{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1790748970164,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Context: Whether a child with low bone mineral density (BMD) at one point in time will continue to have low BMD, despite continued growth and maturation, is important clinically. The stability of a characteristic during growth is referred to as \u201ctracking.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objective: We examined the degree of tracking in bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD during childhood and adolescence and investigated whether tracking varied according to age, sexual maturation, and changes in growth status.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design: We conducted a longitudinal study with measurements at baseline and annually for 3 yr.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Setting: The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study was conducted at five clinical centers in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Study Participants: A total of 1554 girls and boys, ages 6\u201316 yr at baseline, participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: Whole body, spine, hip, and forearm BMC and BMD were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and age-, sex-, and race-specific Z-scores were calculated. Deviation from tracking was calculated as the Z-score at yr 3 minus baseline.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Correlations between Z-scores at baseline and yr 3 ranged from 0.76\u20130.88. Among children with a Z-score below \u22121.5 at baseline, 72\u201387% still had a Z-score below \u22121 after 3 yr. Age, sexual maturation, and deviations in growth status (P &amp;lt; 0.01) were associated with deviation from tracking; however, tracking was strongly evident even after adjusting for the effects of age, maturation, and growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Bone density showed a high degree of tracking over 3 yr in children and adolescents. Healthy children with low bone density will likely continue to have low bone density unless effective interventions are instituted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T04:54:46Z","timestamp":1267505686000},"page":"1690-1698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Tracking of Bone Mass and Density during Childhood and Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Kalkwarf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Medical Center (H.J.K.), Cincinnati, Ohio 45229"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Gilsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Lappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creighton University (J.M.L.), Omaha, Nebraska 68131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Oberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University (S.O.), New York, New York 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at San Francisco (J.A.S.), San Francisco, California 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Hangartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wright State University (T.N.H.), Dayton, Ohio 45435"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xangke","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation (X.H., M.M.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation (X.H., M.M.F.), Baltimore, Maryland 21210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen K.","family":"Winer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K.K.W.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babette S.","family":"Zemel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia (B.S.Z.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071614203032400_R1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health Fact sheet osteoporosis. http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/about\/researchresultsforthepublic\/Osteoporosis.pdf. 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