{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:59:25Z","timestamp":1789430365995,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T05:51:50Z","timestamp":1362721910000},"page":"1361-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":344,"title":["Endocrine Side Effects Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Salvatore Maria","family":"Corsello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit (S.M.C.), Universit\u00e0 Cattolica, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Barnabei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit (A.B.), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (P.M.), Medical Oncology Division, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"De Vecchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine (L.D.V., F.T.), Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pituitary Center (R.S.), Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Torino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine (L.D.V., F.T.), Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02587.x","article-title":"Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape","volume":"121","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-011-9280-5","article-title":"Improving cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor-induced immune suppression","volume":"30","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2010.0902","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Dillman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e31823261db","article-title":"Beyond cancer vaccines: a reason for future optimism with immunomodulatory therapy","volume":"17","author":"Postow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1734","article-title":"Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade","volume":"271","author":"Leach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3153","article-title":"Novel cancer immunotherapy agents with survival benefit: recent successes and next steps","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2010.0865","article-title":"Releasing the brake on the immune system: ipilimumab in melanoma and other tumors","volume":"25","author":"Tarhini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.09.007","article-title":"The emerging toxicity profiles of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies across clinical indications","volume":"37","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6043","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.205","article-title":"Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4","volume":"23","author":"Attia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e318156e47e","article-title":"Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4 antibody) causes regression of metastatic renal cell cancer associated with enteritis and hypophysitis","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.8954","article-title":"Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody: the first in an emerging class of immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer treatment","volume":"26","author":"Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0404","article-title":"Hypophysitis induced by monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4: challenges from a new cause of a rare disease","volume":"17","author":"Torino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0011","article-title":"Autoimmune hypophysitis","volume":"26","author":"Caturegli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.09.008","article-title":"Clinical experiences with anti-CD137 and anti-PD1 therapeutic antibodies","volume":"37","author":"Ascierto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80366-0","article-title":"The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune attenuator","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00649.x","article-title":"Cell intrinsic mechanisms of T-cell inhibition and application to cancer therapy","volume":"224","author":"Peggs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104621","article-title":"Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma","volume":"364","author":"Robert","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9011","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.lba9011","article-title":"Phase III, open-label, randomized, comparative study of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) and chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ] or dacarbazine [DTIC]) in patients with advanced melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Ribas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/471561a","article-title":"Melanoma drug wins US approval","volume":"471","author":"Ledford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.09.018","article-title":"The European Medicines Agency review of ipilimumab (Yervoy) for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults who have received prior therapy: summary of the scientific assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use","volume":"48","author":"Hanaizi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23086","article-title":"Targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): a novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma and other malignancies","volume":"110","author":"O'Day","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B23","article-title":"Analysis of the onset and resolution of immune-related adverse events during treatment with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","author":"Lebb\u00e9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.1188\/12.CJON.E69-E75","article-title":"Managing immune-related adverse events to ipilimumab: a nurse's guide","volume":"16","author":"Rubin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.6750","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab","volume":"30","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B26","unstructured":"Yervoy (ipilimumab): serious and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions. www.yervoy.com\/hcp\/rems."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181dcd260","article-title":"Current experience with CTLA4-blocking monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of solid tumors","volume":"33","author":"Agarwala","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6681","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0187","article-title":"Prognostic factors related to clinical response in patients with metastatic melanoma treated by CTL-associated antigen-4 blockade","volume":"13","author":"Downey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000178913.41256.06","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockage can induce autoimmune hypophysitis in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Blansfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000208259.73167.58","article-title":"Intrapatient dose escalation of anti-CTLA-4 antibody in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Maker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70006-2","article-title":"Ipilimumab and a poxviral vaccine targeting prostate-specific antigen in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial","volume":"13","author":"Madan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70007-4","article-title":"Combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial","volume":"13","author":"van den Eertwegh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8511","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8511","article-title":"A phase I trial of ipilimumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Hodi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds213","article-title":"Ipilimumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line therapy in extensive-disease-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 