{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1790172149488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T00:32:44Z","timestamp":1317256364000},"page":"3661-3671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Innate Immune Activation and Thyroid Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics (A.K., K.T., T.A., A.Y., K.S.), Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Tanigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics (A.K., K.T., T.A., A.Y., K.S.), Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Akama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics (A.K., K.T., T.A., A.Y., K.S.), Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics (A.K., K.T., T.A., A.Y., K.S.), Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"and Leprosy Research Center (N.I.), National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics (A.K., K.T., T.A., A.Y., K.S.), Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2019041115523917700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1794","article-title":"Checkpoints in lymphocyte development and autoimmune disease.","volume":"11","author":"von Boehmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.1644","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease: past, present, and future.","volume":"20","author":"Tomer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0656","article-title":"Development of a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis induced with homologous mouse thyroid peroxidase.","volume":"145","author":"Ng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0023","article-title":"Insight into Graves' hyperthyroidism from animal models.","volume":"26","author":"McLachlan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1470311","article-title":"Two-step development of Hashimoto-like thyroiditis in genetically autoimmune prone non-obese diabetic mice: effects of iodine-induced cell necrosis.","volume":"147","author":"Many","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.11074","article-title":"Induction of Graves-like disease in mice by immunization with fibroblasts transfected with the thyrotropin receptor and a class II molecule.","volume":"93","author":"Shimojo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.020522597","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in transgenic mice expressing IFN-\u03b3 in the thyroid.","volume":"97","author":"Caturegli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1165","article-title":"Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on thyrocytes does not cause spontaneous thyroiditis but mildly increases its severity after immunization.","volume":"146","author":"Kimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.385","article-title":"Animal models of Graves' hyperthyroidism.","volume":"52","author":"Nagayama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2215","article-title":"How dying cells alert the immune system to danger.","volume":"8","author":"Kono","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2285","article-title":"Activation of target-tissue immune-recognition molecules by double-stranded polynucleotides.","volume":"96","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.5.2602","article-title":"Genomic DNA released by dying cells induces the maturation of APCs.","volume":"167","author":"Ishii","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1132","article-title":"Fragments of genomic DNA released by injured cells activate innate immunity and suppress endocrine function in the thyroid.","volume":"152","author":"Kawashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","article-title":"The danger model: a renewed sense of self.","volume":"296","author":"Matzinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07208","article-title":"Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance.","volume":"455","author":"Nedjic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104904","article-title":"Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy.","volume":"307","author":"Paludan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930310001603037","article-title":"The contribution of immune regulatory and thyroid specific genes to the etiology of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases.","volume":"36","author":"Ban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500050269","article-title":"A genetic basis for shared autoimmunity in mouse models.","volume":"38","author":"Andersson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530503.x","article-title":"CD28\/CTLA4 gene region on chromosome 2q33 confers genetic susceptibility to celiac disease. A linkage and family-based association study.","volume":"53","author":"Holopainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0015","article-title":"Joint genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: from epidemiology to mechanisms.","volume":"29","author":"Huber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B22","first-page":"536","article-title":"A population-based study of chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism in Danish twins.","volume":"85","author":"Brix","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B23","first-page":"930","article-title":"Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves' disease: a population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts.","volume":"86","author":"Brix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500605","article-title":"The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases.","volume":"150","author":"Prummel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5","article-title":"Viruses and thyroiditis: an update.","volume":"6","author":"Desailloud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.07.004","article-title":"Interferon induced thyroiditis.","volume":"23","author":"Tomer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0242","article-title":"Iodide-induced chemokines and genes related to immunological function in cultured human thyroid follicles in the presence of thyrotropin.","volume":"20","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.46","article-title":"Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms.","volume":"6","author":"Weetman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.06.001","article-title":"Pregnancy, postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune hypophysitis: intimate relationships.","volume":"9","author":"Landek-Salgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04229.x","article-title":"Stress hormones, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, and autoimmunity.","volume":"966","author":"Elenkov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1159\/000074309","article-title":"Increase in serum levels of autoantibodies after attack of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients with Graves' disease.","volume":"132","author":"Takeoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02429-0","article-title":"Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"354","author":"Coles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60398-4","article-title":"Delayed occurrence of Graves' disease after immune restoration with HAART. Highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"352","author":"Gilquin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.008","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide.","volume":"130","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","article-title":"Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-\u03baB by Toll-like receptor 3.","volume":"413","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031023","article-title":"LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3\/7 and NF-\u03baB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF.","volume":"198","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1622","article-title":"Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5.","volume":"9","author":"Uematsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093616","article-title":"Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA.","volume":"303","author":"Diebold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1028","article-title":"TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome.","volume":"5","author":"Latz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein.","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200651200","article-title":"Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection.","volume":"278","author":"Girardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/ni945","article-title":"An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid.","volume":"4","author":"Chamaillard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022637199","article-title":"mda-5: