{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:10:56Z","timestamp":1791317456338,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]],"date-time":"2007-11-21T01:48:35Z","timestamp":1195609715000},"page":"363-371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Autoimmune Gastritis in Type 1 Diabetes: A Clinically Oriented Review"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Christophe E. M.","family":"De Block","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo H.","family":"De Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc F.","family":"Van Gaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Pernicious anemia and gastric atrophy","author":"Whittingham","year":"1985","journal-title":"In: Rose NR, Mackay IR, eds. The autoimmune diseases. New York: Academic Press;"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00040041097008","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly.","volume":"156","author":"Carmel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.31.12.1051","article-title":"Predictive value of gastric parietal cell autoantibodies as a marker for gastric and hematologic abnormalities associated with insulin dependent diabetes.","volume":"31","author":"Riley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R5","first-page":"4062","article-title":"High prevalence of manifestations of gastric autoimmunity in parietal cell antibody-positive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"84","author":"De Block","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Belgian Diabetes Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.15.1726","article-title":"Atrophic body gastritis in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. An underdiagnosed association.","volume":"159","author":"Centanni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)92531-6","article-title":"Thyroid and gastric autoimmunity in patients with diabetes mellitus.","volume":"2","author":"Irvine","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01071995","article-title":"A reappraisal of the nature and significance of chronic atrophic gastritis.","volume":"18","author":"Strickland","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R9","first-page":"766","article-title":"High prevalence of atrophic body gastritis in patients with unexplained microcytic and macrocytic anemia.","volume":"94","author":"Marignani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1384","article-title":"Soluble transferrin receptor level: a new marker of iron deficiency anemia, a common manifestation of gastric autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.","volume":"23","author":"De Block","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166266","article-title":"The risk of gastric carcinoma and carcinoid tumours in patients with pernicious anaemia: a prospective follow-up study.","volume":"33","author":"Kokkola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R12","first-page":"517","article-title":"Anaemia: disease of the suprarenal capsules.","volume":"8","author":"Addison","year":"1849","journal-title":"London Med Gaz"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R13","first-page":"181","article-title":"A clinical lecture on anaemia, delivered at the Long Island College Hospital.","volume":"1","author":"Flint","year":"1860","journal-title":"American Medical Times"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195310082491505","article-title":"Development of knowledge concerning the gastric intrinsic factor and its relation to pernicious anemia.","volume":"249","author":"Castle","year":"1953","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)92461-2","article-title":"Intrinsic factor antibody in serum from patients with pernicious anaemia.","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5302.454","article-title":"Immunological relationship between pernicious anemia and thyroid disease.","volume":"2","author":"Irvine","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196508192730807","article-title":"Immunologic aspects of pernicious anemia.","volume":"273","author":"Irvine","year":"1965","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-3528(87)90044-3","article-title":"Immunological aspects of gastritis and pernicious anaemia.","volume":"1","author":"Kaye","year":"1987","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372007","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: pernicious anemia.","volume":"337","author":"Toh","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109103998","article-title":"Serum pepsinogen I and serum gastrin in the screening of atrophic pangastritis with high risk of gastric cancer.","volume":"186","author":"Varis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.82","article-title":"Autoimmune gastropathy in type 1 diabetic patients with parietal cell antibodies: histological and clinical findings.","volume":"26","author":"De Block","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109093193","article-title":"Morphology and pathogenesis of endocrine hyperplasias, precarcinoid lesions, and carcinoids arising in chronic atrophic gastritis.","volume":"180","author":"Solcia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196503112721002","article-title":"A comparison of autoimmune phenomena in pernicious anemia and chronic atrophic gastritis.","volume":"272","author":"Fisher","year":"1965","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R24","first-page":"604","article-title":"Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of H+\/K+ATPase, the parietal cell antigen.","volume":"70","author":"Karlsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5316.1347","article-title":"Autoimmune phenomena in pernicious anemia: gastric antibodies.","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R26","first-page":"63","article-title":"Gastric chief cell mass in chronic gastritis","volume":"38","author":"Perasso","year":"1990","journal-title":"Count and relationships to parietal cell mass and functional indices. Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90509-X","article-title":"Parietal cell antibodies in pernicious anemia inhibit H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase, the proton pump of the stomach.","volume":"96","author":"Burman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197102252840803","article-title":"Relations between serum gastrin levels and rates of gastric hydrochloric acid secretion.","volume":"284","author":"Trudeau","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529009095523","article-title":"Fasting levels of serum gastrin in different functional and morphologic states of the antrofundal mucosa. An analysis of 860 subjects.","volume":"25","author":"Sipponen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90176-7","article-title":"Relationships among serum pepsinogen I, serum pepsinogen II, and gastric mucosal histology. A study in relatives of patients with pernicious anemia.","volume":"83","author":"Samloff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5254","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0580","article-title":"Serum pepsinogen I an early marker of pernicious anemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","volume":"90","author":"Alonso","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.10.1105","article-title":"Development of gastric dysplasia in pernicious anaemia: a clinical and endoscopic follow-up study of 80 patients.","volume":"31","author":"Armbrecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90131-3","article-title":"Gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors in pernicious anemia.","volume":"88","author":"Borch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.1.28","article-title":"Gastroscopic follow-up of pernicious anaemia patients.","volume":"34","author":"Sjo\u0308blom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.8.1.S34","article-title":"Thyroid, gastric, and