{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:28:38Z","timestamp":1791242918441,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) is a condition of biochemical cortisol excess without the classical signs or symptoms of overt hypercortisolism. It is thought to be present in the 5\u201330% of patients with incidentally discovered adrenal mass (adrenal incidentalomas), which in turn are found in 4\u20137% of the adult population. Therefore, SH has been suggested to be present in 0.2\u20132.0% of the adult population. Some studies suggested that this condition is present in 1\u201310% of patients with diabetes or established osteoporosis. The present manuscript reviews the literature on diagnostic procedures and the metabolic effect of the recovery from SH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A PubMed search was used to identify the available studies. The most relevant studies from 1992 to November 2010 have been included in the review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available data suggest that SH may be associated with chronic complications, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight\/obesity, and osteoporosis. The available intervention studies suggest that the recovery from SH may lead to the improvement of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A retrospective study suggests that this beneficial effect could be predicted before surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SH is suggested to be associated with some chronic complications of overt cortisol excess. Recovery from this condition seems to improve these complications. However, a large, prospective, randomized study is needed to confirm this hypothesis and to establish the best diagnostic approach to identify patients with adrenal incidentalomas who can benefit from surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,2]],"date-time":"2011-03-02T21:42:39Z","timestamp":1299102159000},"page":"1223-1236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":243,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071615534608500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.01.008","article-title":"Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas.","volume":"34","author":"Terzolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70115-8","article-title":"Subclinical Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"29","author":"Reincke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00013","article-title":"Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal masses (\u201cincidentaloma\u201d).","volume":"138","author":"Grumbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.00951","article-title":"Adrenal incidentalomas \u2013 a continuing management dilemma.","volume":"12","author":"Nawar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-4024-6","article-title":"Subclinical Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"Terzolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B6","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Editorial A-I-D-S: the new endocrine epidemic.","volume":"79","author":"Griffing","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.139.1.81","article-title":"Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography.","volume":"139","author":"Glazer","year":"1982","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344099","article-title":"Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series.","volume":"29","author":"Bovio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B9","first-page":"637","article-title":"A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy.","volume":"85","author":"Mantero","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071615534608500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70242-5","article-title":"Incidentaloma. 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