{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:48:13Z","timestamp":1787021293933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A strong genetic influence on bone mineral density has been long established, and modern genotyping technologies have generated a flurry of new discoveries about the genetic determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) measured at a single time point. However, much less is known about the genetics of age-related bone loss. Identifying bone loss-related genes may provide new routes for therapeutic intervention and osteoporosis prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of published peer-reviewed literature on the genetics of bone loss was performed. Relevant studies were summarized, most of which were drawn from the period 1990\u20132010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although bone loss is a challenging phenotype, available evidence supports a substantial genetic contribution. Some of the genes identified from recent genome-wide association studies of cross-sectional BMD are attractive candidate genes for bone loss, most notably genes in the nuclear factor \u03baB and estrogen endocrine pathways. New insights into the biology of skeletal development and regulation of bone turnover have inspired new hypotheses about genetic regulation of bone loss and may provide new directions for identifying genes associated with bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although recent genome-wide association and candidate gene studies have begun to identify genes that influence BMD, efforts to identify susceptibility genes specific for bone loss have proceeded more slowly. Nevertheless, clues are beginning to emerge on where to look, and as population studies accumulate, there is hope that important bone loss susceptibility genes will soon be identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T23:24:55Z","timestamp":1298503495000},"page":"1258-1268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Genetics of Bone Loss: Challenges and Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Braxton D.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Yerges-Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071614595857500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2006.08.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoporosis.","volume":"32","author":"Dennison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-005-0007-x","article-title":"Quality-of-life issues in osteoporosis.","volume":"7","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures.","volume":"359","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005\u20132025.","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0044","article-title":"Genetics of osteoporosis.","volume":"31","author":"Ralston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-009-0773-z","article-title":"Genetics of osteoporosis: accelerating pace in gene identification and validation.","volume":"127","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091101","article-title":"Future of osteoporosis genetics: enhancing genome-wide association studies.","volume":"24","author":"Farber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2406","article-title":"Genetic determinants of bone density and fracture risk: state of the art and future directions.","volume":"95","author":"Duncan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614595857500_B9","first-page":"151","article-title":"Chapter 29. 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