{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T22:42:11Z","timestamp":1775169731870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Severe GH deficiency (GHD) is associated with, increased cardiovascular risk and intima-media thickness (IMT) at major arteries.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the 5-yr effects of GH replacement on common carotid IMT and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) (at least two of the following: triglycerides levels \u2265 1.7 mmol\/liter, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels \u2264 1.0 mmol\/liter, blood pressure above 130\/85 mm Hg, fasting glucose 6.1\u20137 or 2 hr after glucose 7.7\u201311.1 mmol\/liter).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Design: This was an interventional, open, prospective, controlled study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients: Patients included 35 men with severe GHD and 35 age-matched healthy men as controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Intervention: All patients received standard replacement therapy; GH replacement was added in 22 patients (group A) and refused by 13 others (group B).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Measurements: Five-year changes in IMT and IRS prevalence were measured.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: At baseline, IMT was higher in the patients with (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and without IRS (P = 0.004) than in controls. Eighteen patients (51.4%) and two controls (5.7%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) had IRS. At study end, use of lipid-lowering drugs (92.3, vs. 13.6 and 34.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), glucose-lowering drugs (69.2 vs. 31.4 and 22.7%; P = 0.016), and antihypertensive drugs (61.5 vs. 20.0 and 4.5%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) was higher in group B patients than controls and group A patients. IGF-I levels normalized in all group A patients and remained lower than \u22121 sd score in 77% of group B patients. IMT significantly decreased only in group A and significantly increased in controls and nonsignificantly in group B patients. IRS prevalence significantly reduced only in group A patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: Severely hypopituitary GHD men have more frequently increased IMT at common carotid arteries and IRS than controls. After 5 years, only in GH replaced patients, IMT and prevalence of IRS decreased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,2]],"date-time":"2008-07-02T00:44:38Z","timestamp":1214959478000},"page":"3416-3424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Growth Hormone Treatment on Atherosclerosis: Results of a 5-Year Open, Prospective, Controlled Study in Male Patients with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., C.D.S., F.R., M.C.S., G.L., S.Sa.), \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology (A.C., C.D.S., F.R., M.C.S., G.L., S.Sa.), \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Spiezia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Unit (S.Sp.), \u201cS. 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