2 trial","volume":"24","author":"Reck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70324-8","article-title":"Ipilimumab and fotemustine in patients with advanced melanoma (NIBIT-M1): an open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial","volume":"13","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.4032","article-title":"Ipilimumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment in stage IIIB\/IV non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase II study","volume":"30","author":"Lynch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70090-6","article-title":"Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"13","author":"Margolin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.09.003","article-title":"Update on immunologic therapy with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in melanoma: identification of clinical and biological response patterns, immune-related adverse events, and their management","volume":"37","author":"Kaehler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-009-0193-z","article-title":"Anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy associated autoimmune hypophysitis: serious immune related adverse events across a spectrum of cancer subtypes","volume":"13","author":"Dillard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0167","article-title":"Ipilimumab: a novel immunomodulating therapy causing autoimmune hypophysitis: a case report and review","volume":"167","author":"Juszczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1623","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: MR imaging findings","volume":"30","author":"Carpenter","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4158\/EP11273.OR","article-title":"Association of ipilimumab therapy for advanced melanoma with secondary adrenal insufficiency: a case series","volume":"18","author":"Min","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533209100","article-title":"Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"100","author":"Phan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2005.03.536","article-title":"Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: a phase I\/II study","volume":"12","author":"Maker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.13-S4-16","article-title":"Overcoming immunologic tolerance to melanoma: targeting CTLA-4 with ipilimumab MDX-010)","volume":"13","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2010.09.004","article-title":"Ipilimumab: unleashing the power of the immune system through CTLA-4 blockade","volume":"37","author":"Boasberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000177999.95831.7b","article-title":"Glucocorticoids do not inhibit antitumor activity of activated CD8+ T cells","volume":"28","author":"Hinrichs","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0833","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and ophthalmopathy related to melanoma biological therapy","volume":"164","author":"Min","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181ef72a1","article-title":"Drug-induced Graves' disease from CTLA-4 receptor suppression","volume":"27","author":"Borodic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2033","article-title":"Phase II trial of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in patients with advanced refractory or relapsed melanoma","volume":"16","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-010-0958-2","article-title":"Ipilimumab experience in heavily pretreated patients with melanoma in an expanded access program at the University Hospital of Siena (Italy)","volume":"60","author":"Di Giacomo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5950","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.1927","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of ipilimumab for patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-009-9376-8","article-title":"A phase II multicenter study of ipilimumab with or without dacarbazine in chemotherapy-na\u00efve patients with advanced melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Hersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","article-title":"Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired","volume":"114","author":"Ahmadzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-179697","article-title":"Programmed death 1 signaling on chronic myeloid leukemia-specific T cells results in T-cell exhaustion and disease progression","volume":"114","author":"Mumprecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-206672","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 interactions inhibit antitumor immune responses in a murine acute myeloid leukemia model","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690","article-title":"Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer","volume":"366","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694","article-title":"Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"366","author":"Brahmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr373","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction from antineoplastic agents","volume":"103","author":"Hamnvik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.2.0328","article-title":"The endocrine effects of nonhormonal antineoplastic therapy","volume":"19","author":"Yeung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.4","article-title":"Hypothyroidism related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an emerging toxic effect of targeted therapy","volume":"6","author":"Torino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.12.009","article-title":"Targeting the PD-1\/B7\u2013H1(PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity","volume":"24","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5716","article-title":"Enterocolitis in patients with cancer after antibody blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4","volume":"24","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2424","article-title":"Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T cells are associated with tumor regression and autoimmunity following treatment with anti-CTLA-4","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.04.016","article-title":"Pituitary autoimmunity: 30 years later","volume":"7","author":"Caturegli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autoimm Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000149707.12335.8e","article-title":"Immunopathology of primary hypophysitis: implications for pathogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Gutenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B68","first-page":"46","article-title":"Induction of experimental autoimmune hypophysitis in SJL mice","volume":"17","author":"Landek-Salgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03765.x","article-title":"How reliably can autoimmune hypophysitis be diagnosed without pituitary biopsy","volume":"73","author":"Howlett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03828.x","article-title":"T regulatory cells distinguish two types of primary hypophysitis","volume":"155","author":"Mirocha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B71","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Metastases to the pituitary gland","volume":"16","author":"Fasset","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0388-6","article-title":"Bronchial carcinoid tumors metastatic to the sella turcica and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Moshkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3816\/CBC.2009.n.047","article-title":"Panhypopituitarism due to metastases to the hypothalamus and the pituitary resulting from primary breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Peppa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0038-6","article-title":"Treatment of a pituitary metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumour: case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Goglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160809400524","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus caused by pituitary gland metastasis accompanied by iris metastasis of small cell lung cancer: case presentation and review of the literature","volume":"94","author":"Alacaciolu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345294","article-title":"Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pituitary presenting with hyperprolactinemia","volume":"27","author":"Basaria","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8302-x","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"54","author":"Hasham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1290031","article-title":"Incidence rate and risk factors for thyroid dysfunction during recombinant interleukin-2 therapy in advanced malignancies","volume":"129","author":"Vialettes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003353","article-title":"Acute thyroid dysfunction (thyroiditis) after therapy with interleukin-2","volume":"24","author":"Vassilopoulou-Sellin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90278-J","article-title":"Transient thyrotoxicosis and persistent hypothyroidism due to acute autoimmune thyroiditis after interleukin-2 and interferon-\u03b1 therapy for metastatic carcinoma: a case report","volume":"92","author":"Sauter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.237","article-title":"Thyroiditis after treatment with interleukin-2 and interferon \u03b1-2a","volume":"62","author":"Pichert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.7.1376","article-title":"Hypothyroidism during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is associated with antithyroid antibodies and response to treatment","volume":"11","author":"Weijl","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911201)68:11<2384::AID-CNCR2820681109>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction associated with immunotherapy for patients with cancer","volume":"68","author":"Schwartzentruber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(90)90005-P","article-title":"Pathologic findings associated with interleukin-2-based immunotherapy for cancer: a postmortem study of 19 patients","volume":"21","author":"Kragel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90950-8","article-title":"Reversible hypopituitarism after interferon-\u03b1 therapy","volume":"345","author":"Sakane","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01323-2","article-title":"Interferon-induced hypopituitarism","volume":"114","author":"Concha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B87","first-page":"93","article-title":"Panhypopituitarism in association with interferon-\u03b1 treatment","volume":"45","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.13.2.169","article-title":"Granulomatous adenohypophysitis after interferon and ribavirin therapy","volume":"13","author":"Tebben","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200606000-00019","article-title":"Central hypothyroidism and hypophysitis during treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon \u03b1 and ribavirin","volume":"18","author":"Ridruejo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B90","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ipilimumab efficacy and safety in patients with advanced melanoma: a retrospective analysis of HLA subtype from four trials","volume":"10","author":"Wolchok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8216-2_8","article-title":"Does genomic imprinting play a role in autoimmunity?","volume":"711","author":"Camprub\u00ed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0049","article-title":"Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and suppression of thyroid autoimmunity","volume":"31","author":"Ganesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0830997100","article-title":"Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients","volume":"100","author":"Hodi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0641-z","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody-induced colitis and its management with infliximab","volume":"54","author":"Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B95","unstructured":"http:\/\/evs.nci.nih.gov\/ftp1\/ctcae . Accessed December 2012."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181eec14c","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of single agent ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Royal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2510","article-title":"Phase II trial of extended dose anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (formerly MDX-010) with a multi-peptide vaccine for resected stages IIIC and IV melanoma","volume":"24","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3529","article-title":"Potentiating endogenous antitumor immunity to prostate cancer through combination immunotherapy with CTLA4 blockade and GM-CSF","volume":"69","author":"Fong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2318","article-title":"A pilot trial of CTLA-4 blockade with human anti-CTLA-4 in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Small","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1339","article-title":"Phase I study of ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, in patients with relapsed and refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Ansell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70334-1","article-title":"Ipilimumab monotherapy in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2, dose-ranging study","volume":"11","author":"Wolchok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq013","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab monotherapy in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: a multicenter single-arm phase II study","volume":"21","author":"O'Day","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24951","article-title":"Single-institution experience with ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients in the compassionate use setting: lymphocyte count after 2 doses correlates with survival","volume":"116","author":"Ku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8508","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.8508","article-title":"Ipilimumab (Ipi) expanded access program (EAP) for patients (pts) with stage III\/IV melanoma: 10 mg\/kg cohort interim results","volume":"30","author":"Hamid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8968","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.109","article-title":"Antitumor activity in melanoma and anti-self responses in a phase I trial with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody CP-675,206","volume":"23","author":"Ribas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.2435","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of tremelimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"27","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2870","article-title":"Modulation of lymphocyte regulation for cancer therapy: a phase II trial of tremelimumab in advanced gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Ralph","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2019041113311320300_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.3994","article-title":"Phase II study of the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody, tremelimumab, in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/98\/4\/1361\/9044976\/jcem1361.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:56:40Z","timestamp":1715043400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/98\/4\/1361\/2536694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-4075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]}}}