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Levels of c-Rel, p50, and p105 NF-\u03baB species were dramatically reduced in pregnant myometrium compared with nonpregnant (NP) controls, whereas expression of the RelA subunit remained uniform. Importantly, during labor, expression of all subunits was observed to be significantly reduced in all myometrial samples studied relative to NP levels. Moreover, for RelA, c-Rel, and p50 subunits, there was a gradient of expression between laboring upper (corpus) and lower uterine segment myometrium. No RelB or p52 subunits could be detected. EMSAs identified changes in NF-\u03baB subunit composition in the myometrium during pregnancy and labor, with p50 homodimers predominant in NP tissues being replaced with RelA:p50 heterodimers in pregnant and laboring samples. Significantly, RelA was observed to be phosphorylated at serine-536, implicating the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase\/AKT pathway in NF-\u03baB function in the myometrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T01:39:05Z","timestamp":1099618745000},"page":"5683-5693","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Expression and Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Binding Activity of the Nuclear Factor \u03baB Family in the Human Myometrium during Pregnancy and Labor"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Nicholas","family":"Europe-Finner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"2020071617475768800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00011.x","article-title":"Defining the problem: the epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"110","author":"Lumley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(05)80447-X","article-title":"Biochemistry and physiology of preterm labour and delivery.","volume":"7","author":"Lo\u0301pez-Bernal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504751","article-title":"Identification and expression of G proteins in human myometrium: up-regulation of G\u03b1s in pregnancy.","volume":"132","author":"Europe-Finner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R4","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Down-regulation of G\u03b1s in human myometrium in term and preterm labor: a mechanism for parturition.","volume":"79","author":"Europe-Finner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.7.648","article-title":"Expression of CREB, CREM and ATF2 cyclic AMP dependent transcription factors in the human myometrium during pregnancy and labour.","volume":"6","author":"Bailey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021862","article-title":"Human myometrial quiescence and activation during gestation and parturition involve dramatic changes in expression and activity of particulate type II (RII\u03b1) protein kinase A holoenzyme.","volume":"88","author":"MacDougall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R7","first-page":"1705","article-title":"The differential expression of myometrial connexin-43, cyclooxygenases 1, 2 and G\u03b1s proteins in the upper and lower segments of the human uterus during pregnancy and labor.","volume":"84","author":"Sparey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021212","article-title":"Paracrine oxytocin and estradiol demonstrate a spatial increase in human intrauterine tissues with labor.","volume":"88","author":"Blanks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"2020071617475768800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0948","article-title":"Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition\u2014a review","volume":"24","author":"Keelan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6853","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203239","article-title":"Activators and target genes of Rel\/NF-\u03baB transcription factors.","volume":"18","author":"Pahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2020071617475768800_R11","first-page":"61","article-title":"NF-\u03baB function in cellular stress and human disease","author":"Chapman","year":"2002","journal-title":"In: Storey KB, Storey JM, eds. 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