adrenal autoimmunities associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Maclaren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262215","article-title":"Clinical and subclinical organ-specific autoimmune manifestations in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives.","volume":"26","author":"Betterle","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.8.1022","article-title":"Islet cell and thyrogastric antibodies in 633 consecutive 15- to 34-yr-old patients in the diabetes incidence study in Sweden.","volume":"41","author":"Landin-Olsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3109\/08916938809010680","article-title":"Complement-fixing gastric parietal cell autoantibodies. A good marker for the identification of type A chronic atrophic gastritis.","volume":"1","author":"Betterle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.4.460","article-title":"Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in outpatients referred for gastroscopy.","volume":"46","author":"Oksanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90462-5","article-title":"Intrinsic-factor antibody, parietal-cell antibody, and latent pernicious anaemia in diabetes mellitus.","volume":"2","author":"Ungar","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R41","first-page":"236","article-title":"\u03b2-cell, thyroid, gastric, adrenal and coeliac autoimmunity and HLA-DQ types in type 1 diabetes.","volume-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","author":"De Block","year":"2001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00067-7","article-title":"The stomach and iron deficiency anaemia: a forgotten link.","volume":"35","author":"Annibale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001705439","article-title":"Pernicious anaemia.","volume":"37","author":"Toh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92013-3","article-title":"Natural history of autoimmune achlorhydric atrophic gastritis.","volume":"2","author":"Irvine","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703203361208","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 9\u20131997). A 39 year-old woman with pernicious anemia and a gastric mass.","volume":"336","author":"Kaplan","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930201)71:3<745::AID-CNCR2820710316>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Pernicious anemia and subsequent cancer: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"71","author":"Hsing","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1989.169","article-title":"Cancer risk following pernicious anaemia.","volume":"59","author":"Brinton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432608","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 40\u20132000): a 38-year-old woman with gastric adenocarcinoma.","volume":"343","author":"Carpenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113344","article-title":"Major parietal cell antigen in autoimmune gastritis with pernicious anemia is the acid-producing H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase of the stomach.","volume":"81","author":"Karlsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01653-4","article-title":"The causative H+\/K+ATPase antigen in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis.","volume":"21","author":"Toh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(02)00066-6","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis, loss of T cell tolerance and genetics of autoimmune gastritis.","volume":"1","author":"van Driel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01281-X","article-title":"Bugs on trial: the case of Helicobacter pylori and autoimmunity.","volume":"19","author":"Appelmelk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030530","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori antigens and H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase in human gastric autoimmunity.","volume":"198","author":"Amedei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.09.016","article-title":"Shaping the T cell repertoire to a bona fide autoantigen: lessons from autoimmune gastritis.","volume":"17","author":"van Driel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.06.001","article-title":"Gastric autoimmunity: the role of Helicobacter pylori and molecular mimicry.","volume":"10","author":"D\u2019Elios","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R56","first-page":"22","article-title":"The association between autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune gastritis and type 1 diabetes.","volume":"1","author":"Lam-Tse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.3.0466","article-title":"Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: autoantibodies, autoantigens, and their applicability in diagnosis and disease prediction.","volume":"23","author":"Betterle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5342.1374","article-title":"Autoimmune phenomena in pernicious anaemia: serological overlap with thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"1","author":"Doniach","year":"1963","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00354.x","article-title":"Gastric parietal cell antibodies are associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 antibodies and the HLA DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301 haplotype in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Belgian Diabetes Registry.","volume":"17","author":"De Block","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7833","article-title":"The presence of thyrogastric antibodies in first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients is associated with age and proband antibody status.","volume":"86","author":"De Block","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R61","first-page":"243","article-title":"Autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anaemia","author":"Burman","year":"1998","journal-title":"In: Weetman AP, ed. Endocrine autoimmunity and associated conditions. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers;"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.11.004","article-title":"Non-thyroid autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"19","author":"Weetman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340210057014","article-title":"Clinical and subclinical thyroid disorders associated with pernicious anemia.","volume":"142","author":"Carmel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4944","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031597","article-title":"Early manifestations of gastric autoimmunity in patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"89","author":"Segni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939008998434","article-title":"Studies with recombinant autoepitopes of thyroid peroxidase: evidence suggesting an epitope shared between the thyroid and the gastric parietal cell.","volume":"8","author":"Elisei","year":"1990","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6266.768","article-title":"HLA-DR patterns in pernicious anaemia.","volume":"282","author":"Ungar","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01434.x","article-title":"Increased incidence of HLA-DR2 in patients with pernicious anemia.","volume":"19","author":"Van den Berg-Loonen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180590884404","article-title":"Genetic control of susceptibility to autoimmune gastritis.","volume":"24","author":"Baxter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90474-Y","article-title":"Positive serum antibody and negative tissue staining for Helicobacter pylori in subject with atrophic body gastritis.","volume":"101","author":"Karnes Jr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90199-U","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection in pernicious anemia: