{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:11:24Z","timestamp":1794028284063,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:13:53Z","timestamp":1333239233000},"page":"2039-2049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":428,"title":["Mifepristone, a Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, Produces Clinical and Metabolic Benefits in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Fleseriu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University (M.F.), Portland, Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly M. K.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital (B.M.K.B.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Findling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin (J.W.F.), Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Molitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School (M.E.M.), Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Schteingart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan (D.E.S.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coleman","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corcept Therapeutics (C.G.), Menlo Park, California 94025"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the SEISMIC Study Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The SEISMIC Study Investigators include","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Auchus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMCRInstitute Inc., Escondido, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly M. K.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ty","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Colleran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Fein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore,MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Findling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fleseriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Hamrahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Katznelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Health Science Center at Fitzsimon, Aurora,CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kipnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetero Research\/Diabetes and Glandular Disease Research, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Care, Hollywood, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McPhaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Molitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg Medical, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Schteingart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"T. Brooks","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1942","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in Cushing's disease over 50 years in Stoke-on-Trent, UK: audit and meta-analysis of literature.","volume":"96","author":"Clayton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in Cushing's disease: an epidemiological approach.","volume":"40","author":"Etxabe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B3","first-page":"117","article-title":"Incidence and late prognosis of Cushing's syndrome: a population-based study.","volume":"86","author":"Lindholm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2734","article-title":"Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement.","volume":"93","author":"Biller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0997","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: important issues in diagnosis and management.","volume":"91","author":"Findling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0251","article-title":"Radiation therapy in the management of pituitary adenomas.","volume":"96","author":"Loeffler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2007.10.010","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"37","author":"Pivonello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1517\/14728210903413522","article-title":"Drugs in the medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"14","author":"Schteingart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000314224","article-title":"Medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome: glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and mifepristone.","volume":"92","author":"Castinetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01879.x","article-title":"DNA binding properties of glucocorticosteroid receptors bound to the steroid antagonist RU-486.","volume":"3","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1984","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(87)90083-5","article-title":"Plasma concentrations and receptor binding of RU 486 and its metabolites in humans.","volume":"26","author":"Heikinheimo","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90796-3","article-title":"RU 486 administration in a child with Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"2","author":"Beaufr\u00e8re","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-3-639","article-title":"Pituitary-adrenal response to the antiglucocorticoid action of RU 486 in Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"63","author":"Bertagna","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B14","first-page":"273","article-title":"Clinical applications of RU 486, a prototype glucocorticoid and progestin antagonist","volume-title":"The adrenal and hypertension: from cloning to clinic","author":"Chrousos","year":"1989"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B15","first-page":"235","article-title":"Antiglucocorticoids","volume-title":"Recent advances in adrenal regulation and function","author":"Nieman","year":"1987"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-3-536","article-title":"Successful treatment of Cushing's syndrome with the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486.","volume":"61","author":"Nieman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B17","first-page":"3568","article-title":"Successful long-term treatment of refractory Cushing's disease with high-dose mifepristone (RU 486).","volume":"86","author":"Chu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-2-143","article-title":"Rapid reversal of acute psychosis in the Cushing syndrome with the cortisol-receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU 486).","volume":"114","author":"van der Lely","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01026.x","article-title":"Long-term mifepristone (RU486) therapy resulting in massive benign endometrial hyperplasia.","volume":"54","author":"Newfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B20","first-page":"215","article-title":"Life-threatening Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia following treatment of severe Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"65","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0792","article-title":"Mifepristone for ectopic ACTH secretion in metastatic endocrine carcinomas: report of two cases.","volume":"158","author":"Cassier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B22","first-page":"690","article-title":"Late recurrence of operated adrenocortical carcinoma: atrial natriuretic factor before and after treatment with mitotane.","volume":"105","author":"Donckier","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350817","article-title":"Treatment of severe psychosis due to ectopic Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"30","author":"Bilgin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0098","article-title":"Merits and pitfalls of mifepristone in Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"160","author":"Castinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1264","article-title":"Mifepristone effects on tumor somatostatin receptor expression in two patients with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion.","volume":"97","author":"de Bruin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030861","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial.","volume":"89","author":"Schernthaner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00099.x","article-title":"A comparison of current acne grading systems and proposal of a novel system.","volume":"36","author":"Doshi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Derm"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8","article-title":"Hirsutism: implications, etiology and management.","volume":"140","author":"Hatch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B29","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B30","volume-title":"Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological test battery: theory and clinical interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1985"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00039-8","article-title":"Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education.","volume":"19","author":"Tombaugh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B32","volume-title":"User's manual for the SF-36v2 Health Survey","author":"Ware","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man.","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.9.2.147","article-title":"Resolution of Cushing's disease followed by secondary adrenal insufficiency after anticoagulant-associated pituitary hemorrhage.","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0612","article-title":"Approach to the patient with possible Cushing's syndrome.","volume":"94","author":"Boscaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","article-title":"The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03028.x","article-title":"Endocrine clinical update: where are we in the therapeutic management of pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism.","volume":"68","author":"Mullan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1328","article-title":"Corticotroph tumor progression after adrenalectomy in Cushing's disease: a reappraisal of Nelson's syndrome.","volume":"92","author":"Assi\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9387-6","article-title":"Surgery for Cushing's syndrome: an historical review and recent ten-year experience.","volume":"32","author":"Porterfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(03)00171-9","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of mifepristone: toxicology and safety in animal and human studies.","volume":"68","author":"Sitruk-Ware","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-835369","article-title":"Cortisol, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and hypertension.","volume":"4","author":"van Uum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113215295500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2008.19","article-title":"The spectrum of endometrial pathology induced by progesterone receptor modulators.","volume":"21","author":"Mutter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/97\/6\/2039\/10747303\/jcem2039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T18:04:28Z","timestamp":1641924268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/97\/6\/2039\/2536684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]}}}