{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:33:14Z","timestamp":1790713994816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the basis for ovarian androgen overproduction involves an overall increase of steroidogenesis, notably in the delta-4 pathway. However, in vitro studies have suggested that excessive androgen production occurs predominantly through the delta-5 pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was performed to assess androgen dose-responses after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation in PCOS and normal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective study to compare androgen production after iv hCG in PCOS and normal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in a General Clinical Research Center in an academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with PCOS (age, 18\u201337 yr; n = 10) and normal ovulatory controls (age, 18\u201337 yr; n = 11) were recruited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>For dose-response studies, blood samples were obtained before and at 0.5, 24, and 48 h after iv recombinant hCG (1, 10, 25, 100, and 250 \u03bcg). A subset of subjects underwent frequent blood sampling over 24 h after iv injection of 25 \u03bcg of recombinant hCG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s):<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured basal and stimulated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, and progesterone responses after hCG administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In PCOS women, maximal A and T production was observed at the lowest doses of hCG, whereas responses were minimal in normal women. Incremental responses of 17-OHP, estradiol, and progesterone were greater in PCOS compared to normal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In PCOS women, maximal A and T responses to hCG relative to those of 17-OHP are consistent with ovarian androgen overproduction via the delta-5 pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]],"date-time":"2011-01-27T02:46:57Z","timestamp":1296096417000},"page":"1106-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Clinical Evidence for Predominance of Delta-5 Steroid Production in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Rosencrantz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickey S.","family":"Coffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Haggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly B.","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.B.D., M.C.D.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.B.D., M.C.D.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana F.","family":"Shayya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Irene","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jeffrey","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine (M.A.R., M.S.C., A.H., R.F.S., H.I.S., R.J.C.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613431196300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200904","article-title":"Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"320","author":"Barnes","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53510-9","article-title":"Dysregulation of cytochrome P450c 17 \u03b1 as the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome.","volume":"53","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B3","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Studies of the nature of 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist challenge in functional ovarian hyperandrogenism.","volume":"79","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1210\/er.16.3.322","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion.","volume":"16","author":"Ehrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb01767.x","article-title":"17-Hydroxyprogesterone response to buserelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"39","author":"Sahin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E902","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00415.2003","article-title":"Exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to intravenous infusions of recombinant human LH in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"286","author":"McCartney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B7","first-page":"4103","article-title":"Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by luteinizing hormone hypersecretion: evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing.","volume":"81","author":"Iba\u00f1ez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2321049.x","article-title":"Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"47","author":"Gilling-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0870","article-title":"17-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone disclose distinct phenotypes of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"92","author":"Pasquali","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B10","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated thecal cells from polycystic ovaries.","volume":"79","author":"Gilling-Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0311","article-title":"Augmented androgen production is a stable steroidogenic phenotype of propagated theca cells from polycystic ovaries.","volume":"13","author":"Nelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876","article-title":"Random-effects models for longitudinal data.","volume":"38","author":"Laird","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1081\/BIP-100104194","article-title":"Accounting for dropout bias using mixed-effects models.","volume":"11","author":"Mallinckrodt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B14","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.12.2546","article-title":"Ovarian steroidogenic response to human chorionic gonadotropin in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: effect of metformin.","volume":"16","author":"Koivunen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021549","article-title":"Ovarian age-related responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin.","volume":"88","author":"Piltonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61927-X","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in healthy male and female volunteers.","volume":"4","author":"Trinchard-Lugan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1416","article-title":"A pilot study of the human chorionic gonadotropin test for ovarian hyperandrogenism.","volume":"12","author":"Levrant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031851","article-title":"Ovarian age-related responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"89","author":"Piltonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-111-4-1201","article-title":"Androgen biosynthesis in developing ovarian follicles: evidence that luteinizing hormone regulates thecal 17\u03b1-hydroxylase and C17-20-lyase activities.","volume":"111","author":"Bogovich","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2376","article-title":"Kinetic studies on ovarian C-17,20-lyase activity: effect of luteinizing hormone surge.","volume":"117","author":"Eckstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-49-1-132","article-title":"Pattern of the response of testosterone and its precursors to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in relation to age in infants and children.","volume":"49","author":"Forest","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1980.tb01037.x","article-title":"Response of peripheral serum sex steroids and some of their precursors to a single injection of hCG in adult men.","volume":"13","author":"Martikainen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00579.x","article-title":"Steroidogenic response to a single injection of hCG in pre- and early pubertal cryptorchid boys.","volume":"18","author":"Tapanainen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B25","first-page":"410","article-title":"hCG-stimulated 17,20 lyase activity is unaffected by tamoxifen in PCOS or normal subjects","author":"Levrant"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98506-6","article-title":"Missense mutation serine106\u2014proline causes 17 \u03b1-hydroxylase deficiency.","volume":"266","author":"Lin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504753","article-title":"Steroid 17 \u03b1-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities of P450c17: contributions of serine 106 and P450 reductase.","volume":"132","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.6.3158","article-title":"Cytochrome b5 augments the 17,20-lyase activity of human P450c17 without direct electron transfer.","volume":"273","author":"Auchus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.620","article-title":"Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH\/HCG.","volume":"17","author":"Piltonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod31.1.122","article-title":"Androgen synthesis during follicular development: evidence that rat granulosa cell 17-ketosteroid reductase is independent of hormonal regulation.","volume":"31","author":"Bogovich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B31","first-page":"556","article-title":"17\u03b1-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide and serum androgens in obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome offer dietary weight loss.","volume":"82","author":"Jakubowicz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-5-904","article-title":"Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of ovarian stroma obtained from women with hyperandrogenism.","volume":"62","author":"Barbieri","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-2-733","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin potentiate luteinizing hormone-induced androgen synthesis by rat ovarian thecal-interstitial cells.","volume":"123","author":"Cara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55675-1","article-title":"Regulation of androgen production in cultured human thecal cells by insulin-like growth factor I and insulin.","volume":"59","author":"Bergh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071613431196300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-83","article-title":"A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"72","author":"Nestler","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/96\/4\/1106\/9068842\/jcem1106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/96\/4\/1106\/9068842\/jcem1106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T03:15:58Z","timestamp":1637205358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/96\/4\/1106\/2720861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2010-2200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}}}