{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:45:03Z","timestamp":1791571503090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although fatty liver and insulin resistance are known to be associated, the relationship between the two in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the 5-yr risk of developing T2DM in individuals diagnosed with fatty liver using ultrasound and stratified by insulin sensitivity using quartiles of fasting insulin concentration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the clinical and laboratory data of 11,091 Koreans who had a medical evaluation including fasting insulin concentration and abdominal ultrasound at baseline and had a follow-up after 5 yr.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, 27% of the population had fatty liver. Almost half (47%) of the individuals with fatty liver had baseline insulin concentration in the highest quartile compared with 17% in those without fatty liver (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Regardless of baseline insulin concentration, individuals with fatty liver had significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) more baseline clinical and metabolic abnormalities, including higher glucose and triglyceride concentration and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. In addition, regardless of baseline insulin concentration, individuals with fatty liver had a significantly increased risk for incident T2DM compared with those without fatty liver [crude odds ratio, 5.05 (95% confidence interval, 2.08\u201312.29) in the lowest insulin quartile and 6.34 (3.58\u201311.21) in the highest quartile]. In individuals in the highest insulin quartile, the odds ratio for developing T2DM remained significant even after multivariate adjustment including baseline glucose concentration [2.42 (1.23\u20134.75)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although associated with insulin resistance, fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasound appears to independently increase the risk of T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T03:11:52Z","timestamp":1295579512000},"page":"1093-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Interrelationship between Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ki-Chul","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology (K.-C.S.), Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea 110-746;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology (S.H.K.), Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071616265092300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04781.x","article-title":"Effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of metabolic disorders.","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2020071616265092300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02410.x","article-title":"Fatty liver is an independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2020071616265092300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05998.x","article-title":"Fatty liver predicts impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese undergoing a health checkup.","volume":"25","author":"Yamada","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2020071616265092300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","article-title":"Banting lecture 1988. 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