{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:22:52Z","timestamp":1771870972916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Context: Vitamin D insufficiency and osteoporosis are common and often coexist in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether the presence of vitamin D insufficiency at the initiation of raloxifene therapy affected the subsequent response of bone mineral density (BMD).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design, Setting, and Participants: We studied 7522 postmenopausal participants of the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation, a placebo-controlled trial of the effects of raloxifene on BMD and fracture.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Intervention: After enrollment, all participants began daily supplements of 500 mg calcium and 400\u2013600 IU cholecalciferol; 1 month later, women were randomly assigned to placebo or raloxifene.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measure: Serum levels of vitamin D [25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD)] were measured at enrollment, randomization, and 6 months later. We categorized participants\u2019 vitamin D status (deficient, insufficient, or sufficient) based on their randomization 25OHD level. We estimated the effects of treatment on BMD within these subgroups using linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: At enrollment, 3.2% of participants were vitamin D deficient, and 51.8% were insufficient; after 7 months of cholecalciferol supplementation, 0.2% of all participants remained D deficient, and 23.6% remained insufficient. The effects of raloxifene on hip and spine BMD did not vary by vitamin D status at randomization (P = 0.08 and P = 0.7, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: We conclude that vitamin D status at initiation of raloxifene therapy does not affect the subsequent BMD response when coadministered with cholecalciferol and calcium. After 7 months of cholecalciferol therapy, very few women continued to have 25OHD levels in the deficient range; however, 25OHD levels remained suboptimal in nearly one fourth of the cohort. Additional research is needed to determine whether these observations can be generalized to other antiresorptive agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T21:37:43Z","timestamp":1123537063000},"page":"4566-4572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Vitamin D Insufficiency Does Not Affect Bone Mineral Density Response to Raloxifene"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Antoniucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine (D.M.A., D.E.S.) University of California, San Francisco, California 94143"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vittinghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology (E.V., D.M.B.), University of California, San Francisco, California 94143"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center and California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (T.B.), San Francisco, California 94105"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis M.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology (E.V., D.M.B.), University of California, San Francisco, California 94143"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah E.","family":"Sellmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine (D.M.A., D.E.S.) University of California, San Francisco, California 94143"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071619520981500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients.","volume":"338","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7327","article-title":"A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation clinical trial.","volume":"86","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-3-628","article-title":"Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with low vertebral bone mass.","volume":"72","author":"Villareal","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.16.1505","article-title":"Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture.","volume":"281","author":"LeBoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R5","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency in a population of healthy western Canadians.","volume":"166","author":"Rucker","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900618","article-title":"Calcidiol and PTH levels in women attending an osteoporosis program.","volume":"64","author":"Haden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R7","year":"2000"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00764.x","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency increases bone turnover markers and enhances bone loss at the hip in patients with established vertebral osteoporosis.","volume":"51","author":"Sahota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R9","first-page":"399","author":"Pettifor","year":"2004"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78933-9","article-title":"Redefining vitamin D insufficiency.","volume":"351","author":"Malabanan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R11","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density.","volume":"84","author":"Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R12","first-page":"3541","article-title":"Bone mineral density increases with vitamin D repletion in patients with coexistent vitamin D insufficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism.","volume":"85","author":"Kantorovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050175","article-title":"Diminished effect of etidronate in vitamin D deficient osteopenic postmenopausal women.","volume":"51","author":"Koster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.637","article-title":"Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators.","volume":"282","author":"Ettinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970830)16:16<1889::AID-SIM607>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Comparative calibration without a gold standard.","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110510","article-title":"Dual X-ray absorptiometry quality control: comparison of visual examination and process-control charts.","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.2.317","article-title":"Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D.","volume":"135","author":"Hollis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1706S","article-title":"Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency.","volume":"80","author":"Heaney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R19","unstructured":"Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int, in press"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications.","volume":"22","author":"Lips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R21","first-page":"84","volume":"9","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R22","first-page":"293","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.","volume":"7","author":"Hodgson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00014","article-title":"Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: recommendations and rationale.","volume":"137","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","article-title":"Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2364","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy.","volume":"90","author":"Holick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040302","article-title":"Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism.","volume":"4","author":"Silverberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-4-644","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and parathyroid function in elderly subjects.","volume":"67","author":"Lips","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/46.2.324","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D supplements: effects on calcium metabolism in elderly people.","volume":"46","author":"Chapuy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116985","article-title":"Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats.","volume":"93","author":"Black","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.11.1747","article-title":"Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene: a randomized trial.","volume":"13","author":"Lufkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R31","first-page":"3425","article-title":"Raloxifene and estrogen: comparative bone-remodeling kinetics.","volume":"82","author":"Heaney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8750","article-title":"Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: four-year results from a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"87","author":"Delmas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050162","article-title":"An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements.","volume":"9","author":"Lips","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031979","article-title":"Assay variation confounds the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D: a call for standardization.","volume":"89","author":"Binkley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071619520981500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.3.529","article-title":"Determination of vitamin D status by radioimmunoassay with an 125I-labeled tracer.","volume":"39","author":"Hollis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/90\/8\/4566\/10817895\/jcem4566.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/90\/8\/4566\/10817895\/jcem4566.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T04:51:19Z","timestamp":1594961479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/90\/8\/4566\/3058894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2005-0290","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}}}