An interferon-inducible putative RNA helicase with double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase activity and melanoma growth-suppressive properties.","volume":"99","author":"Kang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1087","article-title":"The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses.","volume":"5","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12332","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01325-06","article-title":"RNA- and virus-independent inhibition of antiviral signaling by RNA helicase LGP2.","volume":"80","author":"Komuro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/35092620","article-title":"Immune recognition. A new receptor for \u03b2-glucans.","volume":"413","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.001","article-title":"Dectin-2 recognition of \u03b1-mannans and induction of Th17 cell differentiation is essential for host defense against Candida albicans.","volume":"32","author":"Saijo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06013","article-title":"DAI (DLM-1\/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response.","volume":"448","author":"Takaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.015","article-title":"RNA polymerase III detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons through the RIG-I pathway.","volume":"138","author":"Chiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17870","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909545106","article-title":"A selective contribution of the RIG-I-like receptor pathway to type I interferon responses activated by cytosolic DNA.","volume":"106","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01339-09","article-title":"Extrachromosomal histone H2B mediates innate antiviral immune responses induced by intracellular double-stranded DNA.","volume":"84","author":"Kobiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07725","article-title":"AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC.","volume":"458","author":"Hornung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1932","article-title":"IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA.","volume":"11","author":"Unterholzner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1876","article-title":"The cytosolic nucleic acid sensor LRRFIP1 mediates the production of type I interferon via a \u03b2-catenin-dependent pathway.","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003389","article-title":"Cutting edge: Ku70 is a novel cytosolic DNA sensor that induces type III rather than type I IFN.","volume":"186","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030297","article-title":"A proposed classification of the immunological diseases.","volume":"3","author":"McGonagle","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.558","article-title":"Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex.","volume":"164","author":"Ohashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306793200","article-title":"Involvement of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cellular activation by high mobility group box 1 protein.","volume":"279","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01991","article-title":"Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells.","volume":"425","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B60","first-page":"1744","article-title":"Injection of chemoattractants into normal cornea: a model of inflammation after alkali injury.","volume":"39","author":"Pfister","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1315","article-title":"Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan.","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21238","article-title":"Innate immunity conferred by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression is pivotal to monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced inflammation.","volume":"52","author":"Liu-Bryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1282","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA.","volume":"7","author":"Ishii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.11.006","article-title":"A deficiency in the in vivo clearance of apoptotic cells is a feature of the NOD mouse.","volume":"26","author":"O'Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030966","article-title":"Physiological \u03b2 cell death triggers priming of self-reactive T cells by dendritic cells in a type-1 diabetes model.","volume":"198","author":"Turley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2545","article-title":"Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death.","volume":"9","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530500232100","article-title":"Sympathetic ophthalmia.","volume":"20","author":"Damico","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.04.004","article-title":"The specific and essential role of MAVS in antiviral innate immune responses.","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.014","article-title":"Autoimmunity and the clearance of dead cells.","volume":"140","author":"Nagata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.292.5521.1546","article-title":"Requirement of DNase II for definitive erythropoiesis in the mouse fetal liver.","volume":"292","author":"Kawane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05245","article-title":"Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages.","volume":"443","author":"Kawane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/76032","article-title":"Features of systemic lupus erythematosus in Dnase1-deficient mice.","volume":"25","author":"Napirei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/91070","article-title":"Mutation of DNASE1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"28","author":"Yasutomo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6719","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.15.6719-6727.2004","article-title":"Gene-targeted mice lacking the Trex1 (DNase III) 3\u2032\u21925\u2032 DNA exonuclease develop inflammatory myocarditis.","volume":"24","author":"Morita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.032","article-title":"Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.","volume":"134","author":"Stetson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1845","article-title":"Mutations in the gene encoding the 3\u2032-5\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome at the AGS1 locus.","volume":"38","author":"Crow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0199-9","article-title":"A mutation in TREX1 that impairs susceptibility to granzyme A-mediated cell death underlies familial chilblain lupus.","volume":"85","author":"Lee-Kirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2091","article-title":"Mutations in the gene encoding the 3\u2032-5\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"39","author":"Lee-Kirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2082","article-title":"C-Terminal truncations in human 3\u2032-5\u2032 DNA exonuclease TREX1 cause autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy.","volume":"39","author":"Richards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1320399","article-title":"Identification of the thyroid Na+\/I\u2212 cotransporter as a potential autoantigen in thyroid autoimmune disease.","volume":"132","author":"Rasp\u00e9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1732","article-title":"Pendrin is a novel autoantigen recognized by patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.","volume":"94","author":"Yoshida","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-5-909","article-title":"Characterization of monoclonal antibodies derived from lymphocytes from Graves' disease patients in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators.","volume":"58","author":"Ealey","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1638","article-title":"Suppression of iodide uptake and thyroid hormone synthesis with stimulation of the type I interferon system by double-stranded ribonucleic acid in cultured human thyroid follicles.","volume":"148","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0100","article-title":"Thyrocytes express a functional toll-like receptor 3: overexpression can be induced by viral infection and reversed by phenylmethimazole and is associated