{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:48:38Z","timestamp":1769158118348,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Context: It has been proposed that preeclampsia may result from of an imbalance in angiogenic factors. Although prolactin (PRL) is mainly related to lactation, it is also involved in other biological functions, including angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: Our objective was to determine the relationship among preeclampsia, serum and urinary PRL (uPRL) levels, and excretion of antiangiogenic PRL fragments in urine.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Study design: Using a cross-sectional design, uPRL and serum PRL levels, and the presence of PRL isoforms were determined in 546 pregnant women: 207 healthy pregnant, 124 with gestational hypertension, 48 with mild preeclampsia, and 167 with severe preeclampsia (sPE).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: uPRL concentrations were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) higher in preeclampsia (11.99 ng\/mg creatinine) than in healthy pregnancy (0.20 ng\/mg creatinine) and gestational hypertension (0.19 ng\/mg creatinine), and were even higher in sPE compared with mild preeclampsia (21.20 vs. 2.77 ng\/mg creatinine, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Antiangiogenic PRL fragments (14\u201316 kDa) were detected in 21.6% of urine samples from women with sPE but in none from other groups. Patients with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count syndrome, and\/or eclampsia, placental abruption, acute renal failure, and pulmonary edema exhibited highest uPRL concentrations (P \u2264 0.028) and frequency of antiangiogenic PRL fragments in urine (P \u2264 0.036). High-serum PRL levels were associated with sPE independently of gestational age, proteinuria, and prolactinuria (P = 0.032).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Preeclampsia is characterized by increased uPRL excretion. uPRL concentrations and their isoforms appear to be suitable markers to assess the severity of preeclampsia and occurrence of adverse outcomes. PRL and and\/or its isoforms might be involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,7]],"date-time":"2008-05-07T03:02:00Z","timestamp":1210129320000},"page":"2492-2499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Urinary Prolactin as a Reliable Marker for Preeclampsia, Its Severity, and the Occurrence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Lean\u0303os-Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janeth","family":"Ma\u0301rquez-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe Mari\u0301a","family":"Ca\u0301rdenas-Mondrago\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarela Lizbeth","family":"Chinolla-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Rivera-Lean\u0303os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bermejo-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Fernando","family":"Romero-Arauz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy Clinic (J.F.R.-A., G.A.-J., J.C.R.-L.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Alvarez-Jime\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy Clinic (J.F.R.-A., G.A.-J., J.C.R.-L.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio Ce\u0301sar","family":"Ramos-Leo\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy Clinic (J.F.R.-A., G.A.-J., J.C.R.-L.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ulloa-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine (A.L.-M., J.M.-A., G.M.C.-M., Z.L.C.-A., R.R.-L., S.B.-H., A.U.-A.), Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Ginecologi\u0301a y Obstetricia \u201cLuis Castelazo Ayala,\u201d Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico 03500 D.F., 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