a prospective controlled study.","volume":"100","author":"Fong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409094870","article-title":"Positive correlation between H,K-adenosine triphosphatase autoantibodies and Helicobacter pylori antibodies in patients with pernicious anemia.","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00752.x","article-title":"Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in atrophic body gastritis patients does not improve mucosal atrophy but reduces hypergastrinemia and its related effects on body ECL-cell hyperplasia.","volume":"14","author":"Annibale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00079.x","article-title":"Association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric autoimmunity: a population-based study.","volume":"11","author":"Uibo","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8780570","article-title":"Antigenic mimicry between Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa in the pathogenesis of body atrophic gastritis.","volume":"111","author":"Negrini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.5.619","article-title":"Antigastric autoantibodies in Helicobacter pylori infection: implications of histological and clinical parameters of gastritis.","volume":"41","author":"Faller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70200-8","article-title":"The gastric H+\/K+ ATPase is a major autoantigen in chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis with body mucosa atrophy.","volume":"115","author":"Claeys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309098294","article-title":"Parietal cell antibodies among Peruvians with gastric pathology changes.","volume":"28","author":"Kohlstadt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01186.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, parietal cell antibodies and autoimmune gastropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"16","author":"De Block","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509096339","article-title":"A 12-year follow-up study of chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori in a population-based random sample.","volume":"30","author":"Villako","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(99)80041-7","article-title":"Decrease of antigastric autoantibodies in Helicobacter pylori gastritis after cure of infection.","volume":"195","author":"Faller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312023292303","article-title":"Evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with iron-deficiency anemia.","volume":"329","author":"Rockey","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.8.1102","article-title":"Prospective survey of investigations in outpatients referred with iron deficiency anaemia.","volume":"34","author":"McIntyre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3534","article-title":"Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion.","volume":"107","author":"Hershko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912233412607","article-title":"Disorders of iron metabolism.","volume":"341","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.9.1870.1870","article-title":"Serum transferrin receptor: a quantitative measure of tissue iron deficiency.","volume":"75","author":"Skikne","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196809262791302","article-title":"The effect of hydrochloric acid on iron absorption.","volume":"279","author":"Schade","year":"1968","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806303182604","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis.","volume":"318","author":"Lindenbaum","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1A122","article-title":"Treatment of vitamin B12-deficiency anemia: oral versus parenteral therapy.","volume":"36","author":"Lane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(00)00059-3","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune gastritis, and gastric carcinoid in a type 1 diabetic patient: a case report.","volume":"14","author":"De Block","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91727-1","article-title":"Multifocal gastric carcinoid tumours, achlorhydria, and hypergastrinaemia.","volume":"1","author":"Harvey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90266-F","article-title":"Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study.","volume":"104","author":"Rindi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.038","article-title":"Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids.","volume":"128","author":"Modlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1387","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor markers and enterochromaffin-like cell hyper\/dysplasia in type 1 diabetes.","volume":"27","author":"De Block","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353739","article-title":"Diverse clinical and pathologic features of gastric carcinoid and the relevance of hypergastrinemia.","volume":"18","author":"Gough","year":"1994","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709000194","article-title":"Basal chromogranin A and gastrin concentrations in circulation correlate to endocrine cell proliferation in type A gastritis.","volume":"32","author":"Borch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01862","article-title":"Plasma chromogranin A in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, enterochromaffin-like cell lesions and gastric carcinoids.","volume":"152","author":"Peracchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R97","first-page":"338","article-title":"Gastric carcinoid tumors: the biology and therapy of an enigmatic and controversial lesion.","volume":"3","author":"Gilligan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90787-Y","article-title":"Rapid regression of enterochromaffinlike cell gastric carcinoids in pernicious anemia after antrectomy","volume":"102","author":"Hirschowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R99","first-page":"677","article-title":"Effectiveness of octreotide in controlling fasting hypergastrinemia and related enterochromaffin-like cell growth.","volume":"81","author":"Ferraro","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91677-7","article-title":"Spontaneous resolution of multifocal gastric enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoid tumours","volume":"1","author":"Harvey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1981.tb09854.x","article-title":"Pernicious anemia as a risk factor in gastric cancer: the extent of the problem.","volume":"210","author":"Eriksson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60867-2","article-title":"Risk of development of gastric carcinoma in patients with pernicious anemia: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota.","volume":"60","author":"Schafer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1998.00009.x","article-title":"Review article: relationship between Helicobacter pylori, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kuipers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90550-0","article-title":"Pathogenesis of gastric cancer in pernicious anaemia.","volume":"1","author":"Ruddell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.039834","article-title":"Is gastric cancer preventable?","volume":"53","author":"Correa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113574312400_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507063330107","article-title":"Gastric carcinoma.","volume":"333","author":"Fuchs","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/93\/2\/363\/10418078\/jcem0363.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T13:01:06Z","timestamp":1588078866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/93\/2\/363\/2598003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-2134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]}}}