{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:34:16Z","timestamp":1790328856706,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Context: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a potent cytokine that promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability. After controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in vitro fertilization (IVF), excessive VEGF-A production can occur, particularly in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); however, it is unclear whether the regulation of VEGF-A production is different between PCOS and non-PCOS women.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the dose- and time-dependent effects of insulin and IGFs on VEGF-A production by luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) from women with and without PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design and Setting: A prospective comparative experimental study was conducted at an institutional practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Patients: Patients included six PCOS and six non-PCOS women undergoing COS and IVF.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Interventions: Interventions included COS for IVF.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: VEGF-A levels in culture media were collected daily for 3 d from LGCs after incubation with variable doses of insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II in the presence and absence of LH.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: In both study groups, exposure to LH alone did not alter VEGF-A levels. However, insulin or IGF increased VEGF-A levels within 1 d and appeared to synergize with LH at 3 d. VEGF-A production by non-PCOS LGCs was more sensitive to IGF exposure, whereas PCOS cells were more sensitive to insulin. Although an increase in DNA content (P &amp;lt; 0.05) was noted in cultures of PCOS cells, progesterone levels were lower compared with non-PCOS LGCs.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Insulin and IGFs promote VEGF-A production in LGCs, but the response patterns are different when cells from PCOS and non-PCOS women are compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,9]],"date-time":"2007-05-09T02:36:08Z","timestamp":1178678168000},"page":"2726-2733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Stimulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production by Luteinized Granulosa Cells: Comparison between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and Non-PCOS Women"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Stanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.S., J.M.L., P.E.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri M.","family":"Borman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Sciences (S.M.B., T.A.M., R.L.S.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore A.","family":"Molskness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Sciences (S.M.B., T.A.M., R.L.S.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine M.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.S., J.M.L., P.E.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Stouffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Sciences (S.M.B., T.A.M., R.L.S.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip E.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.S., J.M.L., P.E.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613544743600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5426-3","article-title":"The role of VEGF receptors in angiogenesis: complex partnerships.","volume":"63","author":"Cebe-Suarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2020071613544743600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(01)00323-X","article-title":"Regulation and action of 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