with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"19","author":"Harii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05887","article-title":"Autoinduction of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells.","volume":"187","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.11.8895357","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibits thyroid function in the presence of soluble IL-6 receptor in cultured human thyroid follicles.","volume":"137","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1993.3.179","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune hypothyroidism induced by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell therapy: in vitro inhibition of human thyroid function by interleukin-2 in the presence of autologous intrathyroidal lymphocytes.","volume":"3","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-6-1735","article-title":"Inhibition of 125I organification and thyroid hormone release by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and interferon-\u03b3 in human thyrocytes in suspension culture.","volume":"70","author":"Sato","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6019","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701319104","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-MyD88 and Fc receptor pathways of mast cells mediate the thyroid dysfunctions observed during nonthyroidal illness.","volume":"104","author":"Rocchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B90","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Reversible inhibition by interferons \u03b1 and \u03b2 of 125I incorporation and thyroid hormone release by human thyroid follicles in vitro.","volume":"77","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1173","article-title":"Type I interferons modulate the expression of thyroid peroxidase, sodium\/iodide symporter, and thyroglobulin genes in primary human thyrocyte cultures.","volume":"90","author":"Caraccio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0434","article-title":"T helper type 17 immune response plays an indispensable role for development of iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2h4 mice.","volume":"150","author":"Horie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5302.960","article-title":"Potential involvement of Fas and its ligand in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.","volume":"275","author":"Giordano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0286","article-title":"Induction and regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in human thyroid epithelial cells.","volume":"19","author":"Mezosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08402","article-title":"Membrane-bound Fas ligand only is essential for Fas-induced apoptosis.","volume":"461","author":"O' Reilly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.399","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, Bax and Bak expression in thyroid glands from patients with Graves' disease.","volume":"51","author":"Hiromatsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0438","article-title":"A functional and phenotypic study on immune accessory cells isolated from the thyroids of Wistar and autoimmune-prone BB-DP rats.","volume":"15","author":"Simons","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.135.5.7956939","article-title":"Recombinant thyrotropin receptor and the induction of autoimmune thyroid disease in BALB\/c mice: a new animal model.","volume":"135","author":"Costagliola","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.7.7540542","article-title":"Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: antibodies can bind to discrete conformational or linear epitopes and block TSH binding.","volume":"136","author":"Seetharamaiah","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.10.7664661","article-title":"Defining the major antibody epitopes on the human thyrotropin receptor in immunized mice: evidence for intramolecular epitope spreading.","volume":"136","author":"Vlase","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90629-3","article-title":"Role of aberrant HLA-DR expression and antigen presentation in induction of endocrine autoimmunity.","volume":"2","author":"Bottazzo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043453414","article-title":"Endothelial expression of MHC class II molecules in autoimmune disease.","volume":"10","author":"Turesson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B103","first-page":"614","article-title":"Function of DR-positive thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease: quantitative analysis of thyroid peroxidase content by fluorescent photometry.","volume":"74","author":"Asakawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90628-1","article-title":"Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen on thyrocytes in Graves' disease: relevance for autoimmunity.","volume":"2","author":"Hanafusa","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00272-7","article-title":"Presentation by myoblasts of an epitope from endogenous acetylcholine receptor indicates a potential role in the spreading of the immune response.","volume":"115","author":"Curnow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437899100","article-title":"Antigen presentation by keratinocytes directs autoimmune skin disease.","volume":"100","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20660","article-title":"Intestinal dendritic cells and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Crohn's disease.","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1090","article-title":"Generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: functional interplay between proteasomes and TPPII.","volume":"5","author":"Kloetzel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1421::AID-IMMU1421>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"CIIV, MIIC and other compartments for MHC class II loading.","volume":"29","author":"Neefjes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7922","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501190102","article-title":"Autophagy promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins.","volume":"102","author":"Dengjel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704014104","article-title":"The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses.","volume":"104","author":"Jounai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.018","article-title":"Antigen-loading compartments for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules continuously receive input from autophagosomes.","volume":"26","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09782","article-title":"Autophagy in immunity and inflammation.","volume":"469","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.1614","article-title":"A nonclassical model of autoimmune hypothyroidism.","volume":"20","author":"Caturegli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-5428(97)00027-7","article-title":"Cytokines and thyroid function.","volume":"6","author":"Ajjan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1719","article-title":"Increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th17 lymphocytes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.","volume":"95","author":"Figueroa-Vega","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2337","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in human autoimmune thyroid disease.","volume":"91","author":"Marazuela","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/358155a0","article-title":"Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen.","volume":"358","author":"Lehmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0345","article-title":"Functional toll-like receptor 4 conferring lipopolysaccharide responsiveness is expressed in thyroid cells.","volume":"150","author":"Nicola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041115523917700_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0102","article-title":"NF-\u03baB p65 subunit mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced Na(+)\/I(\u2212) symporter gene expression by involving functional interaction with the paired domain transcription factor Pax8.","volume":"24","author":"Nicola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/96\/12\/3661\/10438479\/jcem3661.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T05:39:25Z","timestamp":1555047565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/96\/12\/3661\/2834921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-1568","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]}}}