{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T21:06:35Z","timestamp":1781039195744,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Context: The unexpected observation of a normal GH peak in 22% of young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD) and ectopic neurohypophysis has raised questions about the criteria defining GHD in young adults and whether patients with subsequent increases in GH secretion nonetheless have a subtle form of GHD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Objective: Our objective was to determine the characteristics of patients with childhood-onset nonacquired GHD who recover normal peak GH secretion when adult height has been achieved.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Design and Setting: We conducted a university hospital-based observational follow-up study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Participants: Sixty-two patients with ectopic neurohypophysis (n = 24), isolated hypoplastic anterior pituitary (n = 14), or normal hypothalamic pituitary area (n = 24) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of GHD diagnosis underwent reevaluation of the GH-IGF-I axis at a mean age of 16.8 \u00b1 1.6 yr.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included clinical and MRI findings and serum IGF-I and peak GH levels.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: On retesting, peak GH exceeded 10 \u03bcg\/liter in 31 patients (50%): six (20%) patients with ectopic neurohypophysis, 10 (32%) patients with initially isolated hypoplastic anterior pituitary, and 15 (48%) patients with normal MRI findings. Among these patients, serum IGF-I levels were significantly lower in patients with ectopic neurohypophysis than in those without structural abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary axis (n = 25), but patients without structural abnormalities also had significantly lower serum IGF-I levels than control subjects, after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (mean serum IGF-I levels of 374 \u00b1 83 vs. 446 \u00b1 108 \u03bcg\/liter; \u03b2-coefficient = \u221272; P = 0.003).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: The severity of the disease seems to have decreased over time in these patients, who may nonetheless present persistent pituitary failure. The natural history and clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified. The possibility of a deterioration in the secretion of GH and other pituitary hormones later in life in a subset of these patients warrants the careful long-term follow-up of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T03:58:26Z","timestamp":1185940706000},"page":"3788-3795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Subnormal Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels in Young Adults with Childhood-Onset Nonacquired Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency Who Recover Normal GH Secretion May Indicate Less Severe but Persistent Pituitary Failure"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Georges","family":"Gelwane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology (C.G.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Garel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Centre de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale (INSERM) Unit 690 (G.G., D.S., P.C., J.L.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Chevenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry (D.C.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Armoogum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Centre de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale (INSERM) Unit 690 (G.G., D.S., P.C., J.L.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Centre de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale (INSERM) Unit 690 (G.G., D.S., P.C., J.L.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Czernichow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Unit of Clinical Epidemiology INSERM CIE5 (P.A.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Le\u0301ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Centre de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale (INSERM) Unit 690 (G.G., D.S., P.C., J.L.), Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Robert Debre\u0301 Hospital, Universite\u0301 Paris VII, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613291221500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.3.222","article-title":"Growth hormone state after completion of treatment with growth hormone.","volume":"62","author":"Clayton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R2","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Reevaluation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in 69 adults diagnosed as GH deficient patients during childhood.","volume":"81","author":"Longobardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R3","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Growth hormone provocative retesting of 108 young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency and the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF) and IGF-binding protein 3.","volume":"82","author":"Juul","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.2.3726","article-title":"Growth hormone retesting and auxological data in 131 GH-deficient patients after completion of treatment.","volume":"82","author":"Tauber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00850.x","article-title":"Normal growth hormone secretion in growth hormone insufficient children retested after completion of linear growth.","volume":"45","author":"Wacharasindhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.671492.x","article-title":"The prevalence of severe growth hormone deficiency in adults who received growth hormone replacement in childhood.","volume":"44","author":"Nicolson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5614","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) of childhood onset: reassessment of GH status and evaluation of the predictive criteria for permanent GHD in young adults.","volume":"84","author":"Maghnie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R8","first-page":"7","article-title":"Growth hormone secretion in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency: retesting after one year of therapy and at final height.","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031224","article-title":"Reassessment of growth status is required at final height in children treated with growth hormone replacement after radiation therapy.","volume":"89","author":"Gleeson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R10","first-page":"1284","article-title":"Pitfalls in diagnosing impaired growth hormone secretion: retesting after replacement therapy of 63 patients defined as GH deficient.","volume":"74","author":"Cacciari","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.2.0329","article-title":"The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adults.","volume":"19","author":"Shalet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R12","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Diagnostic controversy: the diagnosis of childhood growth hormone deficiency revisited.","volume":"80","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R13","first-page":"281","article-title":"The impact of gonadal steroid hormone action on growth hormone secretion during childhood and adolescence.","volume":"13","author":"Kerrigan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1274","article-title":"Do all patients with childhood onset growth hormone deficiency and ectopic neurohypophysis have persistent GHD in