{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:45:28Z","timestamp":1789879528099,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Like stable iodine, radioiodines concentrate in the thyroid gland, increasing thyroid cancer risk in exposed children. Data on exposure to the embryonic\/fetal thyroid are rare, raising questions about use of iodine 131 (I-131) in pregnant women. We present here estimated risks of thyroid disease from exposure in utero to I-131 fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional thyroid screening study (palpation, ultrasound, thyroid hormones, and, if indicated, fine needle aspiration) from 2003 to 2006. Participants were 2582 mother-child pairs from Ukraine in which the mother had been pregnant at the time of the accident on April 26, 1986, or 2 months after the time during which I-131 fallout was still present (1494 from contaminated areas, 1088 in the comparison group). Individual cumulative in utero thyroid dose estimates were derived from estimated I-131 activity in the mother\u2019s thyroid (mean 72 mGy; range 0\u20133230 mGy).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: There were seven cases of thyroid carcinoma and one case of Hurthle cell neoplasm identified as a result of the screening. Whereas the estimated excess odds ratio per gray for thyroid carcinoma was elevated (excess odds ratio per gray 11.66), it was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). No radiation risks were identified for other thyroid diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Our results suggest that in utero exposure to radioiodines may have increased the risk of thyroid carcinoma approximately 20 yr after the Chernobyl accident, supporting a conservative approach to medical uses of I-131 during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1230086908000},"page":"899-906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["A Screening Study of Thyroid Cancer and Other Thyroid Diseases among Individuals Exposed in Utero to Iodine-131 from Chernobyl Fallout"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Hatch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (M.H., A.Br., N.K., A.Bo., E.O., E.R.), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (M.H., A.Br., N.K., A.Bo., E.O., E.R.), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.B., A.D., N.K., V.T., V.S., M.T.), 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Derevyanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.B., A.D., N.K., V.T., V.S., M.T.), 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kuptsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (M.H., A.Br., N.K., A.Bo., E.O., E.R.), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.B., A.D., N.K., V.T., V.S., M.T.), 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Likhtarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Radiation Medicine (I.L., L.K.), 04050 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bouville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (M.H., A.Br., N.K., A.Bo., E.O., E.R.), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Tereshchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.B., A.D., N.K., V.T., V.S., M.T.), 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kovgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Radiation Medicine (I.L., L.K.), 04050 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Shpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (T.B., A.D., N.K., V.T., V.S., M.T.), 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ostroumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (M.H., A.Br., N.K., A.Bo., E.O., E.R.), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"},{"name":"Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (E.O.), Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Greenebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, College of Physicians 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London: World Scientific Publishing Co.;"},{"key":"2020071613434686900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199604000-00015","article-title":"Limits of fetal thyroid risk from radioiodine exposure.","volume":"70","author":"Lloyd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"2020071613434686900_R6","first-page":"8","article-title":"Development and anatomy of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis","author":"Santisteban","year":"2005","journal-title":"In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds. The thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. 9th ed. 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