{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:42:56Z","timestamp":1790242976066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T22:51:14Z","timestamp":1235515874000},"page":"1579-1586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Asymptomatic Volunteers with a Polycystic Ovary Are a Functionally Distinct but Heterogeneous Population"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Littlejohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Rosenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1210\/er.16.3.322","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion.","volume":"16","author":"Ehrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach","author":"Zawadzki","year":"1992","journal-title":"In: Dunaif A, Givens J, Haseltine F, Merriam G, eds. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications;"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R3","first-page":"2248","article-title":"Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"82","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0219","article-title":"Polycystic ovaries are common in women with hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation but do not predict metabolic or reproductive phenotype.","volume":"90","author":"Legro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"81","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","article-title":"The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report.","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91612-1","article-title":"Polycystic ovaries\u2014a common finding in normal women.","volume":"1","author":"Polson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02296.x","article-title":"How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population.","volume":"37","author":"Clayton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1994.tb01041.x","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound scanning in a population of randomly selected women.","volume":"34","author":"Farquhar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00584-7","article-title":"Polycystic ovaries in adolescents and the relationship with menstrual cycle patterns, luteinizing hormone, androgens, and insulin.","volume":"74","author":"van Hooff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2321049.x","article-title":"Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"47","author":"Gilling-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R12","first-page":"995","article-title":"Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hyperandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist testing.","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4343","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031600","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian morphology with regular ovulatory cycles: insights into the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome.","volume":"89","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp033496","article-title":"Clinical practice. Hirsutism.","volume":"353","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1655","article-title":"A quantitative scale of acanthosis nigricans.","volume":"22","author":"Burke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0835","article-title":"Functional significance of polycystic-size ovaries in healthy adolescents.","volume":"91","author":"Mortensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-49-5-730","article-title":"Testosterone binding and free plasma androgen concentrations under physiological conditions: characterization by flow dialysis technique.","volume":"49","author":"Moll Jr","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R18","first-page":"3408","article-title":"Acute hormonal responses to the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist leuprolide: dose-response studies and comparison to nafarelin\u2014a clinical research center study.","volume":"81","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R19","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Studies of the nature of 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist challenge in functional ovarian hyperandrogenism.","volume":"79","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.12.2.115","article-title":"Immunoassay of insulin: two antibody system. Plasma insulin levels of normal, subdiabetic, and diabetic rats.","volume":"12","author":"Morgan","year":"1963","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp.","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg044","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions.","volume":"9","author":"Balen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92552-8","article-title":"Multifollicular ovaries: clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone.","volume":"2","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R25","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"Altman","year":"1999"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1085","article-title":"Polycystic ovarian morphology in normal women does not predict the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"91","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0311","article-title":"Augmented androgen production is a stable steroidogenic phenotype of propagated theca cells from polycystic ovaries.","volume":"13","author":"Nelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R28","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated theca cells from polycystic ovaries.","volume":"79","author":"Gilling-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02150.x","article-title":"Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness.","volume":"38","author":"Carey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.1.5382","article-title":"Polycystic ovaries are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait: analysis of 29 polycystic ovary syndrome and 10 control families.","volume":"84","author":"Govind","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod52.2.444","article-title":"Ontogeny of reproductive abnormalities induced by deregulation of anti-mullerian hormone expression in transgenic mice.","volume":"52","author":"Lyet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del165","article-title":"Anti-Mu\u0308llerian hormone inhibits initiation of growth of human primordial ovarian follicles in vitro.","volume":"21","author":"Carlsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1256","article-title":"Developmental programming: excess weight gain amplifies the effects of prenatal testosterone excess on reproductive cyclicity\u2014implication to PCOS.","volume":"150","author":"Steckler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02376.x","article-title":"The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries.","volume":"39","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041114130674500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0870","article-title":"17-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone disclose distinct phenotypes of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"92","author":"Pasquali","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/94\/5\/1579\/9063726\/jcem1579.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T03:33:44Z","timestamp":1558150424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/94\/5\/1579\/2598076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2008-2771","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}}}