adulthood.","volume":"90","author":"Le\u0301ger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5784","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030529","article-title":"High risk of adrenal insufficiency in adults previously treated for idiopathic childhood onset growth hormone deficiency.","volume":"88","author":"Lange","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302306","volume":"330","author":"Vance","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R17","first-page":"177","article-title":"The relationship between the GH\/IGF1 axis and serum markers of bone turnover metabolism in healthy children","volume":"65","author":"Le\u0301ger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01829","article-title":"Consensus statement on the management of the GH-treated adolescent in the transition to adult care.","volume":"152","author":"Clayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R19","first-page":"194","article-title":"Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in non-tumoral hypopituitarism in children.","volume":"67","author":"Garel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02018614","article-title":"Height of normal pituitary gland as a function of age evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in children.","volume":"21","author":"Argyropoulou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R21","author":"Sempe\u0301","year":"1970"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R22","first-page":"13","article-title":"Body mass index variations: centiles from birth to 87 years.","volume":"45","author":"Rolland-Cachera","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutrition"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R23","author":"Greulich","year":"1959"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.244.755","article-title":"Standards for children\u2019s height at ages 2\u20139 years allowing for heights of parents.","volume":"45","author":"Tanner","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030392","article-title":"Adolescent with partial growth hormone deficiency develop alterations of body composition after GH discontinuation and require follow-up.","volume":"88","author":"Tauber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01515.x","article-title":"Confirmation of severe GH deficiency after final height in patients diagnosed as GH deficient during childhood.","volume":"56","author":"Attanasio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00836.x","article-title":"How many tests are required to diagnose growth hormone deficiency in adults?","volume":"51","author":"Lissett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02484.x","article-title":"Phenotypic variability in children with growth hormone deficiency associated with posterior pituitary ectopia.","volume":"64","author":"Simon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.7.5849","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency with ectopic neurohypophysis: anatomical variations and relationship between the visibility of the pituitary stalk asserted by magnetic resonance imaging and anterior pituitary function.","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0383","article-title":"Effect on adult height of pubertal growth hormone retesting and withdrawal of therapy in patients with previously diagnosed growth hormone deficiency.","volume":"91","author":"Zucchini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02583.x","article-title":"The severity of growth hormone deficiency in adults with pituitary disease is related to the degree of hypopituitarism.","volume":"41","author":"Toogood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R32","first-page":"3323","article-title":"Reliability of provocative tests to assess growth hormone secretory status: study in 472 normally growing children.","volume":"81","author":"Ghigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01179.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of the insulin tolerance test for assessment of growth hormone and cortisol secretion in normal and hypopituitary adult men.","volume":"54","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R34","first-page":"473","article-title":"Diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults: how good do the criteria need to be?","volume":"87","author":"Molitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R35","first-page":"717","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of GH secretion in experimental animals and the human.","volume":"19","author":"Giustina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2055","article-title":"The diagnosis of partial GH deficiency in adults with a putative insult to the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.","volume":"92","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2566","article-title":"The natural history of partial growth hormone deficiency in adults: a prospective study on the cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis.","volume":"91","author":"Colao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030761","article-title":"Adults with partial growth hormone deficiency have an adverse body composition.","volume":"89","author":"Murray","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01873","article-title":"Diagnosis of GH deficiency in the transition period: accuracy of insulin tolerance test and insulin-like growth factor-I.","volume":"152","author":"Maghnie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030412","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein-3 in growth hormone deficient children and adults using ROC Plot analysis.","volume":"88","author":"Boquette","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6028","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0721","article-title":"Inaccuracy of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 assessment in the diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency from childhood to young adulthood: association to low GH dependency of IGF-II and presence of circulating IGFBP-3 18-kilodalton fragment.","volume":"90","author":"Cianfarani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R42","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I in 152 patients with growth hormone deficiency, aged 19\u201382 years, in relation to those in healthy subjects.","volume":"84","author":"Hilding","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7355.70","article-title":"Adult height after long term treatment with recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency: observational follow up study of the French population based registry.","volume":"325","author":"Carel","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2284","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone treatment on the final height of 1258 patients with idiopathic GH deficiency: analysis of a large international database.","volume":"91","author":"Reiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613291221500_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01768.x","article-title":"Presence of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is a significant determinant of the first 3 years growth response to human growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children with nonacquired growth hormone deficiency.","volume":"58","author":"Zenaty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/92\/10\/3788\/9051033\/jcem3788.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/92\/10\/3788\/9051033\/jcem3788.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T05:18:04Z","timestamp":1708147084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/92\/10\/3788\/2597919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-1003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}}}