{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:29:12Z","timestamp":1769639352969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Context: The effect of mild renal dysfunction on bone mineral density and fracture risk is uncertain.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Objective: We evaluated whether mild renal dysfunction would affect bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of vertebral fractures (VFs) in 659 postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Main Outcome Measures: Creatinine clearance (CCr) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulas, respectively. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Renal function was categorized by the criteria of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Committee.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Comparison of fracture prevalence by chronic kidney disease stages revealed that the group of stage 3 or greater by eGFR had a significantly higher rate of VFs (45.3%) than stages 1 (23.8%) and 2 (25.3%) groups. In the stage 2 group, there were significant positive correlations between eGFR and BMD values at the femoral neck and radius as well as between CCr and BMD values at all sites. Moreover, postmenopausal women with VFs had lower eGFR and CCr than those without VFs in stage 2. When multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with the presence of VFs as a dependent variable and CCr levels adjusted for years after menopause, smoking habit, alcohol intake, and lumbar spine BMD as an independent variable, CCr levels were identified as a factor associated with the presence of VFs in postmenopausal women with chronic kidney disease stage 2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: The present study indicates that postmenopausal women with mild renal dysfunction are at increased risk for BMD decrease and VFs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T01:26:06Z","timestamp":1279157166000},"page":"4635-4642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Mild Renal Dysfunction Is a Risk Factor for a Decrease in Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fractures in Japanese Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology (H.K.), Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (H.K.), Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 1 (M.Y., T.Y., T.Su.), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 1 (M.Y., T.Y., T.Su.), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Blood Purification Medicine (T.Sh.), Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshitsugu","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 1 (M.Y., T.Y., T.Su.), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071616263388600_R1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Osteoporosis in end-state renal disease.","volume":"19","author":"Lindberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00178.x","article-title":"Increased risk of hip fracture among patients with end-stage renal disease.","volume":"58","author":"Alem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000088721.98173.4B","article-title":"A comparison of prediction equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in adults without kidney disease.","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.264","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and bone fracture: a growing concern.","volume":"74","author":"Nickolas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005111194","article-title":"Relationship between moderate to severe kidney disease and hip fracture in the United States.","volume":"17","author":"Nickolas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.19812","article-title":"Increased incidence of hip fractures in dialysis patients with low serum parathyroid hormone.","volume":"36","author":"Coco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90461-8","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for osteopenia in dialysis patients.","volume":"28","author":"Stein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000065222","article-title":"Risk factors for hip fracture in hemodialysis patients.","volume":"22","author":"Kaji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1903-7","article-title":"In elderly men and women treated for osteoporosis a low creatinine clearance of &lt;65 ml\/min is a risk factor for falls and fractures.","volume":"16","author":"Dukas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061014","article-title":"Measures of renal function, BMD, bone loss, and osteoporotic fracture in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.","volume":"22","author":"Jassal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090831","article-title":"Early impairment of trabecular microarchitecture assessed with HR-pQCT in patients with stage II-IV chronic kidney disease.","volume":"25","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-008-9346-7","article-title":"Bone and mineral disorders in pre-dialysis CKD.","volume":"40","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R13","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with C-reactive protein, serum phosphate and bone mineral density in chronic kidney disease","volume-title":"Osteoporos","author":"Manghat","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp699","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and early decrements in kidney function: the Heart and Soul Study.","volume":"25","author":"Ix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080936","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) predicts progression of chronic kidney disease: the mild to moderate kidney disease (MMKD) study.","volume":"18","author":"Fliser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000109671.99498.08","article-title":"Successful treatment of an adynamic bone disorder with bone morphogenetic protein-7 in a renal ablation model.","volume":"15","author":"Lund","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100835","article-title":"Low turnover osteodystrophy and vascular calcification are amenable to skeletal anabolism in an animal model of chronic kidney disease and the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"16","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013","article-title":"National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification.","volume":"139","author":"Levey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034","article-title":"Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan.","volume":"53","author":"Matsuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-007-0463-x","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Japanese general population predicted by the MDRD equation modified by a Japanese coefficient.","volume":"11","author":"Imai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-009-0199-x","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population.","volume":"13","author":"Imai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1916.00080130010002","article-title":"A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight are known.","volume":"17","author":"Dubois","year":"1916","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.8.1364","article-title":"Highly sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay of parathyrin, and its clinical utility in evaluating patients with hypercalcemia.","volume":"33","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329002700114","article-title":"Immunoradiometric assay for intact human parathyroid hormone: characteristics, clinical application and comparison with a radio-immunoassay.","volume":"27","author":"Fro\u0308lich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R25","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Prediction of bone mass change after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.","volume":"85","author":"Nakaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R26","first-page":"807","article-title":"Clinical studies using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for mid-region and carboxy terminus of parathyroid hormone in normal, hypo- and hypercalcemic status.","volume":"65","author":"Fukase","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060106","article-title":"A comparison of morphometric definitions of vertebral fractures.","volume":"6","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50007","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult U.S. population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","volume":"41","author":"Coresh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modified of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group.","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000088721.98173.4B","article-title":"A comparison of prediction equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in adults without kidney disease.","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00412.x","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of renal insufficiency in seniors requiring long-term care.","volume":"65","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650061005","article-title":"Bone mass is related to creatinine clearance in normal elderly women.","volume":"6","author":"Yendt","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080904","article-title":"Reduced creatinine clearance in primary osteoporosis in women.","volume":"8","author":"Yendt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1435-y","article-title":"Relationship between age, renal function and bone mineral density in the U.S. population.","volume":"14","author":"Klawansky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.2.133","article-title":"Renal function and risk of hip and vertebral fractures in older women.","volume":"167","author":"Ensrud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","article-title":"Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and the therapy.","volume":"285","author":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000131526.99506.F7","article-title":"Enhanced expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-007-0784-6","article-title":"Nonenzymatic collagen cross-links induced by glycoxidation (pentosidine) predicts vertebral fractures.","volume":"26","author":"Shiraki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp262","article-title":"The relationship between adipokines, osteocalcin and bone quality in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"24","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1777","article-title":"Homocysteine levels and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women.","volume":"94","author":"Leboff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005010052","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 mitigates hyperphosphatemia but accentuates calcitriol deficiency in chronic kidney disease.","volume":"16","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060673","article-title":"Postprandial mineral metabolism and secondary hyperparathyroidism in early CKD.","volume":"19","author":"Isakova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0525-7","article-title":"Secondary contributors to bone loss in osteoporosis related hip fractures.","volume":"19","author":"Edwards","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020071616263388600_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111639","article-title":"Marked suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism by intravenous administration of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol in uremic patients.","volume":"74","author":"Slatopolsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/95\/10\/4635\/9091691\/jcem4635.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/95\/10\/4635\/9091691\/jcem4635.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T22:36:22Z","timestamp":1740263782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/95\/10\/4635\/2835187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-0099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}}}