{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:04:06Z","timestamp":1791158646814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]],"date-time":"2006-11-21T22:38:08Z","timestamp":1164148688000},"page":"430-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Obesity and Sex Steroid Changes across Puberty: Evidence for Marked Hyperandrogenemia in Pre- and Early Pubertal Obese Girls"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"McCartney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K.","family":"Blank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Eagleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin D.","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (R.Y., R.J.C.), Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92103"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jeffrey","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (R.Y., R.J.C.), Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92103"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol M.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.M.F.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Caprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (S.Ca.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Research in Reproduction (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (C.R.M., S.K.B., K.A.P., S.Ch., C.A.E., K.D.H., J.C.M.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.20.4.0374","article-title":"The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease.","volume":"20","author":"Poretsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R2","first-page":"3469","article-title":"Body fat distribution and steroid hormone concentrations in obese adolescent girls before and after weight reduction.","volume":"80","author":"Wabitsch","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80623-5","article-title":"Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in obese children.","volume":"107","author":"Dunkel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03351044","article-title":"Increased visceral adipose tissue is associated with increased circulating insulin and decreased sex hormone binding globulin levels in massively obese adolescent girls.","volume":"24","author":"De Simone","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R5","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Insulin, androgen, and gonadotropin concentrations, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio in the first years after menarche in girls with regular menstrual cycles, irregular menstrual cycles, or oligomenorrhea.","volume":"85","author":"Hooff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0438","article-title":"Androgens before and after weight loss in obese children.","volume":"90","author":"Reinehr","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1852","article-title":"The association of obesity and hyperandrogenemia during the pubertal transition in girls: obesity as a potential factor in the genesis of postpubertal hyperandrogenism.","volume":"91","author":"McCartney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R8","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour concentration profiles of gonadotropin and estradiol (E2) in prepubertal and early pubertal girls: the diurnal rise of E2 is opposite the nocturnal rise of gonadotropin.","volume":"77","author":"Goji","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R9","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Diurnal rhythms of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol secretion before the onset of female puberty in short children.","volume":"85","author":"Mitamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R10","first-page":"975","article-title":"Diurnal rhythm of testosterone secretion before and throughout puberty in healthy girls: correlation with 17\u03b2-estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.","volume":"84","author":"Ankarberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R11","first-page":"4095","article-title":"Diurnal rhythm of 17\u03b2-estradiol secretion throughout pubertal development in healthy girls: evaluation by a sensitive radioimmunoassay.","volume":"81","author":"Norjavaara","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R12","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC growth charts: United States","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls.","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079","article-title":"A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum.","volume":"84","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000109523.25076.E2","article-title":"Detecting insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: purposes and pitfalls.","volume":"59","author":"Legro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460537","article-title":"Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche.","volume":"146","author":"l\u2019Allemand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(03)00114-7","article-title":"Childhood obesity.","volume":"49","author":"Strauss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-5-904","article-title":"Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of ovarian stroma obtained from women with hyperandrogenism.","volume":"62","author":"Barbieri","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R19","first-page":"3728","article-title":"Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity.","volume":"82","author":"Arroyo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R20","first-page":"2248","article-title":"Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"82","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.903","article-title":"Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? A comparison of the association in American boys versus girls.","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R22","first-page":"4352","article-title":"Comparison of the neuroendocrine control of pubertal maturation in girls and boys with spontaneous puberty and in hypogonadal girls.","volume":"81","author":"Cemeroglu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R23","first-page":"3501","article-title":"In pubertal girls, naloxone fails to reverse the suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion by estradiol.","volume":"83","author":"Cemeroglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R24","first-page":"940","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity during pubertal transition in girls: pulsatile and diurnal patterns of circulating gonadotropins.","volume":"76","author":"Apter","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-2-378","article-title":"Progesterone modulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in normal women.","volume":"58","author":"Soules","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70071-2","article-title":"Neuroendocrine aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"28","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R27","first-page":"582","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone.","volume":"83","author":"Pastor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R28","first-page":"4179","article-title":"Resistance of gonadotropin releasing hormone drive to sex steroid-induced suppression in hyperandrogenic anovulation.","volume":"82","author":"Daniels","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2359","article-title":"Progesterone inhibition of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator: evidence for varied effects in hyperandrogenemic adolescent girls.","volume":"90","author":"Chhabra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R30","first-page":"4047","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone.","volume":"85","author":"Eagleson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113443847000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml017","article-title":"The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Blank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/92\/2\/430\/9050947\/jcem0430.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T08:38:33Z","timestamp":1555922313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/92\/2\/430\/2566768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-2002","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1061699.513612","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,21]]}}}