{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:38:14Z","timestamp":1789771094037,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes and ovarian senescence are associated with impaired endothelial function and altered arterial mechanical properties. Alterations in normal vascular structure and functioning are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity with type 2 diabetes. Similarly, after menopause, women experience an increase in the rate of cardiovascular disease. Thiazolidinediones have exhibited a number of antiatherogenic actions in populations with type 2 diabetes. The effect of thiazolidinediones in combination with hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women is, however, unknown. To assess whether HT (transdermal estradiol 50 \u03bcg and micronized progesterone (100 mg\/d) affects vascular function, 21 women receiving rosiglitazone were randomly assigned to receive HT or placebo for 12 wk in a double-blind crossover design. Measures of glycemic control, lipids, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation, and distensibility index were undertaken at baseline and after each treatment. As a result, flow-mediated dilation was significantly reduced (15.3 \u00b1 3.8 to 6.6 \u00b1 1.6%, P = 0.02) with HT, whereas lipids, blood pressure, and distensibility index were unchanged. Placebo had no significant affect on any variables. Thus, the addition of HT to rosiglitazone treatment attenuates endothelial function without altering other cardiovascular risk factors. Caution should, therefore, be exercised when considering combined treatment with thiazolidinedione and HT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,8]],"date-time":"2004-09-08T03:32:28Z","timestamp":1094614348000},"page":"4615-4619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hormone Therapy Impairs Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Rosiglitazone"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Suzy Y.","family":"Honisett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences (S.Y.H., L.S.), Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia"},{"name":"Baker Heart Research Institute (S.Y.H., K.S., B.A.K., T.D., P.A.K.), St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Stojanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences (S.Y.H., L.S.), Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnankutty","family":"Sudhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart Research Institute (S.Y.H., K.S., B.A.K., T.D., P.A.K.), St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn A.","family":"Kingwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart Research Institute (S.Y.H., K.S., B.A.K., T.D., P.A.K.), St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tye","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart Research Institute (S.Y.H., K.S., B.A.K., T.D., P.A.K.), St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Komesaroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Heart Research Institute (S.Y.H., K.S., B.A.K., T.D., P.A.K.), St. Kilda Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071620495065800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.13.1695","article-title":"Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"283","author":"Fonseca","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050045","article-title":"Rosiglitazone short-term monotherapy lowers fasting and post-prandial glucose in patients with type II diabetes.","volume":"43","author":"Raskin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.1.7157","article-title":"Rosiglitazone monotherapy is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"86","author":"Lebovitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002103420603","volume":"342","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.24.1.106","article-title":"Antihypertensive effect of pioglitazone is not invariably associated with increased insulin sensitivity.","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R6","first-page":"4159","article-title":"The effect of hormonal replacement therapy on the vascular reactivity and endothelial function of healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"84","author":"Lim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917030-00015","article-title":"Withdrawal of hormonal therapy for 4 weeks decreases arterial compliance in postmenopausal women.","volume":"17","author":"Waddell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2020071620495065800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251102","article-title":"Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. 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