{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:12:18Z","timestamp":1783548738040,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T23:33:44Z","timestamp":1205278424000},"page":"2089-2096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Evidence for Insulin Suppression of Baseline Luteinizing Hormone in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Normal Women"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.L., K.P., P.J.M., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (S.J., S.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (S.J., S.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.L., K.P., P.J.M., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Malcolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.L., K.P., P.J.M., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jeffrey","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.L., K.P., P.J.M., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1980.tb02132.x","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Yen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108400","article-title":"Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"57","author":"Rebar","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R3","first-page":"41","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).","volume-title":"Hum Reprod","author":"The Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS concensus workshop group","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-54-3-490","article-title":"Enhanced disparity of gonadotropin secretion by estrone in women with polycystic ovarian disease.","volume":"54","author":"Chang","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R5","first-page":"4047","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone.","volume":"85","author":"Eagleson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R6","first-page":"582","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone.","volume":"83","author":"Pastor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-4-1441","article-title":"Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells.","volume":"108","author":"Adashi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.02.001","article-title":"Insulin augments GnRH-stimulated LH\u03b2 gene expression by Egr-1.","volume":"249","author":"Buggs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.054","article-title":"Insulin enhances the transcription of luteinizing hormone-\u03b2 gene.","volume":"191","author":"Dorn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113864","article-title":"Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"83","author":"Dunaif","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-180","article-title":"The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans.","volume":"64","author":"Nestler","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1040","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone secretion is not influenced by insulin infusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome despite improved insulin sensitivity during pioglitazone treatment.","volume":"90","author":"Mehta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R13","volume-title":"Proc of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecological Investigation","author":"Mortola","year":"1989"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608293350902","article-title":"Decreases in ovarian cytochrome P450c17\u03b1 activity and serum free testosterone after reduction of insulin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"335","author":"Nestler","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R15","first-page":"3299","article-title":"The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"81","author":"Dunaif","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90209-7","article-title":"Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy.","volume":"43","author":"Velazquez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R17","first-page":"1470","article-title":"Restoration of reproductive potential by lifestyle modification in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: role of insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone.","volume":"84","author":"Huber-Buchholz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6738","article-title":"Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"85","author":"Pasquali","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R19","first-page":"3271","article-title":"The decrease in luteinizing hormone secretion in response to weight reduction is inversely related to the severity of insulin resistance in overweight women.","volume":"85","author":"Butzow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00454-3","article-title":"Effect of troglitazone on endocrine and ovulatory performance in women with insulin resistance-related polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"71","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00296-2","article-title":"Menstrual cyclicity after metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"90","author":"Velazquez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei289","article-title":"Metabolic and ovarian effects of rosiglitazone treatment for 12 weeks in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"21","author":"Cataldo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R23","first-page":"654","article-title":"Insulin regulates testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in adult normal weight and obese men.","volume":"80","author":"Pasquali","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.109","article-title":"Lack of effect of short-term diazoxide administration on luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"88","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030816","article-title":"Increased luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is unaltered by prolonged insulin infusion.","volume":"88","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.01945.x","article-title":"Relationship of GnRH-stimulated LH release to episodic LH secretion and baseline endocrine-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"60","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R27","first-page":"3728","article-title":"Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity.","volume":"82","author":"Arroyo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2099","article-title":"Inverse relationship between luteinizing hormone and body mass index in polycystic ovarian syndrome: investigation of hypothalamic and pituitary contributions.","volume":"91","author":"Pagan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.02.007","article-title":"Energy balance and reproduction.","volume":"81","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701260193","article-title":"Effects of metformin treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome depends on insulin resistance.","volume":"23","author":"Nawrocka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31802f50fc","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: early detection in the adolescent.","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml017","article-title":"The origins and sequelae of abnormal neuroendocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Blank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R33","first-page":"1692","article-title":"Serum leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of insulin resistance\/hyperinsulinemia.","volume":"82","author":"Laughlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.06.027","article-title":"Leptin secretory burst mass correlates with body mass index and insulin in normal women but not in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"56","author":"Iuorno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem041","article-title":"Influence of hypo- and hyperglycaemia on plasma leptin concentrations in healthy women and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"22","author":"Ludwig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114002249400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.01.008","article-title":"The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relation to insulin resistance and proinflammatory markers.","volume":"56","author":"Xita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/93\/6\/2089\/9055823\/jcem2089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T20:38:42Z","timestamp":1557347922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/93\/6\/2089\/2598306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-2656","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1131969.589082","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]}}}