, male gender, aflatoxin, and p53 expression each contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice","volume":"27","author":"Ghebranious","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071622042019900_B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.04.014","article-title":"IKK\u03b2 couples hepatocyte death to cytokine-driven compensatory proliferation that promotes chemical hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Maeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01089.x","article-title":"Sex hormone dependency of diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumors in mice and chemoprevention by leuprorelin","volume":"92","author":"Nakatani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B182","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Modifying role of partial hepatectomy and gonadectomy in ethylnitrosourea-induced hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Vesselinovitch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338701500216","article-title":"Certain aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis in the infant mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Vesselinovitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2000.020003228.x","article-title":"Androgen dependency of hepatocarcinogenesis in TGFalpha transgenic mice","volume":"20","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"2020071622042019900_B185","author":"Ma"},{"issue":"32","key":"2020071622042019900_B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32ra35","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001143","article-title":"Androgen receptor promotes hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis through modulation of hepatitis B virus RNA transcription","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20638","article-title":"Direct activation of TGF-\u03b21 transcription by androgen and androgen receptor complex in Huh7 human hepatoma cells and its tumor in nude mice","volume":"97","author":"Yoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80282-7","article-title":"Effect of androgens and their manipulation on cell growth and androgen receptor (AR) levels in AR-positive and -negative human hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25644","article-title":"Hepatic androgen receptor suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through modulation of cell migration and anoikis","volume":"56","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290307","article-title":"Suppressive effects of estradiol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced fibrosis of the liver in rats","volume":"29","author":"Yasuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.127","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of oestradiol on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in vivo and in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Shimizu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.053728","article-title":"Opposing effects of oestradiol and progesterone on intracellular pathways and activation processes in the oxidative stress induced activation of cultured rat hepatic stellate cells","volume":"54","author":"Itagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"18","key":"2020071622042019900_B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.314922","article-title":"Protective role of estrogen-induced miRNA-29 expression in carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver injury","volume":"287","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071622042019900_B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.08.004","article-title":"Antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of idoxifene and estradiol in hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"74","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"5834","key":"2020071622042019900_B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140485","article-title":"Gender disparity in liver cancer due to sex differences in MyD88-dependent IL-6 production","volume":"317","author":"Naugler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"48","key":"2020071622042019900_B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40140","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.348763","article-title":"Estrogen represses hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth via inhibiting alternative activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)","volume":"287","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9299-3","article-title":"Estrogen suppresses metastasis in rat hepatocellular carcinoma through decreasing interleukin-6 and hepatocyte growth factor expression","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","article-title":"Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27097","article-title":"The influence of menopause on the development of hepatic fibrosis in nonobese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Yoneda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20107","article-title":"Global cancer statistics","volume":"61","author":"Jemal","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020071622042019900_B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28912","article-title":"Impact of sex on the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis","volume":"120","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24618","article-title":"Higher serum testosterone is associated with increased risk of advanced hepatitis C-related liver disease in males","volume":"55","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910630405","article-title":"A cohort study of serum testosterone and hepatocellular carcinoma in Shanghai, China","volume":"63","author":"Yuan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28342","article-title":"Prediagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-I and hepatocellular carcinoma: etiological factors or risk markers","volume":"134","author":"Lukanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.03932","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use [published corrections appear in Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(10):764 and Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(13):e5]","volume":"42","author":"Gorayski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7790","key":"2020071622042019900_B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92649-9","article-title":"Association of androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy with development of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820435","article-title":"Androgen and oestrogen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver parenchyma: impact on intrahepatic recurrence after hepatic resection","volume":"82","author":"Nagasue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80217-7","article-title":"Androgen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver: relationship with tumor size and recurrence rate after surgical resection","volume":"22","author":"Boix","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071622042019900_B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29715","article-title":"Significance and mechanism of androgen receptor overexpression and androgen receptor\/mechanistic target of rapamycin cross-talk in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Bhasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071622042019900_B211","first-page":"660","article-title":"No effect of long-term oral testosterone treatment on liver morphology in men with alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"82","author":"Gluud","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.06.007","article-title":"Testosterone therapy increases muscle mass in men with cirrhosis and low testosterone: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28514","article-title":"A longer duration of estrogen deficiency increases fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Klair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6532","key":"2020071622042019900_B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6532.1355","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"292","author":"Neuberger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071622042019900_B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051911","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer among young women","volume":"3","author":"Hsing","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.015","article-title":"Oral contraception and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071622042019900_B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.036","article-title":"Estrogen replacement reduces risk and increases survival times of women with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Hassan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M028969","article-title":"Differential effects of estrogen\/androgen on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the male rat","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0516","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia without obesity in male mice lacking androgen receptor in adipose tissue","volume":"149","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071622042019900_B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1136","article-title":"Deletion of the androgen receptor in adipose tissue in male mice elevates retinol binding protein 4 and reveals independent effects on visceral fat mass and on glucose homeostasis","volume":"61","author":"McInnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071622042019900_B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1509","article-title":"Androgen signaling in myocytes contributes to the maintenance of muscle mass and fiber type regulation but not to muscle strength or fatigue","volume":"150","author":"Ophoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0135","article-title":"Neuronal androgen receptor regulates insulin sensitivity via suppression of hypothalamic NF-\u03baB\u2013mediated PTP1B expression","volume":"62","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2013.12.009","article-title":"Tissue-selective estrogen complexes with bazedoxifene prevent metabolic dysfunction in female mice","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071622042019900_B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E203","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00076.2017","article-title":"Hepatic FGF21 mediates sex differences in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced fatty liver","volume":"313","author":"Chukijrungroat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071622042019900_B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3580","article-title":"A perspective on middle-aged and older men with functional hypogonadism: focus on holistic management","volume":"102","author":"Grossmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071622042019900_B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.009670","article-title":"Potential impact of steatosis on cytochrome P450 enzymes of human hepatocytes isolated from fatty liver grafts","volume":"34","author":"Donato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12786","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12786","article-title":"Male lifespan extension with 17-\u03b1 estradiol is linked to a sex-specific metabolomic response modulated by gonadal hormones in mice","volume":"17","author":"Garratt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071622042019900_B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00423","article-title":"Sex differences in the methylome and transcriptome of the human liver and circulating HDL-cholesterol levels","volume":"103","author":"Garc\u00eda-Calz\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071622042019900_B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00246","article-title":"Sex and Gender Differences Research Design for Basic, Clinical, and Population Studies: Essentials for Investigators","volume":"39","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/40\/2\/417\/28022371\/er.2018-00158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/40\/2\/417\/28022371\/er.2018-00158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:46:39Z","timestamp":1775288799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/40\/2\/417\/5214058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"references-count":229,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2018-00158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]}}}