{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:07:58Z","timestamp":1784074078085,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have a reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular disease. Increased systemic low-grade inflammation is postulated as a contributor, despite reported lower visceral fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objectives: Our aim was to compare inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness in PWS and adiposity-matched obese control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study comparing 12 PWS subjects, 12 obese subjects matched for percentage body fat and central abdominal fat mass, and 10 healthy normal-weight subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition, flow cytometry to quantify activation markers on immune cells, and ELISA for measurement of C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and IL-6. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment and arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: PWS and obese subjects had similarly increased homeostasis model assessment and arterial stiffness. Nevertheless, PWS subjects showed significantly higher IL-6 (4.9 \u00b1 1.0 vs. 2.5 \u00b1 0.4 pg\/ml; P = 0.02) and nonsignificantly higher C-reactive protein (10.5 \u00b1 3.2 vs. 4.0 \u00b1 1.0 ng\/ml; P = 0.08). Neutrophil activation markers CD66b and CD11b were higher in PWS compared to obese subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01), reflecting an activated innate immune system. These markers were positively related to central adiposity in lean and obese subjects (r = 0.49; P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not in PWS subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: PWS subjects compared to adiposity-matched obese subjects demonstrate similar insulin resistance but increased low-grade inflammation. The dissociation of inflammation and central adiposity suggests that activation of innate immunity may be either a specific genetic feature of PWS or linked to the commonly associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and might offer a treatment target to reduce cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,6]],"date-time":"2010-05-06T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1273110572000},"page":"3392-3399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prader-Willi Syndrome Is Associated with Activation of the Innate Immune System Independently of Central Adiposity and Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Viardot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity Research Program (A.V., L.P., L.V.C.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney-Darlinghurst NSW 2010, 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Services, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney-Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellie","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytogenetics (E.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Herzog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program (A.S., H.H.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney-Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Steinbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic (G.L., K.S.), Metabolism and Obesity Services, Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney-Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney (K.S.), Sydney NSW 2006, 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