{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T09:49:08Z","timestamp":1656064148229},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Treatment for HIV-1 infection is often complicated by a lipodystrophy syndrome associated with insulin resistance and an elevated rate of lipolysis. In eight HIV-1 infected men with lipodystrophy syndrome, we studied the effects of replacement of protease inhibitor (PI) by abacavir on insulin sensitivity and lipolysis by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and on fat distribution assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scan.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Glucose metabolism and lipolysis were assessed by tracer dilution employing [6,6-2H2]glucose and [2H5]glycerol, respectively. Data are expressed as mean \u00b1 sd or 95% confidence interval (CI), as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>There were no significant changes in fat distribution assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scan at wk 36 and wk 96. The fasting total glucose production decreased from 16.1 \u00b1 2.5 at study entry by 1.1 (range, \u22122.1 to \u22120.1) to 15.0 \u00b1 1.5 \u03bcmol\/kg\u00b7min after PI withdrawal at wk 36 (n = 8). In an analysis restricted to the patients on treatment at wk 96 (n = 6), the decrease was 0.9 (range, \u22122.1 to 0.3) \u03bcmol\/kg\u00b7min. During insulin infusion, glucose oxidation (as percent of total glucose disposal) increased from 36.8 \u00b1 12.7% by 11.0% (range, 1.3\u201320.8) to 47.9 \u00b1 13.9% in the wk 36 analysis. In the analysis restricted to the patients on treatment at wk 96 (n = 6) the increase was 7.7 (\u22124.0 to 19.4)%. Fasting lipolysis decreased from 2.7 \u00b1 0.6 \u03bcmol\/kg\u00b7min by 0.9 (\u22121.6 to \u22120.2) to 1.8 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcmol\/kg\u00b7min in the wk-96 analysis (n = 6).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The replacement of the studied PIs by abacavir in severe lipodystrophic HIV-1-infected patients results in a marked reduction of lipolysis. In contrast, fasting glucose production and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation improve moderately, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and fat distribution do not change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,7]],"date-time":"2004-07-07T17:44:07Z","timestamp":1089222247000},"page":"3554-3560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Markedly Diminished Lipolysis and Partial Restoration of Glucose Metabolism, without Changes in Fat Distribution after Extended Discontinuation of Protease Inhibitors in Severe Lipodystrophic Human Immunodeficient Virus-1-Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center (M.v.d.V., J.M.A.L.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Allick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.A., H.P.S.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit Jan","family":"Weverling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.J.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Romijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology (J.A.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariette T.","family":"Ackermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.T.A., E.E.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joep M. A.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center (M.v.d.V., J.M.A.L.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radiochemistry, Departments of Infectious Diseases (J.M.A.L., P.R.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berthe L. F.","family":"van Eck-Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Nuclear Medicine (B.L.F.v.E.-S.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"van Kuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology (C.v.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Endert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry (M.T.A., E.E.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans P.","family":"Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism (G.A., H.P.S.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radiochemistry, Departments of Infectious Diseases (J.M.A.L., P.R.), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071617481168700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003","article-title":"A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F25","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200002180-00001","article-title":"A syndrome of lipoatrophy, lactic acidaemia and liver dysfunction associated with HIV nucleoside analogue therapy: contribution to protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R3","first-page":"847","article-title":"Increased risk of lipodystrophy when including NRTI\u2019s in the treatment of HIV-1 infection with PI\u2019s: results from a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"15","author":"Valk","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04056-3","article-title":"Risk of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"357","author":"Martinez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200211010-00001","article-title":"Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel.","volume":"31","author":"Schambelan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200007070-00002","article-title":"Contribution of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors to subcutaneous fat wasting in patients with HIV infection.","volume":"14","author":"Mallal","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199909100-00009","article-title":"A syndrome of peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy) in patients receiving long-term nucleoside analogue therapy.","volume":"13","author":"Saint-Marc","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101260-00013","article-title":"Lipodystrophy-associated morphological, cholesterol and triglyceride abnormalities in a population-based HIV\/AIDS treatment database.","volume":"15","author":"Heath","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199903110-00004","article-title":"Redistribution of body fat in HIV-infected women undergoing combined antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"13","author":"Gervasoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00309-X","article-title":"Lipoatrophy revisited.","volume":"11","author":"Reitman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7901","article-title":"Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice.","volume":"105","author":"Gavrilova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111090-00004","article-title":"Lipodystrophy in HIV-1 positive subjects is associated with insulin resistance in multiple metabolic pathways.","volume":"15","author":"Valk","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215626","article-title":"Impaired glucose phosphorylation and transport in skeletal muscle cause insulin resistance in HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy.","volume":"110","author":"Behrens","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5066","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020892","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophy has minor effects on human immunodeficiency virus-induced changes in lipolysis, but normalizes resting energy expenditure.","volume":"87","author":"Valk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.3.633","article-title":"Lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"66","author":"Heijligenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90059-6","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men.","volume":"40","author":"Hommes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200203290-00002","article-title":"Indinavir acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Noor","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00006","article-title":"Effect of ritonavir on lipids and post-heparin lipase activities in normal subjects.","volume":"14","author":"Purnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200204120-00005","article-title":"Indinavir inhibits the glucose transporter isoform Glut4 at physiologic concentrations.","volume":"16","author":"Murata","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20251","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000228200","article-title":"The mechanism of insulin resistance caused by HIV protease inhibitor therapy.","volume":"275","author":"Murata","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R21","first-page":"413","article-title":"Improvement of HAART-associated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia after replacement of protease inhibitors with abacavir.","volume":"6","author":"Walli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1086\/317426","article-title":"Impact of switching from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors to efavirenz in successfully treated adults with lipodystrophy.","volume":"31","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00010","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitor substitution in patients with lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicentre study.","volume":"15","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.34704","article-title":"Increased rates of lipolysis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"51","author":"Hadigan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.","volume":"20","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R26","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Use of a variable tracer infusion method to determine glucose turnover in humans","volume":"258","author":"Molina","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R27","first-page":"E531","article-title":"Hepatic glucose output in humans measured with labeled glucose to reduce negative errors","volume":"257","author":"Levy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.2.628","article-title":"Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange.","volume":"55","author":"Frayn","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0800359","article-title":"Basal fuel homoeostasis in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"80","author":"Hommes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Colch)"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200105040-00001","article-title":"Metabolic effects of indinavir in healthy HIV-seronegative men","volume":"15","author":"Noor","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00777.x","article-title":"Syndrome of body fat redistribution in HIV-1-infected patients: relationships to cortisol and catecholamines.","volume":"51","author":"Renard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.7.947","article-title":"Insulin action and age. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR).","volume":"45","author":"Ferrannini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90296-M","article-title":"Role of impaired intracellular glucose metabolism in the insulin resistance of aging.","volume":"41","author":"Gumbiner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020071617481168700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1086\/340312","article-title":"A randomized trial of simplified maintenance therapy with abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"185","author":"Opravil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/89\/7\/3554\/10744890\/jcem3554.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/89\/7\/3554\/10744890\/jcem3554.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T03:39:33Z","timestamp":1594957173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/89\/7\/3554\/2844631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2003-030985","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}}}