{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:38:35Z","timestamp":1773081515980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Context: Data regarding gender-specific efficacy of GH on critical endpoints are lacking. There are no randomized, placebo-controlled studies of physiological GH therapy solely in women.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of physiological GH replacement on cardiovascular risk markers and body composition in women with GH deficiency (GHD).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design: This was a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Setting: The study was conducted at the General Clinical Research Center.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Study Participants: 43 women with GHD due to hypopituitarism were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Intervention: Study participants were randomized to receive GH (goal mid-normal serum IGF-1) or placebo.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: Cardiovascular risk markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tissue plasminogen activator, and body composition, including visceral adipose tissue by cross-sectional computed tomography, were measured.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Mean daily GH dose was 0.67 mg. The mean IGF-1 sd score increased from \u22122.5 \u00b1 0.3 to \u22121.4 \u00b1 0.9 (GH) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 vs. placebo). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased by 38.2 \u00b1 9.6% (GH) vs.18.2 \u00b1 6.0% (placebo) (P = 0.03). Tissue plasminogen activator and total cholesterol decreased, and high-density lipoprotein increased. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and other markers were unchanged. Body fat decreased [\u22125.1 \u00b1 2.0 (GH) vs. 1.9 \u00b1 1.0% (placebo); P = 0.002] as did visceral adipose tissue [\u22129.0 \u00b1 5.9 (GH) vs. 4.3 \u00b1 2.7% (placebo); P = 0.03]. Change in IGF-1 level was inversely associated with percent change in visceral adipose tissue (r = \u22120.61; P = 0.002), total body fat (r = \u22120.69; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = \u22120.51; P = 0.003).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Low-dose GH replacement in women with GHD decreased total and visceral adipose tissue and improved cardiovascular markers, with a relatively modest increase in IGF-1 levels and without worsening insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]],"date-time":"2008-04-02T03:08:57Z","timestamp":1207105737000},"page":"2063-2071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Growth Hormone Decreases Visceral Fat and Improves Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Hypopituitarism: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Beauregard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Utz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber E.","family":"Schaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Nachtigall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly M. 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