{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:32:35Z","timestamp":1791181955474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenesis of preterm delivery (PTD) is not clear, although inflammation\/infection play a major role. Corticotropin releasing-hormone (CRH) and Urocortins (Ucns) are involved in the pathophysiology of PTD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates trophoblast mRNA expression of CRH, Ucn, Ucn2, Ucn3, and their receptors [CRH-type 1 receptor (CRH-R1), CRH-R2] in infective conditions. To determine whether infection or glucocorticoids contribute to change their placental mRNA expression, the effects of lipopolysaccharide or dexamethasone was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Placentas were obtained from spontaneous PTD; premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) and pPROM with chorioamnionitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Placental specimens were collected from women receiving perinatal care at our Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women delivered preterm were enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because CRH and Ucns are involved in immunological functions we evaluated their involvement in PTD with or without infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRH, Ucn2, and CRH-R1 mRNA expression were higher, while Ucn and CRHR-2 were lower in pPROM with chorioamnionitis than in PTD and pPROM. Ucn3 mRNA expression was lower in pPROM with and without chorioamnionitis than in PTD. The addition of lipopolysaccharide in trophoblast explants decreased Ucn, Ucn3, and CRH-R2 and increased CRH, Ucn2, and CRH-R1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Dexamethasone increased CRH and decreased Ucn2 mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings showed a significant impact of pPROM with chorioamnionitis on placental CRH peptides and receptors, suggesting that placental expression of stress-related pathways is activated in infective process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T22:32:15Z","timestamp":1290637935000},"page":"534-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Changes in Placental CRH, Urocortins, and CRH-Receptor mRNA Expression Associated with Preterm Delivery and Chorioamnionitis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine (M.T., R.N., E.B., M.D.B., F.P.), University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Novembri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine (M.T., R.N., E.B., M.D.B., F.P.), University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errico","family":"Bloise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine (M.T., R.N., E.B., M.D.B., F.P.), University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Bonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine (M.T., R.N., E.B., M.D.B., F.P.), University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Challis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Medicine (J.R.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A81"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Petraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine (M.T., R.N., E.B., M.D.B., F.P.), University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613525385400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth.","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00021.x","article-title":"Classification and heterogeneity of preterm birth.","volume":"20","author":"Moutquin","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90133-5","article-title":"Causes of low birth weight births in public and private patients.","volume":"156","author":"Meis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(03)00101-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of preterm birth.","volume":"30","author":"Iams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158124.96300.c7","article-title":"Trends in preterm birth and perinatal mortality among singletons: United States, 1989 through 2000.","volume":"105","author":"Ananth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106766","article-title":"The Preterm Prediction Study: prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes through clinical findings and ancillary testing. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network.","volume":"183","author":"Mercer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2005.05.001","article-title":"Preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and chorioamnionitis.","volume":"32","author":"Newton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90290-2","article-title":"Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery.","volume":"173","author":"Andrews","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108329095","article-title":"Inflammation and pregnancy.","volume":"16","author":"Challis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.02.002","article-title":"Corticotropin releasing hormone receptors: two decades later.","volume":"25","author":"Aguilera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.12.048","article-title":"Urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 are expressed by the human placenta, deciduas, and fetal membranes.","volume":"195","author":"Imperatore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.01.029","article-title":"The effects of chorioamnionitis and betamethasone on 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 and the glucocorticoid receptor in preterm human placenta.","volume":"12","author":"Johnstone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0865","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulates cortisol and the cortisol biosynthetic pathway in human fetal adrenal cells.","volume":"90","author":"Sirianni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5585","article-title":"Urocortin stimulates placental adrenocorticotropin and prostaglandin release and myometrial contractility in vitro.","volume":"84","author":"Petraglia","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B15","first-page":"3073","article-title":"Effect of corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein on prostaglandin release from cultured maternal decidua and on contractile activity of human myometrium in vitro.","volume":"80","author":"Petraglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B16","first-page":"514","article-title":"Endocrine and paracrine regulation of birth at term and preterm.","volume":"21","author":"Challis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(96)90054-5","article-title":"Activin A, corticotropin-releasing factor and prostaglandin F2 alpha increase immunoreactive oxytocin release from cultured human placental cells.","volume":"17","author":"Florio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1240323","article-title":"Role of stress peptides during human pregnancy and labour.","volume":"124","author":"Hillhouse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00729.x","article-title":"Urocortin increases IL-4 and IL-10 secretion and reverses LPS induced TNF-\u03b1 release from human trophoblast primary cells.","volume":"62","author":"Torricelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.12.5751","article-title":"Stress and autoimmunity: the neuropeptides corticotrophin releasing factor and urocortin suppress encephalomyelitis via effects on both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the immune system.","volume":"158","author":"Poliak","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B21","first-page":"E757","article-title":"Corticosteroid-independent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production by the neuropeptide urocortin.","volume":"275","author":"Agnello","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6204","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.6204","article-title":"Urocortin modulates inflammatory response and neurotoxicity induced by microglial activation.","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6068-6074.2002","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone augments proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages in vitro and in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock in mice.","volume":"70","author":"Agelaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20900","article-title":"Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) and CRF2 agonists exert an anti-inflammatory effect duringthe early phase of inflammation suppressing LPS-induced TNF-alpha release from macrophages via induction of COX-2 and PGE2.","volume":"210","author":"Tsatsanis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4004(95)90004-7","article-title":"Maternal plasma and placental immunoreactive corticotrophin-releasing factor concentrations in infection-associated term and pre-term delivery.","volume":"16","author":"Petraglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90711-F","article-title":"Mechanism of action of interleukin-1 beta in increasing corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropin hormone release from cultured human placental cells.","volume":"163","author":"Petraglia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.04.007","article-title":"Corticotropin releasing hormone modulates endotoxin-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in human trophoblast cells.","volume":"28","author":"Wang Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30286-0","article-title":"Premature labor and intra-amniotic infection. Clinical aspects and role of the cytokines in diagnosis and pathophysiology.","volume":"22","author":"Gomez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.009","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 in the chorioamniotic membranes in spontaneous labor at term and in preterm parturition that are associated with chorioamnionitis.","volume":"191","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90089-4","article-title":"Human decidua: a source of cachectin-tumor necrosis factor.","volume":"41","author":"Romero","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91636-O","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor.","volume":"166","author":"Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00737.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition.","volume":"27","author":"Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2002.0121","article-title":"Infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies.","volume":"7","author":"Romero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1250153","article-title":"Steroid, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, ACTH and prostaglandin interactions in the amnion and placenta of early pregnancy in man.","volume":"125","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5244","article-title":"Glucocorticoid stimulates expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene in human placenta.","volume":"85","author":"Robinson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.10.011","article-title":"Cytokine signaling, inflammation, innate immunity and preterm labour\u2014a workshop report.","volume":"29","author":"Blank","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110373147","article-title":"Hypoxia and pre-eclampsia: increased expression of Ucn2.","volume":"17","author":"Imperatore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109332830","article-title":"Urocortin 2 stimulates estradiol secretion from cultured human placental cells: an effect mediated by the type 2 corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor.","volume":"16","author":"Imperatore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020071613525385400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.049361","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates estrogen biosynthesis in cultured human placental trophoblasts.","volume":"74","author":"You","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/96\/2\/534\/9069173\/jcem0534.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/96\/2\/534\/9069173\/jcem0534.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T04:28:58Z","timestamp":1685852938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/96\/2\/534\/2709524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-1740","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13357158.14726543","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}}}