{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:56:43Z","timestamp":1784915803744,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recently, CXCL9 and CXCL11 have been shown to be involved in autoimmune thyroid disorders; however, no data are present about CXCL9 and CXCL11 circulating levels in thyroid autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our objective was to evaluate circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11 in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and Patients or Other Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum CXCL9 and CXCL11 have been measured in 141 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AIT (AIT-p), 70 euthyroid controls, and 35 patients with nontoxic multinodular thyroid. The three groups were similar in gender distribution and age; among the AIT-p, 26% had subclinical hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum CXCL9 and CXCL11 levels were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for both) higher in AIT-p (143 \u00b1 164 and 121 \u00b1 63 pg\/ml, respectively) than in controls (68 \u00b1 37 and 65 \u00b1 19 pg\/ml, respectively) or patients with multinodular thyroid (87 \u00b1 43 and 71 \u00b1 20 pg\/ml, respectively). Among AIT-p, CXCL9 and CXCL11 levels were significantly higher in patients older than 50 yr or those with a hypoechoic ultrasonographic pattern or with hypothyroidism. In a multiple linear regression model including age, thyroid volume, hypoechogenicity, hypervascularity, TSH, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroid peroxidase, only age and TSH were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) related to serum CXCL9 or CXCL11 levels. In a multiple linear regression model of CXCL9 vs. age, TSH, and CXCL11, TSH (P = 0.032) and CXCL11 (P = 0.001) were significantly and independently related to CXCL9.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We first show that circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11 are increased in patients with thyroiditis and hypothyroidism and are related to each other. These results underline the importance of a Th1 immune attack in the initiation of AIT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1302150904000},"page":"1859-1863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Increase of Circulating CXCL9 and CXCL11 Associated with Euthyroid or Subclinically Hypothyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Martina","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Frascerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Di Domenicantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Nicolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ele","family":"Ferrannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poupak","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, I-56100 Pisa, 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